Inhalation of either oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the lower airways.

Swallowing food without chewing properly.

Coughing up mucus from the lungs.

Breathing in fresh air from the environment.

A nonspecific pulmonary response to a variety of pulmonary and nonpulmonary insults to the lung; characterized by interstitial infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, atelectasis, refractory hypoxemia, and decreased compliance.

A chronic lung disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and is not fully reversible.

An infectious disease caused by the inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, leading to lung damage.

A condition characterized by the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli, often due to heart failure.

Accumulation of purulent material in the pleural space.

Fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity.

Inflammation of the lung tissue.

Infection of the heart lining.

A mode of mechanical ventilation that provides full ventilatory support regardless of the patient's efforts.

A mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the patient’s inspiratory efforts; decreases the work of breathing.

A mode of mechanical ventilation that only assists patients who are unable to breathe on their own.

A mode of mechanical ventilation that completely takes over the patient's breathing without any effort from them.

Shortness of breath when reclining or in the supine position.

Difficulty breathing while standing upright.

Shortness of breath during physical exertion.

Breathing difficulty that occurs at night while sleeping.

Mode of mechanical ventilation that delivers a constant flow of air regardless of patient effort.

Mode of mechanical ventilation in which preset positive pressure is delivered with spontaneous breaths to decrease work of breathing.

Mode of mechanical ventilation that only provides support during exhalation.

Mode of mechanical ventilation that requires complete patient control over breathing.

A mode of mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths throughout the ventilatory cycle; on inspiration, the patient receives a preset level of continuous positive airway pressure, and pressure is periodically released to aid expiration.

A mode of ventilation that only allows controlled breaths with no spontaneous effort from the patient.

A method of ventilation that uses high-frequency oscillations to improve gas exchange.

A technique that involves the use of negative pressure to assist in lung expansion.

A device used to assist with ventilation by being inserted into the trachea.

A type of mask used for oxygen therapy.

A surgical procedure to remove the trachea.

A tube used for feeding patients directly into the stomach.

The area between the parietal and visceral pleurae; a potential space.

A fluid-filled cavity in the lungs.

The space within the thoracic cavity that contains the heart.

The area surrounding the diaphragm.

Collapse or airless condition of the alveoli caused by hypoventilation, obstruction to the airways, or compression.

A condition characterized by excessive air in the lungs leading to difficulty in breathing.

An infection of the alveoli that causes inflammation and fluid accumulation.

A chronic condition where the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to breathing difficulties.

Insertion of a needle or catheter into the pleural space to remove fluid that has accumulated and decrease pressure on the lung tissue.

A surgical procedure to remove the entire lung.

A diagnostic test to measure lung capacity.

A method to administer medication directly into the bloodstream.

Surgical opening into the trachea.

Procedure to remove the tonsils.

Incision made in the abdomen.

Insertion of a tube into the bladder.

Surgical opening into the chest cavity.

A type of heart surgery.

A procedure to remove lung tissue.

An operation to repair a fractured rib.

A mode of mechanical ventilation where the patient can breathe spontaneously without assistance.

Also referred to as assist–control (A/C) ventilation; mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient’s breathing pattern may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume or set pressure.

A type of ventilation that only allows for pressure support without any mandatory breaths.

A mode of ventilation that is exclusively used for patients who are fully conscious and breathing normally.

A condition characterized by chronic respiratory failure.

An umbrella term for hypoxemic respiratory failure; equivalent to mild acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

A type of lung cancer that affects the alveoli.

A genetic disorder affecting lung function.

The use of a chest tube and closed drainage system to re-expand the lung and to remove excess air, fluid, or blood.

A method to administer medication directly into the chest cavity.

A technique for performing open-heart surgery.

A procedure to diagnose lung cancer through biopsy.

Concentration of oxygen delivered (e.g., 1.0 = 100% oxygen).

Percentage of carbon dioxide in the air.

Amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere.

Level of humidity in the air.

Process of gradual, systematic withdrawal or removal of ventilator, breathing tube, and oxygen.

Immediate cessation of all respiratory support.

A method to increase oxygen levels in the blood quickly.

A technique used to enhance lung capacity through exercise.

A condition where air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure.

A type of pneumothorax that is characterized by increasing positive pressure in the pleural space with each breath; this is an emergency situation, and the positive pressure needs to be decompressed or released immediately.

A mild form of pneumothorax that resolves on its own without intervention.

A condition caused by fluid accumulation in the pleural space, leading to respiratory distress.