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WorksheetsAP European History People to Know
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 55mins
The passage above most clearly shows the influence of which of the following trends in fifteenth-century Europe?
The development of natural philosophy based on inductive and deductive reasoning
The revival of classical learning and the development of Northern humanism
The continued reliance on traditional supernatural explanations of the world
The development of Baroque dramatic forms to enhance the stature of elites
Celtis’ discussion of Italian influence in the German lands is most similar to which of the following?
Machiavelli’s criticism of Italian political systems in The Prince.
Galileo’s science-based inquiries that threatened the authority of Catholic world views.
Erasmus’ arguments in favor of religious toleration and criticizing traditional superstitions.
Martin Luther’s criticisms of the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses.
The political condition of Germany described in the passage did not change until
1789
1815
1871
1945
Which of the following groups in the nineteenth century would most likely have agreed with the sentiments in the passage?
Industrial capitalists
Radical anarchists
Romantic nationalists
Utopian socialists
The conflict that Herberle describes in his chronicle resulted in which of the following?
The establishment of several religiously pluralistic and tolerant states within the German-speaking regions
The weakening of the Holy Roman Empire and the strengthening of smaller sovereign states within its boundaries
The virtual extinction of all Christian denominations except Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism within the German-speaking regions
The political unification of most of the German-speaking regions under a Protestant, rather than a Catholic monarch
Based on the passage, which of the following can be safely inferred about Herberle’s religious affiliation?
He was a member of a Lutheran church.
He was a member of a Calvinist church.
He was not a member of any established church.
He was not Roman Catholic.
A historian could best use Herberle’s discussion of the comet as evidence for which of the following features of early modern intellectual life?
The diffusion of new scientific knowledge in the general population of Europe
The continued popularity of astrology among members of the elite
The persistence of a traditional view of the world as governed by supernatural forces
The growing tension between religious and scientific explanations of natural phenomena
The ability of someone of Herberle’s social status in seventeenth-century Germany to read and write was most likely the result of which of the following?
The diffusion of Renaissance humanist ideas to areas outside Italy
The Protestant Reformation’s emphasis on individual study of the Bible
The establishment of mandatory systems of national education
The growth of representative forms of government as alternatives to absolutism
Accounts of non-European peoples similar to Cook’s portrayal of the inhabitants of Australia contributed most directly to the development of which of the following?
Romanticism
Enlightenment rationalism
Positivism
Nationalism
Compared to Cook’s portrayal of the inhabitants of Australia in the late eighteenth century, the predominant European view of non-European peoples in the late nineteenth century had changed in which of the following ways?
Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view less structured and hierarchical societies as more desirable political models.
Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view lack of technological development as evidence of cultural inferiority.
Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view economically undeveloped societies as fairer and more just.
Europeans in the late nineteenth century tended to view climate as less significant than other factors in determining social development.
Cook’s observations concerning the material culture of the inhabitants of Australia most clearly reflect the influence of which of the following developments in Europe?
The decline in power of the landed aristocracy relative to commercial elites
The increase in agricultural productivity known as the Agricultural Revolution
Protestant reaction against ornate forms of decoration and religious imagery
The expanded availability and use of consumer goods
Cook’s voyages were primarily a result of which of the following eighteenth-century developments?
Competition among European powers to create commercial empires
Rivalries between Catholic and Protestant countries to gain converts overseas
Private support for scientific exploration
Efforts to secure new sources of labor for industrialization
The events referred to in the song led most directly to which of the following?
The formalization of a constitutional monarchy in France
The creation of a republican government in France
The installation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French
The restoration of the Bourbon monarchy
The poissardes and other participants in the events described in the song were motivated most strongly by which of the following?
An economic crisis brought about by food shortages
The desire to institute free-market principles in the French economy
The failure of France to gain substantial advantages from its wars with Britain
The fear that Enlightenment ideas about government would undermine the basis of monarchy
The participation of women such as the poissardes led to which of the following during the early phases of the French Revolution?
