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WorksheetsL.O. Week 16
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 9mins
The lubrication oil system is a critical subsystem in marine and industrial engines, responsible for ensuring the smooth, reliable, and efficient operation of various moving components. It provides a film of oil between surfaces in relative motion, reducing friction and wear, while also serving to cool, clean, and protect internal parts from corrosion and deposits.
True
False
Lubrication oil (or lube oil) is not just a lubricant—it is a multi-functional fluid that contributes directly to the longevity, performance, and safety of the engine system. Out-of-limit conditions in lube oil properties can lead to premature failure, increased operating costs, and even catastrophic engine damage.
True
False
Lubricating oil onboard ships follows a controlled open-loop circulation system designed to ensure continuous lubrication, cooling, and cleaning of engine components.
True
False
Fluid Flow Description
Lubricating Oil is distributed to: (choose all the correct answers)
Crankshaft bearings
Camshaft and gear train
Turbocharger bearings
Piston cooling nozzles
Cylinder liners
Fluid Flow Description
Lubricating Oil Sump (Drain Tank or Sump Tank)
•The oil is stored here after use in the engine.
•Acts as a reservoir for the lubrication system.
True
False
Fluid Flow Description
Suction to Pump
•Lubricating oil is drawn from the sump by a lubricating oil pump
•The pump creates the pressure needed to circulate oil outside the system.
True
False
Fluid Flow Description
Choose all the functions of Oil Filter:
Removes debris, metal particles, and contaminants.
Helps maintain oil cleanliness to protect engine components.
Maintains oil within an optimal temperature range
Acts as a reservoir for the lubrication system.
Creates the pressure needed to circulate oil through the system.
Fluid Flow Description
Choose all the functions of Oil Cooler (Heat Exchanger):
The oil flows through it, where it is cooled by seawater or freshwater before reaching engine parts.
Maintains oil within an optimal temperature range (usually ~45–55°C for trunk piston engines).
Helps maintain oil cleanliness to protect engine components.
Removes debris, metal particles, and contaminants
Acts as a reservoir for the lubrication system
Fluid Flow Description
Cylinder Lubrication (For 2-Stroke Crosshead Engines):
This oil is injected in small quantities to the cylinder and returned to the sump tank.
True
False
Fluid Flow Description
Monitoring and Alarms
•Key parameters monitored include: (choose all the answers)
•Viscosity
•Oil acidity
•Oil temperature
•Oil pressure
•Oil Base Number
Fluid Flow Description
Simplified flow path of the lubricating oil system:
Sump → Pump → Filter → Cooler → Engine Parts → Return to Sump
True
False
Fluid Flow Description
Simplified flow path of the lubricating oil system:
For 2-stroke cylinder lubrication (separate system):
Cylinder Oil Tank → Lubricator → Quills → Cylinder Liner → Return to Sump
True
False
Cylinder Lubricating Oil
Purpose: Lubricates the cylinder liner, piston rings, and piston skirt to reduce wear, neutralize acids from combustion, and provide a sealing effect.
True
False
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Cylinder Lubricating Oil - Main Components: (choose all the correct answers)
Cylinder Lubricator
Lubrication Quills
Timing Mechanism
Control Unit / Feed Rate Controller
Lubricating Oil Sump
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Cylinder Lubricating Oil - Main Components:
Cylinder Lubricator: (choose the correct definition)
A device that pumps oil into the cylinder at the right time.
Small nozzles that spray oil inside the cylinder liner.
Controls when and how much oil is injected based on engine speed/load.
Adjusts the amount of oil sent to each cylinder.
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Cylinder Lubricating Oil - Main Components:
Lubrication Quills: (choose the correct definition)
A device that pumps oil into the cylinder at the right time.
Small nozzles that spray oil inside the cylinder liner.
Controls when and how much oil is injected based on engine speed/load.
Adjusts the amount of oil sent to each cylinder.
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Cylinder Lubricating Oil - Main Components:
(choose the correct component): Controls when and how much oil is injected based on engine speed/load.
