Font size
WorksheetsBasics of the Heart
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins
Where is the heart located?
Center of chest
Left leg
Right arm
Back of the head
The heart is located under the ______ and between the lungs.
sternum
clavicle
scapula
rib
The heart is about the size of your ______.
fist
foot
head
knee
What is the average number of heart beats per minute?
72
50
90
120
The total output of the heart is ______ liters per minute.
5
2
8
12
The heart weighs about ______ oz or ______ grams.
10.6 oz or 300 grams
5.3 oz or 150 grams
21.2 oz or 600 grams
2.1 oz or 60 grams
Which layer of the heart lines the chambers and valves and contains the Purkinje fibers?
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
Which layer of the heart is the middle, thickest muscular layer responsible for heart contraction?
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
Which layer of the heart is the outside, thin layer that contains the coronary arteries?
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
Which layer is a double-layer sac that encloses the heart?
Myocardium
Endocardium
Epicardium
Pericardium
Label the layers of the heart in the provided diagram.
Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium, Pericardium (as labeled in the diagram)
Epicardium, Endocardium, Myocardium, Pericardium (as labeled in the diagram)
Pericardium, Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium (as labeled in the diagram)
Myocardium, Endocardium, Pericardium, Epicardium (as labeled in the diagram)
What is the pericardial space?
The space between the heart and lungs
The space between parietal and visceral (epicardium) layer
The space inside the heart chambers
The space between the lungs
How much fluid does the pericardial space normally contain?
1-5 ml
10-20 ml
50-100 ml
100-200 ml
What is the pericardium?
A muscle of the heart
A sack of tissue surrounding the heart
A valve in the heart
A blood vessel
The pericardium has two layers. Name them.
Parietal layer (tough outer layer) and Visceral or epicardium layer (inner layer that adheres closely to the heart)
Myocardium and endocardium
Fibrous layer and serous layer
Epicardium and myocardium
The parietal layer of the pericardium is the ________ layer.
outer
inner
middle
deep
Which part of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from the body?
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
The valve that prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium is called the _______.
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Aortic Valve
Refer to the diagram of the heart and circulation. The apex of the heart is located at the _______.
bottom tip of the heart (labeled as 'Apex')
top of the heart near the atria
center of the left ventricle
right border of the heart
Which blood vessel carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
The right heart pump sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
True
False
What is the function of the Right Atrium?
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
Pumps oxygenated blood to the lungs.
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the body.
What does the Right Ventricle do?
What happens to blood inside the lungs?
What is the function of the Left Atrium?
Receives the now oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.
Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
What does the Left Ventricle do?
What is the Apex of the heart?
What is the interatrial septum?
A wall separating the left and right atriums.
A valve between the ventricles.
A blood vessel in the heart.
A muscle in the left atrium.
What is the function of the Aorta?
What is the function of the Superior Vena Cava?
What is the function of the Inferior Vena Cava?
In the body, what do arteries do?
Carry oxygenated blood to the tissues.
Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Filter waste from the blood.
Produce red blood cells.
In the body, what do veins do?
Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Produce red blood cells.
Absorb nutrients from food.
In the heart, which artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Coronary artery
Carotid artery
In the heart, which vein carries oxygenated blood back into the heart in the left atrium?
Pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Which of the following carries oxygenated blood to the tissues?
Arteries
Veins
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Which heart valve is associated with the S1 'Lub' sound?
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Which heart valve is associated with the S2 'Dub' sound?
Pulmonary valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Which valve is also known as the bicuspid valve and is associated with the S1 'Lub' sound?
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve
Which heart valve is associated with the S2 'Dub' sound and is located between the left ventricle and the aorta?
Aortic valve
Mitral valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Which sound is associated with the closing of the tricuspid valve?
(a)
Which sound is produced when the mitral (bicuspid) valve closes?
'Lub'
'Dub'
'Ta'
'La'
Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the pulmonary valve?
'Dub'
'Lub'
Ventricular gallop
Atrial gallop
Which heart sound is produced by the closing of the aortic valve?
S2: 'Dub'
S1: 'Lub'
S3: 'Ventricular gallop'
S4: 'Atrial gallop'
What is the characteristic sound pattern of S3 early diastole?
What are possible causes of S3 early diastole?
Fluid overload, heart failure
Mitral valve prolapse, pericarditis
Aortic stenosis, atrial fibrillation
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pulmonary embolism
S3 early diastole is best heard when the patient is on which side?
Right side
Left side
Supine
Prone
What is the characteristic sound pattern of S4 late diastole?
Tah-lub-dub
Lub-dub-tah
Dub-tah-lub
Lub-tah-dub
How do you listen for heart sounds according to the instructions?
Inch your stethoscope over the chest and do not pick it up & down
Place the stethoscope and pick it up repeatedly
Only use the stethoscope's bell
Only use the stethoscope's diaphragm
Which part of the stethoscope should you use to hear S1 and S2 heart sounds?
The little bell
The big bell
The earpiece
The tubing
Which heart sounds and murmurs are best heard with the little bell of the stethoscope?
S1 and S2
S3, S4, and murmurs
Only S1
Only S2
Where are heart sounds best heard according to the instructions?
At the apex
At the base of the lung
At the carotid artery
At the wrist
Why does it matter which bell of the stethoscope you use?