Wage equality for women
Permanent legal equality for women, but no political rights
Temporary improvements in women’s legal status
Loss of rights previously held by women
Infrastructure projects such as the one depicted on the map are best understood in the context of which of the following?
The diffusion of new agricultural technology from European overseas colonies
The negative impact of the reimposition of serfdom on agricultural productivity
The intensification of agricultural production in response to the development of a market economy
The continued importance of hierarchy and status in rural European society
By the mid-eighteenth century, developments in agriculture similar to the ones reflected in the map led to which of the following in some parts of western Europe?
Rural overpopulation and migration to the cities
An intensification of the pattern of Malthusian demographic cycles
The decline of patriarchy and the adoption of more egalitarian gender roles among the peasantry
The emergence of a new pattern of delaying marriage and childbirth as a means to limit rural birthrates
In addition to new patterns of landownership and land use, which of the following factors had the greatest impact on western European agriculture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?
The beginning of the cooling period known as the Little Ice Age
The increasing cultivation of new crops brought from the Americas
The increasing use of synthetic chemical fertilizers
The increasing use of steam engine technology in agriculture
The report best reflects which of the following goals of public education systems in the period before the First World War?
Heightening awareness of the dangers of international conflict
Greater appreciation of the Ottoman legacy in the Balkans
Training bureaucrats for imperial posts
Instilling feelings of nationalism
The conditions referred to in the report were most directly a result of which of the following developments?
The transformation of the Habsburg Empire into the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary
The emergence of new Balkan states as the Ottoman Empire declined
The growth of international tensions following Bismarck’s dismissal as chancellor of Germany
The increase of economic competition between imperial powers for industrial resources
Sentiments similar to those expressed in the report most directly contributed to which of the following developments in the late twentieth century?
The development of the European Union during the Cold War
The development of COMECON in Eastern Europe
Ethnic conflict after the collapse of communism
The move by European nations to relinquish their colonies
In the interwar period, educators in which of the following countries would most likely have had a view of geography education similar to that expressed in the passage?
Germany
Great Britain
France
The Soviet Union
Which of the following features of the French Revolution would best support Weber’s argument comparing Fascism to Jacobinism?
The passage of laws ending the hereditary privileges of the nobility
Napoleon’s seizure of power from the Directory
The wars to protect Revolutionary France from foreign invasion
The economic price and wage controls imposed during the Reign of Terror
Weber’s argument linking Fascism and Jacobinism implies that he was influenced by which of the following?
Marxist materialist analysis of social change and historical development
Social Darwinist belief in the importance of struggle in historical progress
Positivist emphasis on the role of technology in shaping human affairs
Post-modernist subjectivist critiques of the ethos of western society
Which of the following would most contradict Weber’s thesis concerning the fundamental character of Fascism?
Mussolini’s membership in the Italian Socialist Party prior to founding the Italian Fascist movement
The spread of Fascism to eastern European countries in the 1930s
The growth of National Socialism in Germany during the economic crisis of the early 1930s
Franco’s support for traditional Catholic values in his Spanish Fascist movement
Which of the following would best explain the appeal of Fascism in France alluded to in the passage?
The French alliance with Italy during the First World War
Political instability in France after the First World War
Lingering anti-Semitism in France in the aftermath of the Dreyfus affair
The incorporation of Alsace into France after the First World War
The attitude exemplified by the poster was likely LEAST influenced by which of the following?
Soviet influence over Western European communist parties during the Cold War
The Marshall Plan
The creation of NATO
The creation of the United Nations
The creators of the poster also likely opposed which of the following?
Greater involvement of women in politics and education
The expansion of social welfare programs
The continued French government of Algeria
The expansion of Soviet economic influence in Eastern Europe
The political sentiment expressed in the poster would have the greatest influence on which of the following?
The collapse of the Soviet Union
The development of the European Union
The increase in the number of migrant laborers in Western Europe
The student rebellions of 1968
The passages are best understood in the context of which of the following?