Cylinder Lubricator
Lubrication Quills
Timing Mechanism
Control Unit / Feed Rate Controller
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Cylinder Lubricating Oil - Main Components:
(choose the correct component): Adjusts the amount of oil sent to each cylinder.
Cylinder Lubricator
Lubrication Quills
Timing Mechanism
Control Unit / Feed Rate Controller
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil)
-Used in both 2-stroke (for bearings, crosshead, etc.) and 4-stroke engines
True
False
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Cylinder Lubricating Oil
-Key Features: (choose all the correct answers)
High Acid Number
Injected in large amounts
Partially consumed
Additive-rich
Delivered by timed quills
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil)
-Key Features: (choose all the correct answers)
Lower Base Number
Open-loop system
Used for cooling as well
Cleanliness-critical
Larger volume
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components: (choose all the correct answers)
Lubricating Oil Sump (Drain Tank)
Lubricating Oil Pump
Oil Cooler (Heat Exchanger)
Oil Filter
Lubrication Quills
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components:
-Lubricating Oil Sump (Drain Tank): (choose the correct function)
A storage tank where used oil collects after circulating.
Pushes oil through the system to all engine parts.
Removes dirt, metal bits, and other particles from the oil.
Lowers the oil temperature before it goes into the engine.
Checks if oil is at the right pressure and temperature.
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components:
-Lubricating Oil Pump: (choose the correct function)
•Pushes oil through the system to all engine parts.
•A storage tank where used oil collects after circulating.
•Removes dirt, metal bits, and other particles from the oil.
•Lowers the oil temperature before it goes into the engine.
•Cleans the oil by removing water and sludge.
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components:
-Oil Filter: (choose the correct function)
•Removes dirt, metal bits, and other particles from the oil.
•Pushes oil through the system to all engine parts.
•A storage tank where used oil collects after circulating.
•Lowers the oil temperature before it goes into the engine.
•Cleans the oil by removing water and sludge.
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components:
-Oil Cooler (Heat Exchanger): (choose the correct function)
•Lowers the oil temperature before it goes into the engine.
•Removes dirt, metal bits, and other particles from the oil.
•Pushes oil through the system to all engine parts.
•A storage tank where used oil collects after circulating.
•Checks if oil is at the right pressure and temperature.
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components:
(choose the correct component): Carry oil to parts like bearings and pistons.
Distribution Pipes and Jets
Monitoring Sensors (Pressure/Temperature)
Purifiers (Centrifuges)
Lubricating Oil Pumps
Lubricating Oil Sumps (Drain Tanks)
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components:
(choose the correct component): Check if oil is at the right pressure and temperature.
Monitoring Sensors (Pressure/Temperature)
Distribution Pipes and Jets
Purifiers (Centrifuges)
Lubricating Oil Pumps
Oil Coolers (Heat Exchanger)
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Engine System Oil (Crankcase/System Oil) - Main Components:
(choose the correct component): Cleans the oil by removing water and sludge.
