“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.’” —Martin Luther King, Jr. Washington, D.C., 1963

What was the immediate effect of Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech? 

Which of the following best describes an interpretation of the overall trend in the graph of United States crude oil consumption between 1970 and 1980 ?

The following excerpt is from a 1973 New York Times article:

“HARTFORD, Dec 27 — “Some of the customers get all hot and heavy,” [Exxon gas station service attendant Grant] McMillan said. “They scream up and down.... It’s ridiculous. The scene is a familiar one in Connecticut as service station managers find themselves having to decide whether to ration their gasoline or sell it as fast as they can and cut the number of arguments.”

What long-term consequences, if any, did the situation described in the excerpt have in the US?

Which of the following statements is true upon analyzing the Map?

Based off of the above picture what was the purpose of SDI?

"We will stay (in Vietnam) because a just nation cannot leave to the cruelties of its enemies a people who have staked their lives and independence on America's solemn pledge -- a pledge which had grown through the commitment of three American presidents.

    "We will stay because in Asia -- and around the world -- are countries whose independence rests, in large measure, on confidence in America's word and in American protection. To yield to force in Vietnam would weaken that confidence, would undermind the independence of many lands, and would whet the appetite of aggression. We would have to fight in one land, and then we would have to fight in another and another -- or abandon much of Asia to the domination of Communists." Lyndon B. Johnson, State of the Union Message, January 12, 1966.

 Lyndon Johnson's foreign policy position for Vietnam is most directly based on

Responses

What trend is apparent with the poverty rate under President Johnson's term (1963-1969)?

"The problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women. It was a strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered in the middle of the twentieth century in the United States. Each suburban wife struggled with it alone. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipcover material, ate peanut butter sandwiches with her children, chauffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies, lay beside her husband at night — she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question — "Is this all?" Betty Friedan (1963)

The following excerpt is best represented by 

Which conclusion is supported by the information provided on this map?

"Why is it that in the twelve years that have passed since the end of World War II, the United States which was so far in the lead has been losing its lead to the Russians...

    "Our people have been led to believe in the enormous fallacy that the highest purpose of the American social order is to multiply the enjoyment of consumer goods. As a result, our public institutions, particularly those having to do with education and research, have been... scandalously underfunded and underachieved.

    "With prosperity acting as a narcotic... our public life has been increasingly doped and without purpose. With the President in a kind of partial retirement... we drift, with no one to state our purposes and to make policy." Walter Lippmann, journalist, essay written six days after Sputnik, October 1957.

Which of the following took the most criticism after the shocking success of Soveit's Sputnik?

What happened to the number of women earning doctors or equivalent degrees between 1960 and 1980?

What does this picture have to do with Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)?

“I believe I speak for all of the people of the United States when I say that disloyal and radical elements must be removed from working for the Federal Government. We must not, however, permit employees of the Federal Government to be labeled as disloyal or potentially disloyal to their Government when no valid basis exists for arriving at such a conclusion. The overwhelming majority of Federal employees are loyal citizens who are giving conscientiously of their energy and skills to the United States. I do not want them to fear they are the objects of any ‘witch hunt.’ . . . Rumor, gossip, or suspicion will not be sufficient to lead to the dismissal of an employee for disloyalty.” President Harry Truman, statement on the government’s employee loyalty program, 1947

Which of the following best describes the historical situation that led to the loyalty program described by President Truman?

This political cartoon is a representation of Carter's greeatest political achievement? 

“I will not accept the excuse that the federal government has grown so big and powerful that it is beyond the control of any president, any administration or Congress. We are going to put an end to the notion that the American taxpayer exists to fund the federal government. The federal government exists to serve the American people.... We are taxing ourselves into economic exhaustion and stagnation, crushing our ability and incentive to save, invest, and produce. This must stop.” Ronald Reagan, speech accepting the Republican Party’s nomination for president, 1980

Reagan’s administration implemented the ideas expressed in the excerpt by

What can be interpreted by the quote from Malcolm X in the picture?

What influenced the attached picture?

The state of American Education was found to be very bad. "What was unimaginable a generation ago has begun to occur - others are matching and surpassing our educational attainments" (5). Some findings of this report show that the risks are that "Some 23 million American adults are functionally illiterate by the simplest test of everyday reading, writing, and comprehension. About 13 percent of all 17-year-olds in the United States can be considered functionally illiterate" (8). The problem was cited as often being in the way that the educational process itself was being conducted. "Compared to other nations, American students spend much less time on school work" (21).

What report from the 1980s could you find the above excerpt found in?