The humanist debate over education and the rights of women
The debate over the role of women in society prompted by the Reformation
The wars between Spain and England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
The revival of the study of classical texts
Valdés’ argument reflects which of the following developments of this period?
The concern over women’s emigration to the New World
The affirmation by the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy of women’s subordination in matters of religion
The Renaissance humanist revival of Greek and Roman attitudes towards women
The growing popularity of monasticism for Catholic women
Lanier’s publication of an argument for increased respect for women was made possible by which of the following?
The spread of literacy and personal engagement with religious texts
Elizabeth I’s use of magisterial religious authority on behalf of women
The opening of clerical positions to women
New scientific writings that challenged classical learning
The patterns shown on the graph most directly contributed to which of the following?
The increasing number of Europeans emigrating to the Americas
The early industrialization of Britain and the Low Countries
The large size of France’s population
The increasing importance of eastern Europe as a grain exporter
In the late 1700s and early 1800s, liberal political economists in western Europe used information similar to the data shown in the graph to argue that
governments should require landholders to make agricultural improvements
the export of food crops and other agricultural products should be restricted
agricultural work had moral and physical benefits that were superior to those of industrial labor
abolition of common agricultural land holdings would result in greater agricultural productivity
Apart from the changes in seed yield shown on the graph above, which of the following most directly affected Europe’s ability to feed itself in the period 1600-1800?
The creation of large cash-crop plantations in the Americas
The cultivation of New World crops in Europe
The widespread mechanization of agriculture
The decreasing tendency of armies to target civilian populations during wartime
Based on the information in the graph, which of the following regions was most likely to avoid the Malthusian trap concerning food supply and population?
Great Britain and the Low Countries
France, Spain, and Italy
Central Europe and Scandinavia
Eastern Europe
At the time of the cartoon’s publication, the political conditions referred to had been most recently reaffirmed by
the French Revolution
the abolition of the Holy Roman Empire by Napoleon
the settlement at the Congress of Vienna
the July Revolution of 1830
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the cartoon?
German liberals regarded the status quo in the German states as an obstacle to progress
German conservatives were largely caught off guard by the outbreak of the Revolutions of 1848.
There was a strong resentment against Schaumburg-Lippe and the other small German states among people living in the larger German states, such as Prussia and Bavaria.
Regional, local, and state-specific loyalties made the emergence of a common German identity impossible.
Which of the following developments in nineteenth-century German history was most directly a response to the concerns expressed in the cartoon?
The establishment of social welfare legislation providing old-age and disability pensions for workers
The creation of the Zollverein, a customs union under Prussian leadership, which facilitated trade and hastened industrialization
The Prussian government’s support for the creation of an extensive rail network in German states
The persistence of primitive agricultural practices and landowning patterns in some parts of the German lands
The Portuguese presence in India most directly resulted from which of the following?
The desire to obtain greater access to precious metals and luxury goods
The desire to secure a supply of labor for expanding manufacturing in Europe
The desire to create new plantations for the production of cash crops
The desire to establish new markets for European manufactured goods
Xavier’s views in the second paragraph support which of the following conclusions about the period 1450–1648?
Christianization efforts were more successful in Asia than in the Americas
Christianization was used to justify the African slave trade.
Christianization was generally in conflict with mercantilist policies.
Christianization both depended on and legitimized European colonial expansion.
Xavier’s views of indigenous populations as expressed in the passage were most similar to views commonly held by late-nineteenth-century Europeans in which of the following ways?
Both views reflected a fear of native influences on Christianity
Both views reflected a sense of admiration for foreign cultures
Both views reflected a sense of cultural superiority.
Both views reflected a sense of moral ambiguity concerning colonization.
The religious order of which Xavier was a member was important in the history of sixteenth-century Europe primarily because it
challenged Protestant teachings and helped revive the Church during the Catholic Reformation
studied Greek and Roman texts but challenged secular values in Renaissance humanism
ensured that Catholic institutions remained outside monarchical control
revived universities in eastern Europe
Based on the poem, it can be inferred that Sâdullah Pasha was most influenced by which of the following?