Purifier (Centrifuge)
Monitoring Sensor (Pressure/Temperature)
Distribution Pipe and Jet
Oil Cooler (Heat Exchanger)
Oil Filter
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Base Number (BN): High (70–100)
Cylinder Lubricating Oil
Engine System Oil
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Supply Mechanism: Continuous pump-driven flow
Cylinder Lubricating Oil
Engine System Oil
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Key Functions: Cylinder Lubricating Oil
Lubrication, sealing, acid neutralization
Lubrication, cooling, cleaning
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Acid Neutralization: Engine System Oil
Yes (due to fuel combustion)
No (not exposed to combustion)
Distinguishing Features and Components of the System
Reusability: Yes (recirculated)
Cylinder Lubricating Oil
Engine System Oil
Implication of Out-of-Range Parameters
Parameter: Viscosity
Out-of-Range Effects: Low: insufficient lubrication → increased wear. High: poor circulation → overheating
True
False
Implication of Out-of-Range Parameters
Parameter: BN (Base Number)
Out-of-Range Effects: High BN in cylinder oil = acid corrosion of liner and rings
True
False
Implication of Out-of-Range Parameters
Parameter: Water content
Out-of-Range Effects:___________
Rust, emulsification, poor film strength
Low: insufficient lubrication → increased wear. High: poor circulation → overheating
Sludge, varnish, acid formation
Causes filter clogging and poor lubrication
Signs of wear: Iron (liner), Copper (bearings), Aluminum (pistons)
Implication of Out-of-Range Parameters
Parameter:_________
Out-of-Range Effects: Reduces flash point and viscosity → explosion and wear risk
Fuel dilution
Viscosity
Soot
Metal particles
BN (Base Number)
Implication of Out-of-Range Parameters
Parameter:___________
Out-of-Range Effects: Signs of wear: Iron (liner), Copper (bearings), Aluminum (pistons)
Metal particles
Soot
Viscosity
Oxidation
Fuel dilution
Implication of Out-of-Range Parameters
Parameter: Soot
Out-of-Range Effects:_____________
Causes filter clogging and poor lubrication
Rust, emulsification, poor film strength
Sludge, varnish, acid formation
Acid corrosion of liner and rings
Signs of wear: Iron (liner), Copper (bearings), Aluminum (pistons)
Choose all the consequences of Out-of-Range Parameters of lubricating oil:
Liner scuffing
Bearing seizure
Increased wear rate
Reduced efficiency
Reduced oil consumption and engine downtime
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Causes of Deterioration
Cause: Oxidation
Description: __________
Reaction with oxygen at high temperatures; forms sludge and acids.
Blow-by gases carry unburnt carbon into oil.
Detergents, dispersants, and anti-wear additives break down over time.
Repeated heating and cooling degrades oil.
Fuel dilution from incomplete combustion or leaks.
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Causes of Deterioration
Cause: ____________
Description: Repeated heating and cooling degrades oil.
Thermal Stress
Additive Depletion
Wear Metals
Contamination (Fuel)
Oxidation
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Causes of Deterioration
Cause: Contamination (Water)
Description: Fuel dilution from incomplete combustion or leaks.
True
False
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Causes of Deterioration
Cause: Additive Depletion
Description: Detergents, dispersants, and anti-wear additives break down over time.
True
False
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Causes of Deterioration
Cause: ___________
Description: Blow-by gases carry unburnt carbon into oil.
Soot and Carbon
Contamination (Fuel)
Contamination (Water)
Additive Depletion
Thermal Stress
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Types of Deterioration
Type: Physical Deterioration
Effect: ____________
Increase in viscosity, sludge formation, loss of flow properties.
Acid build-up, oxidation, additive breakdown.
Presence of water, fuel, carbon, or metal particles in oil.
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Types of Deterioration
Type:____________
Effect: Acid build-up, oxidation, additive breakdown.
Chemical Deterioration
Physical Deterioration
Contamination
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Types of Deterioration
Type: Contamination
Effect: Presence of water, fuel, carbon, or metal particles in oil.
True
False
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Effects of Deterioration
Effect: Loss of Lubrication
Consequence: _____________
Increased metal contact, wear, and potential seizure.
Blocked filters, reduced oil flow, overheating.
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Effects of Deterioration
Effect: Corrosion
Consequence: _________
Acid attack on metal surfaces (bearings, liners, crankcase).
Pressure drops, reduced circulation.
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Effects of Deterioration
Effect: ___________
Consequence: Poor lubrication and pump cavitation.
Foaming
Sludge and Deposits
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Effects of Deterioration
Effect: Reduced Oil Life
Consequence: Frequent oil changes needed, increased operating cost.
True
False
Causes, Types, and Effects of Deterioration
Effects of Deterioration
Effect: Filter Clogging
Consequence: Pressure drops, reduced circulation.
True
False
Best Practices and Monitoring
Choose all the Prevention and Control practices to maintain good quality lubricating oil:
•Regular oil analysis (TBN, viscosity, water content, wear metals).
•Timely oil purification and filtration.
•Maintain correct oil temperature and pressure.
•Use correct oil grade and follow feed rate settings.
•Immediate action on alarm or abnormal parameters.