“No voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure shall be imposed or applied by any State or political subdivision to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color.” — Section 2, Voting Rights Act of 1965

The specific goal stated in this section of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was to

 “For each of us, as for the robin in Michigan or the salmon in the Columbia River, this is a problem of ecology, of interrelationships, of interdependence. We poison the caddis flies in the stream and the salmon runs dwindle and die. . . . We spray our elms and the following springs are silent of robin song, not because we sprayed the robins directly but because the poison traveled, step by step, through the now familiar elm leaf-earthworm-robin cycle. These are matters of record, observable, part of the visible world around us.” Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962

Carson’s argument in the excerpt most strongly influenced the

"Take action to bring women into full participation in the mainstream of American society now, exercising all the privileges and responsibilities thereof in truly equal partnership with men."

What political group is best represented by the quote?

 Which of the following statements is supported by the chart? 

"Nevertheless, on May 18, 1969, the U.S. military, under direct orders from President Nixon, bombed Cambodia. The entire operation was codenamed Operation Menu, and its first set of bombings were named Breakfast. After the Breakfast bombings were hailed a success by the White House, Nixon privately shared his belief that, “We should let them have it again…crack the hell out of them…” The Nixon administration secretly ordered more bombings, without the consent of Congress. Air raids, codenamed Lunch, Snack, Dinner, Supper, and Dessert, followed the Breakfast bombings and concluded Operation Menu. Nixon’s fatal decision to bomb Cambodia and his struggle to keep it a secret would have disastrous domestic and foreign consequences, ones that would plague two nations-Cambodia and the U.S. for many years."  

Based on the excerpt, how did Congress eventually react to President Nixon taking measure he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia?

The following excerpts are the lyrics of a popular song:

"Well come on Wall Street don't be slow,

Why man this war is go go go,

There's plenty good money to be made,

By supplying the army with the tools of the trade,

Just hope and pray that if they drop the bomb

They drop it on the Vietcong.

And its 1, 2, 3, what are we fighting for?

Don't ask me why I don't give a damn,

The next stop is Vietnam...

Well come on generals let's move fast,

Your big chance is come at last,

Gotta go out and get those reds,

The only good commie is one that's dead,

And you know that peace can only be won,

When you blow them alll to kingdom come"

Country Joe and the Fish, "I Feel Like I'm Fixin' to Die Rag," 1965.

Although the song "I Feel Like I'm Fixin' to Die Rag" was written and first performed in 1965, it did not achieve great popularity until several years later, most notably in 1969, when it was performed twice at the Woodstock Music and Art Fair. An important reason that this song had become much more popular by 1969 was a result of the:

Responses

“The oath that I have taken is the same oath that was taken by George Washington and by every President under the Constitution. But I assume the Presidency under extraordinary circumstances never before experienced by Americans. This is an hour of history that troubles our minds and hurts our hearts.

“I am acutely aware that you have not elected me as your President by your ballots, and so I ask you to confirm me as your President with your prayers. . . .

“I believe that truth is the glue that holds government together, not only our Government but civilization itself. That bond, though strained, is unbroken at home and abroad.

“In all my public and private acts as your President, I expect to follow my instincts of openness and candor with full confidence that honesty is always the best policy in the end. My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over.” President Gerald Ford, Remarks on Taking the Oath of Office, 1974

The remarks in the excerpt were most likely given in response to which of the following?

“When anyone studies a little or pays a little attention to the rules of Islamic government, Islamic politics, Islamic society and Islamic economy he will realize that Islam is a very political religion. Anyone who will say that religion is separate from politics is a fool; he does not know Islam or politics.”

After reading the excerpt, what did Ayatollah Khomeini want Iran to become?

"This investigation began as an effort to discover the facts about the break-in and bugging of the Democratic National Headquarters and other campaign abuses. But as the weeks have gone by, it has become clear that both the hearings themselves and some of the commentaries on them have become increasingly absorbed in an effort to implicate the President personally in the illegal activities that took place. Because the abuses occurred during my Administration, and in the campaign for my reelection, I accept full responsibility for them. I regret that these events took place, and I do not question the right of a Senate committee to investigate charges made against the President to the extent that this is relevant to legislative duties."

Based on this excerpt, what scandal has occured? 

According to the graph above, the largest decrease in the percent of Americans living below the poverty line accompanied which of the following federal policy initiatives?

“You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak to an attorney, and to have an attorney present during any questioning. If you cannot afford a lawyer, one will be provided for you at government expense”

This excerpt expanded the rights of those accused of a crime and became law as a result of which court case? 

“Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free. When all are free, then we can look forward to that day when this city will be joined as one and this country and this great continent of Europe in a peaceful and hopeful globe. When that day finally comes, as it will, the people of West Berlin can take sober satisfaction in the fact that they were in the front lines for almost two decades. All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words ‘Ich bin ein Berliner.’” President John Kennedy, speech in West Berlin, West Germany, 1963

Kennedy’s strategies expressed in the excerpt have the most in common with which of the following?

The following lyrics are from the 1962 song “Little Boxes” by Malvina Reynolds:

“Little boxes on the hillside,
Little boxes all the same.
There's a green one and a pink one
And a blue one and a yellow one,
And they're all made out of ticky tacky
And they all look just the same.
And the people in the houses
All went to the university,
Where they were put in boxes
And they came out all the same.”

What impact, if any, did the growth of suburb have on racial tensions in the United States?

The changes shown in the chart were most directly the result of the

The chart above illustrates the effect of President Richard Nixon’s policy betwen 1969-1972 of

The above picture is a symbolic end to what?

“There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate! Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” –President Ronald Reagan, June 12, 1987

President Reagan was calling for the end of the

What is the is the name given to a period of improved and relaxed relations between the United States and the Soviet Union which was demonstrated by President Nixon’s visit to the Soviet Union in 1972?

What economic sitution is best described by the chart below and can be associated with Nixon's Presidency?

(College students in Boston march against the Vietnam War, October 16, 1965.)

Which of the following developments is the most direct effect of the situation portrayed in the image?

“[T]his administration is motivated by a political philosophy that sees the greatness of America in you, her people, and in your families, churches, neighborhoods, communities—the institutions that foster and nourish values like concern for others and respect for the rule of law under God.

“Now, I don’t have to tell you that this puts us in opposition to . . . a prevailing attitude of many who have turned to a modern-day non-relgious society, discarding the tried and time-tested values upon which our very civilization is based. . . . And while they proclaim that they’re freeing us from superstitions of the past, they’ve taken upon themselves the job of controlling us by a big government.” President Ronald Reagan, speech to the National Association of Evangelicals, 1983

The excerpt most directly reflects which of the following trends of the 1980s?

Responses

• The religious diversity of the Republican Party’s supporters

“Wherever I went to speak…I told them about…how we had no benefits, no minimum wage, nothing out in the fields- no restrooms, nothing…I said, “Well! Do you think we should be putting up with this in this modern age?...We can stand up! We can talk back!...This country is very rich, and we want a share of the money those growers make (off) our sweat and our work by exploiting us and our children!” Jessie Lopez de la Cruz, 1965.

What event was used to fight for the issues in this excerpt?

"In countless ways, our environment is affected by the production, distribution, and use of energy. Some of these--for example, the need to control oil tanker pollution and the need to restrict plutonium technology--I have already discussed in specific messages to the Congress. Others are implicit in my energy proposals, since the act of reversing our present wasteful energy practices will itself have many benefical  consequences for the environment. The transition to renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, must be made. But it will take time. Meanwhile we should satisfy our energy needs from existing sources, both fossil and nuclear, in a safe and environmentally acceptable way. In particular, my Energy Plan outlined a number of steps this Administration will take to deal with domestic nuclear safety and spent fuel storage: an improved inspection program; mandatory reporting of all mishaps and failures; development of improved siting criteria; a review of the entire licensing process; and a review of the Energy Research and Development Administration's radioactive waste management program. The decisions we make about energy in the next few years will influence the environment of our country for generations."

Which presidents best supported the overall message of this excerpt with signigicant legislation and actions? 

“We know through painful experience that freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed. Frankly, I have yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was ‘well timed’ in the view of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. . . . We must come to see, with one of our distinguished jurists, that ‘justice too long delayed is justice denied.’ We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jet-like speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse-and-buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.” Martin Luther King, Jr., African American leader, “Letter from Birmingham Jail,” 1963

In noting that he had “yet to engage in a direct-action campaign that was ‘well timed,’” Martin Luther King, Jr., was most likely arguing against

Jimmy Carter would say later, "No matter who was with me, we watched the big grandfather clock by the door." Time was running out, for it was Tuesday, January 20, 1981. The scene was the Oval Office. In just hours this president would leave it for good, and a new leader, Ronald Reagan, would move in. As the clock ticked the time away, Carter tried to resolve a crisis that had almost destroyed his presidency. He was close, very close, and as he said, "At stake were the lives of 52 precious human beings who had been imprisoned in Iran for 444 days–and almost 12 billion dollars of Iranian assets."

What event was Jimmy Carter talking about?

Responses

“Answer: When it’s used in Levittown, the most perfectly planned community in America!

