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Spring Biology EOC Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 3hrs 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?

a)

Fatty acids & glycerol

b)

Amino acids

c)

Nucleotides

d)

Monosaccharides

2.

What type of cells have free-floating, circular DNA and no nucleus?

a)

Eukaryote

b)

Prokaryote

c)

Autotroph

d)

Heterotroph

3.

Which process involves the movement of water across a cell membrane?

a)

Active transport

b)

Osmosis

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Cellular respiration

4.

What is the main function of enzymes in biological reactions?

a)

Store genetic information

b)

Speed up reactions by lowering energy of activation

c)

Provide structural support

d)

Transport molecules across membranes

5.

What is the process by which cells use oxygen to produce ATP energy from glucose?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Lactic acid fermentation

c)

Cellular respiration

d)

Alcoholic fermentation

6.

What is the process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment?

a)

Mitosis

b)

Homeostasis

c)

Meiosis

d)

Transcription

7.

Which type of cell contains two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent?

a)

Haploid cell

b)

Gamete

c)

Diploid cell

d)

Stem cell

8.

What is the term for a cell division process that produces two identical daughter cells?

a)

Meiosis

b)

Mitosis

c)

Crossing over

d)

Mutation

9.

What is the role of mRNA in the cell?

a)

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

b)

Synthesizes DNA from an RNA template

c)

Carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome

d)

Decodes mRNA into a protein

10.

What is the process called when homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis?

a)

Mutation

b)

Crossing over

c)

Transcription

d)

Translation

11.

Which term describes an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait?

a)

Heterozygous

b)

Homozygous

c)

Polygenic

d)

Codominant

12.

What is the gradual change in a population over time called?

a)

Mutation

b)

Natural selection

c)

Evolution

d)

Gene therapy

13.

Which term describes a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce?

a)

Geographic Isolation

b)

Innate Behavior

c)

Adaptation

d)

Cladogram

14.

What is the process in which bacteria convert nitrogen gas into compounds plants can absorb?

a)

Bioaccumulation

b)

Nitrogen Fixation

c)

Biomagnification

d)

Greenhouse Effect

15.

What is the term for the largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support?

a)

Carrying Capacity

b)

Population Limiting Factors

c)

Biodiversity

d)

Trophic Level

16.

What is the term for the accumulation of pollutants at higher levels of the food chain?

a)

Bioaccumulation

b)

Biomagnification

c)

Nitrogen Fixation

d)

Greenhouse Effect

17.
What structure in the cell contains most of the cells genetic information? 
a)
A. rough Endoplasmic Reticulum 
b)
B. mitochondria 
c)
C. nucleus 
d)
D. cytoplasm 
18.

Which of the following would keep a population from reaching its carrying capacity? (limiting factor)

a)

an increase in potential mates

b)

a decrease in parasites and disease

c)

an increase in available nutrients

d)

a decrease in habitat due to deforestation

19.

In which trophic level would there be the least amount of available energy?

a)

producers (Autotroph)

b)

primary consumers (Herbivore)

c)

secondary consumers (Carnivore)

d)

tertiary consumer (Apex Predator)

20.

Which of the following processes are part of the carbon cycle?

a)

Nitrogen Fixation & Respiration

b)

Photosynthesis & Eutrophication

c)

Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis

d)

Decomposition & Transpiration

21.

Which of the following would contribute to antibiotic-resistant bacteria becoming more common?

a)

the bacteria use the antibiotics as a food source

b)

antibiotics are not as effective as they were in the past

c)

bacteria that have a natural resistance to the antibiotics survive and pass on the trait

d)

the antibiotics caused a mutation which gave the bacteria resistance to it

22.

Two species with similar genes most likely:

a)

evolved from a common ancestor

b)

live in the same environment

c)

evolved during the same time period

d)

will have similar appearances

23.

Which of the following would result in genetically diverse offspring?

a)

mitosis

b)

fertilization

c)

binary fission

d)

budding

24.

Two identical twins were raised in different households. After reaching adulthood, one twin is taller than the other. Which of the following would cause this height difference?

a)

the environment the twins were raised in changed their traits

b)

the environment the twins were raised in affected how their genes were expressed

c)

The genes that control height were different in the twins since birth

d)

The genes controlling height changed during development

25.

A group of 100 people were found to have a range of height from 5'0" to 6'2". Which of the following would be true regarding height as a trait?

a)

Height is a sex linked trait

b)

Height is a dominant trait

c)

Height is a polygenic trait

d)

Height is not determined by genetics

26.