Social Darwinism
Positivism
Romantic nationalism
Abolitionism
The last three lines of the poem best illustrate which of the following aspects of Europe’s relationship with the rest of the world in the late nineteenth century?
European imperial encroachments provoked a cultural backlash and a rejection of Western values in many areas of Africa and Asia.
Colonial subjects began organizing politically to overthrow European rule
Many countries were made dependent on Europe economically and politically through treaties and trade agreements.
Adoption of Western ideas caused many non-Western peoples to call for the modernization of their own societies and states.
By the 1920s and 1930s, the ideas concerning science and progress reflected in the poem underwent which of the following transformations?
The ideas were largely rejected by non-Western leaders as incompatible with indigenous norms and cultures.
The ideas were largely supplanted by a revival of religious sentiment in the wake of the First World War.
The ideas came to be regarded with suspicion by many European intellectuals in the light of subsequent scientific discoveries and political events.
The ideas were regarded with increasing hostility by European intellectuals in the wake of growing anticolonial movements in Asia and Africa.
The petition best supports which of the following conclusions?
Most Russian peasants opposed the Bolshevik Revolution and supported the Whites in the Russian Civil War.
Peasant notions of social status and social hierarchy were at odds with Bolshevik notions of class formation and class consciousness.
There was a large surplus of arable land in the Russian countryside that was not being cultivated.
Despite the revolution, peasant ideas of ethical living and proper behavior were still deeply influenced by Christian teachings.
Which of the following was most directly a cause of the inequalities in land ownership among the Russian peasantry referred to by the petitioners?
Peter the Great’s westernizing reforms
The abolition of serfdom
The Revolution of 1905
Lenin’s New Economic Policy
The Bolshevik policies decried by the petitioners in the passage would be carried to their logical conclusion in which later Soviet policy?
The policy of allowing limited private market activity under the New Economic Policy
The policy of rapid industrialization under the Five Year Plans
The policy of liquidating the kulaks as a class and the formation of collective farms
The policy of mass incarceration of political opponents in the Gulag
The painting is an example of which of the following developments in modernist European art?
Artists’ turn to dreams and the subconscious as a source of inspiration
Artists’ abandonment of realistic representation in order to convey internal emotional states
Artists’ glorification of technological progress in the machine age
Artists’ exploration of non-European cultures as a source of ne w subject matters and styles
The situation of war veterans such as those depicted in the image was most effectively used to sway public opinion during the interwar period by which of the following groups in Germany?
Right-wing nationalists critical of government ineffectiveness
Pacifists wishing to illustrate the horrors of modern warfare
Social Darwinists seeking to illustrate their belief in survival of the fittest
Social Darwinists seeking to illustrate their belief in survival of the fittest
Otto Dix’s painting is part of the cultural context of
the dislocation and pessimism of the “lost generation”
Christian churches’ response to totalitarianism
a confidence in technology’s ability to fix society’s problems
a return to traditional modes of artistic expression
The interrogator’s reference to “imperialist states” is best understood in the context of which of the following?
Decolonization following the conclusion of the Second World War
The distribution of German colonies to Britain and France through the mandate system
The emergence of fascist states in Western Europe
Ideological conflicts associated with the Cold War
The interrogation recorded in the passage best demonstrates continuity with which of the following?
Stalin’s program of economic centralization
Lenin’s free-market reforms associated with the New Economic Policy
Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization policies
Stalin’s policies toward political opponents
The Soviet regime’s approach to dissent as exemplified in the passage would be most significantly changed as a result of which of the following?
The increase of diplomatic pressure from the United Nations
The resurgence of ethnic instability in Central and Eastern Europe
The implementation of Gorbachev’s policies of perestroika and glasnost
The period of growth in Western Europe known as the “economic miracle”