The big bell is for hearing big sounds (S1 & S2), and the little bell is for hearing low sounds (S3 & S4)
Both bells are used for the same sounds
The little bell is for big sounds, and the big bell is for low sounds
The bell type does not matter
What is the function of the Sinoatrial (SA) Node in the heart's electrical pathway?
Acts as the 'Natural Pacemaker' and generates electrical impulse, sending it to the left atrium and AV Node.
Sends impulse throughout ventricles.
Sends the electrical impulse to the ventricles after the AV node.
Acts as a gatekeeper if the SA node fails.
The AV Node acts as the '________' and is the second pacemaker if the SA node fails. (40-60 bmp)
gatekeeper
initiator
conductor
generator
What is the role of the Bundle of His in the heart's electrical pathway?
Sends impulse throughout ventricles
Sends the electrical impulse to the ventricles right after the AV node
Acts as the natural pacemaker
Splits the electrical impulse like a fork in the road
Right Bundle Branch (RBB): The electrical impulse ______, like a fork in the road.
split
stops
slows
reverses
Left Bundle Branch (LBB): The electrical impulse ______, like a fork in the road.
split
stops
reverses
slows
What is the function of Purkinje fibers in the heart's electrical pathway?
Sends impulse throughout ventricles (20-40 bpm)
Acts as the natural pacemaker
Sends the electrical impulse to the ventricles after the AV node
Acts as a gatekeeper if the SA node fails
__________ is the ability of the heart cells to initiate an electrical impulse without being stimulated by an outside source.
Automaticity
Contractility
Excitability
Conductivity
__________ is the ability of the heart cells to receive and transmit electrical impulses. Without this, the heart would not have an electrical pathway.
Conductivity
Elasticity
Contractility
Permeability
__________ means the heart muscle cells are stimulated by an electrical impulse, making them contract.
Contractility
Excitability
Automaticity
Conductivity
__________ is the ability of the heart cells to respond to electrical impulses. Without this, the heart would not react, resulting in no heartbeat.
Excitability
Contractility
Automaticity
Conductivity
What is the amount of blood that is pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction called?
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
What is the total volume of blood pumped each minute called?
Cardiac Output
Stroke Volume
Blood Pressure
Heart Rate
What is the percentage of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction during systole called?
Ejection Fraction
Stroke Volume
Cardiac Output
End Systolic Volume
Diastolic - systolic = ________.
stroke volume
blood pressure
heart rate
cardiac output
What is the normal range for Ejection Fraction (EF)?
10% - 30%
30% - 50%
50% - 70%
70% - 90%
What is the formula for Cardiac Output (CO)?
Heart Rate (HR) + Stroke Volume (SV)
Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV)
Stroke Volume (SV) / Heart Rate (HR)
Heart Rate (HR) - Stroke Volume (SV)
What is preload?
The resistance the ventricles must overcome to circulate blood
The amount of blood within the ventricles waiting to be pumped out
The pressure in the arteries
The amount of oxygen in the blood
What is afterload?
The amount of blood in the ventricles
The resistance or 'pressure' that the ventricles must push against to pump blood out to the body
The amount of oxygen in the blood
The pressure in the veins
Preload is increased in which of the following conditions?
Hypertension
Hypervolemia
Vasoconstriction
Low blood pressure
Afterload is increased in which of the following conditions?
Heart failure
Hypervolemia
Hypertension
Regurgitation of cardiac valves
Preload is the pressure from volume of blood in ventricles at end of ________.
diastole
systole
contraction
ejection
Increased afterload results in increased ________ workload.
cardiac
renal
hepatic
pulmonary
What is the isoelectric line (baseline) in an EKG/ECG waveform?
The point where the heart contracts
The line where no electrical activity is occurring in the heart
The peak of the R wave
The end of the T wave
The isoelectric line is also known as the _________.
baseline
axis
interval
segment
What does the P wave represent in an EKG/ECG waveform?
Ventricles contracting
Atria contracting
Ventricles relaxing
Depolarization of ventricles
What is the normal duration of the QRS complex in an EKG/ECG waveform?
0.8-0.12 seconds
0.06-0.12 seconds
0.2-0.4 seconds
0.01-0.05 seconds
The T wave in an EKG/ECG waveform represents the ________ relaxing.
ventricles
atria
lungs
arteries
Which part of the EKG/ECG waveform is associated with depolarization of the atria?
P wave
QRS complex
T wave
U wave
The QRS complex represents the contraction of the ventricles and is associated with depolarization.
True
False
What is the normal duration of the PR Interval in an EKG/ECG waveform?
0.08-0.12 seconds
0.12-0.20 seconds
0.20-0.28 seconds
0.28-0.36 seconds
The PR Interval marks the beginning of atrial depolarization to the beginning of ______ depolarization.
ventricle
atrial
sinoatrial
bundle
The PR Interval measures from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS complex.
True
False
What does the electrical impulse do during the PR Interval?
It travels from the SA node to the AV node
It causes ventricular contraction
It repolarizes the atria
It depolarizes the ventricles
What does the ST segment represent in an EKG/ECG waveform?
The beginning of ventricular depolarization
The end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization
The contraction of the atria
The end of T wave
The ST segment marks the end of the ______ complex to the beginning of the T wave.
QRS
P
U
PR
The ST segment is normally on the isoelectric line in an EKG/ECG waveform.
True
False
According to the information provided, what is happening to the ventricles during the ST segment?
They are contracting
They are starting to relax
They are depolarizing
They are repolarizing