Males are more likely to be affected by sex linked disorders because:

a)

they have two X chromosomes

b)

they only have one X chromosome

c)

they have a Y chromosome

d)

sex linked traits do not affect females

27.

Each human blood cell has ______ pairs of chromosomes

a)

23

b)

46

28.

Most of the life of any cell is spent is this phase

a)

interphase

b)

prophae

c)

metaphase

d)

anaphase

e)

telophase

29.

Human sex cells have __________ chromosomes

a)

23

b)

46

30.

Each human blood cell has ________ chromosomes

a)

23

b)

46

31.

the new organism is IDENTICAL to the parent in

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

32.

the new organism is NOT identical to the offspring in

a)

asexual reproduction

b)

sexual reproduction

33.

makes sex cells

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

34.

makes 2 identical daughter cells

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

35.

makes cells with 1/2 the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

36.

has 4 steps

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

37.

the nucleus divides ONCE

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

38.

the nucleus divides TWICE

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

39.
a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

40.
a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

41.
a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

42.
a)

prophase

b)

metaphase

c)

anaphase

d)

telophase

43.

if a fruit fly has 8 chromosomes in the body cells, how many are in the sex cells?

a)

16

b)

8

c)

4

44.

if a turkey has 40 chromosomes in its sex cells, how many chromosomes are in its body cells?

a)

80

b)

40

c)

20

45.

Chloroplasts are...

a)

A type of pigment used for photosynthesis

b)

The location inside a plant cell where photosynthesis happens

c)

The location where cellular respiration happens

d)

Green beans

46.
The products of photosynthesis are
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and water
c)
sugar and cabon dioxide
d)
oxygen and sugar (glucose)
47.

Mitochondria are...

a)

The location in cells where photosynthesis happens

b)

Kidney beans

c)

The location in cells where cellular respiration happens

d)

A type of pigment used for cellular respiration

48.

The products of cellular respiration

a)

CO2

b)

CO2, H2O

c)

CO2, H2O, glucose

d)

CO2, H2O, ATP

49.
How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced by one is needed for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same reactants (need the same things)
d)
These 2 processes have nothing in common
50.
All cells need energy to function.  Which cell organelle is responsible for producing energy in the cell?
a)
chloroplasts
b)
mitochondria
c)
nucleus
d)
vacuoles
51.
In what part of the plant cell does the process of photosynthesis take place?
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
chloroplasts
d)
vacuoles
52.
I am a protein packaging and shipping machine! Who am I?
a)
vacuole
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondrion
d)
golgi apparatus
53.
You might think of me as the trash collector, but recycler is maybe more accurate. What am I?
a)
mitochondria
b)
lysosome
c)
vacuole
d)
ribosome
54.
What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?
a)
ER
b)
ATP
c)
YOLO
d)
DNA
55.
Where are proteins made?
a)
Golgi body
b)
Mitoichondria
c)
Chromosomes
d)
Ribosomes
56.
I am the outer most layer of an animal cell. What am I?
a)
cell wall
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane 
d)
cell skin
57.
What is the gel-like substance inside of cells called?

a)
photoplasm
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
cytoplasm
58.
Bacteria
a)
Eukaryote
b)
Prokaryote
c)
Both
59.

Which organelle provides structure and protection to plant cells?

a)

cell membrane

b)

ribosome

c)

golgi apparatus

d)

cell wall

60.

Storage space for water, wastes, food, and other cellular material

a)

mitochondria

b)

cell membrane

c)

cell wall

d)

vacuoles

61.

Where are the ribosomes attached in a cell?

a)

Smooth ER

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Rough ER

62.

What type of cell has a nucleus?

a)

eukaryotic

b)

prokaryotic

c)

neither

d)

both

63.

Plants and animal cells are examples of ___ cells

a)

prokaryotic cells

b)

eukaryotic cells

c)

both eukaryotic and prokaryotic

d)

neither

64.
One example of a prokaryote is a...
a)
fungus
b)
bacteria
c)
animal
d)
plant
65.

What is the purpose of transcription?

a)

Transferring amino acids to the ribosome.

b)

Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence.

c)

Producing a mRNA from information found in the DNA.

66.

What is the purpose of the process of translation and where does it occur?

a)

to synthesize amino acids in the nucleus

b)

to produce a specific sequence of amino acids in the ribosome

c)

to replicate the DNA of an organism in the ribosome

67.

Which DNA strand is complimentary to the one shown?


TTA CCG ACG TAG

a)

AAU GGC UGC AUC

b)

TTA CCG ACG TAG

c)

AAT GGC TGC ATC

68.

DNA replication is called semi-conservative replication because each of the new copies of DNA has one _________ strand and one _________ strand.

a)

original, new

b)

RNA, DNA

c)

original, RNA

d)

original, amino acid

69.

DNA Replication is semi-conservative so during the replication of DNA _____.

a)

Each copy of DNA has 2 new strands.

b)

Each copy of DNA has one original strand and one new strand.

c)

Each copy has 2 old strands.

70.

What is the name of the enzyme that proofreads the DNA and lays down the new DNA?

a)

DNA Ligase

b)

DNA Helicase

c)

DNA Polymerase

71.

What is this structure called

a)

Double Helix

b)

Double Felix

c)

Two Cats

d)

Single Strand

72.

What are the differences between DNA and RNA?

a)

RNA is single stranded; DNA is double stranded

b)

RNA has the base U; DNA has the base T

c)

Both

d)

Neither

73.

Name this structure.

a)

Base

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Sugar

d)

DNA

74.

Name the bases of DNA.

a)

Guanine and Cytosine

b)

Adenine

c)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

d)

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

75.

Name the bases of RNA.

a)

Guanine and Cytosine

b)

Adenine

c)

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

d)

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

76.

Transcribe the DNA to RNA:

G A C - C T A - A G T

a)

G A C - C T A - A G T

b)

C U G - G A U - U C A

c)

C T G - G A T- T C A

77.
Which do DNA and RNA have in common?
a)
Both are double stranded.
b)
Both contain ribose molecules.
c)
Both contain phosphate groups.
d)
Both contain uracil.
78.
What is Ecology?
a)
The study of Earth's Mantle
b)
The study of relationships between living things and their environment
c)
The study of humans and their impact on Earth
d)
The study of plants
79.
Identify an a example of an Abiotic Factor?
a)
Panda
b)
Turtle
c)
Butterfly
d)
Sunlight
80.

What does the dotted  line represent in this graph?
a)
Limited Factors
b)
Competition
c)
Carrying Capacity
d)
Predation
81.
In an ecosystem when a resource is competed over by multiple organisms/species, it is considered to be a _______________ resource. 
a)
Limited 
b)
Competitive
c)
Non-renewable
d)
Renewable
82.
After the first trophic level - what percentage of energy is available  to each of the following levels?
a)
100%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
8.5%
83.
What is this called?
a)
Food Web
b)
Food Chain
c)
Abiotic Factors
84.

Biodiversity, aka biological diversity, usually refers to

a)

the same species in a general location

b)

the number of different species in a given area

c)

the number of animal species in a given area

d)

the number of plant species in a given area

85.

Image "B" shows more biodiversity than image "A". Why?

a)

Because "B" shows more different species than image "A"

b)

Because image "B" has less different species than "A"

c)

"A" has a greater number of same species plants so this statement is wrong.

d)

Both images show the same biodiversity

86.

Select the answer that has the levels of ecology from broadest to narrowest. (biggest to smallest)

a)

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism

b)

Community, Organism, Population, Ecosystem, Biosphere

c)

Organism, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biosphere

87.

What is a habitat?

a)

A place where an organism lives

b)

An Ecosystem

c)

Where many things live together supporting one another

d)

A cool hat.

88.

What is a niche?

a)

A Job, or what the thing does.

b)

where the thing is located

c)

who the thing likes

d)

a tasty treat.

89.

What most likely causes variation in species?

a)

competition

b)

mutation

c)

changes during their lifetime

d)

predation

90.

Darwin's theory that species develop new traits and change over time is known as:

a)

natural selection

b)

adaptation

c)

speciation

d)

evolution

91.

If natural selection means "survival of the fittest", what does it mean to be "fit"?

a)

you can migrate to new areas

b)

you have a large territory

c)

you can reproduce and pass on your genes

d)

you have more genetic mutations

92.

If a cheetah is born with a mutation that makes it unable to run quickly, what will be the most important for it's survival?

a)

competition for social heirarchy

b)

competition for living space

c)

competition for prey and food

d)

competition for shelter

93.
Which biomolecule has sugars and starches?
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Nucleic Acid
94.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
Stores energy
b)
Stores genetic information
c)
Movement
d)
Physical structure
95.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
96.
Nucleotides are monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
97.
What are the monomers of DNA?
a)
glycerols
b)
amino acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
nucleotides
98.
Which group of biomolecules provide quick energy to organisms?
a)
proteins
b)
carbohydrates
c)
lipids
d)
nucleic acids
99.
All organic compounds contain the element
a)
carbon
b)
nitrogen
c)
phosphorus
d)
sulfur
100.
Enzymes are..
a)
nucleic acids 
b)
carbohydrates 
c)
lipids 
d)
proteins 

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