“Anybody can build a house and charge a lot of money for it. But it’s news—big news—when you can find a house . . . to buy for only $8,990. It’s a beauty with 3 and a half delightful rooms.

“PLUS professionally landscaped grounds. . . .

“PLUS a complete bath with a tub, toilet, shower, basin . . .

“PLUS . . . all-steel kitchen cabinets, a stainless steel sink . . .

“PLUS free use of Levittown’s championship swimming pools,

“PLUS free use of all playgrounds, baseball fields, play areas. . . .

“So if you don’t want to be disappointed, come out as soon as you can—today if possible.”

Advertisement for Levitt and Sons housing development in Levittown, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1951

The ideas in the advertisement most likely had limited appeal for which of the following groups?

Which segment of society has the greatest % of people with incomes greater than $100,000?

What Historical event contributed to this?

The United States created the Marshall Plan (1947) as a program to

“Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal.

“Reaction to last summer’s disorders has quickened the movement and deepened the division. . . .

“Segregation and poverty have created in the racial ghetto a destructive environment totally unknown to most white Americans.

“What white Americans have never fully understood—but what the Negro can never forget—is that white society is deeply implicated in the ghetto. White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it.

“It is time now to turn with all the purpose at our command to the major unfinished business of this nation.

. . . It is time to make good the promises of American democracy to all citizens.” Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, also known as the Kerner Commission, 1968

What event in the 1950s most likely led to the publication of this cartoon?

“We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans–born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage–and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.... To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required–not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.” – President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961

Which foreign policy action by President Kennedy was intended to relieve the human suffering described in this quotation?

Looking at the above picture, whats was Nixon's visit to China a great example of?

The Cuban Missile Crisis was effectively ended when the?

“[Ronald] Reagan had won the 1980 election in a dramatic fashion, setting the stage for what many on the right were hoping would be a new era of Republican rule and conservative dominance. . . .

“. . . President Reagan . . . stated the problem as he saw it: ‘Our government is too big and it spends too much.’ In addition, Reagan worried that American international power had waned since the Vietnam War. The nation, he said, was scared about standing tough against communism.

“Ultimately, what would come to be known as the Reagan Revolution met with mixed results. Successful as a campaign platform in 1980 and 1984, Reagan’s antigovernment and anti-Communist ideology was hard to translate into a lasting shift to the right in American politics and policy in the popular mind-set.” Meg Jacobs and Julian E. Zelizer, historians, Conservatives in Power: The Reagan Years, 1981–1989: A Brief History with Documents, published in 2010

As characterized by the excerpt, all of the following were goals of the Reagan administration EXCEPT

"It is believed that a trial of Richard Nixon, if it became necessary, could not fairly begin until a year or more has elapsed. In the meantime, the tranquility to which this nation has been restored by the events of recent weeks could be irreparably lost by the prospects of bringing to trial a former President of the United States. The prospects of such trial will cause prolonged and divisive debate over the propriety of exposing to further punishment and degradation a man who has already paid the unprecedented penalty of relinquishing the highest elective office of the United States."

Based of the excerpt, what did President Ford eventually do?

“Now, we can see a new world coming into view....In the words of Winston Churchill, a world order in which ‘the principles of justice and fair play protect the weak against the strong....’ A world where the United Nations...is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations. The Gulf War put this new world to its first test. And my fellow Americans, we passed that test.” President George H. W. Bush, address to Congress, March 6, 1991

Which of the following events most directly led to President Bush believing that a new “world order” was emerging?

Which segment of society has the lowest amount of people making less than $15,000 a year?

What can we infer about the current trends of this graph?

"The black man forfeits his opportunity to speak forcefully and clearly for his race, and he justifies this in terms of expediency. Thus, when one talks of a 'Negro Establishment' in most places in this country, one is talking of an Establishment resting on a white power base; of hand-picked blacks whom that base projects as showpieces out front. These 'black leaders' are, then, only as powerful as their white kingmakers will permit them to be. This is no less true of the North than the South..." Stokely Carmichael, Black Power: The Politics of Liberation in America, 1967.

 Which of the following organizations would agree with the sentiments of Stokely Carmichael?

The cartoon below best represents what social change issue?

"Women’s libbers do not speak for the majority of American women. American women do not want to be liberated from husbands and children. We do not want to trade our birthright of the special privileges of American women—for the Equal Rights Amendment.“Modern technology and opportunity have not discovered any nobler or more satisfying or more creative career for a woman than marriage and motherhood. The wonderful advantage that American women have is that we can have all the rewards of that number-one career, and still moonlight with a second one to suit our intellectual, cultural, or financial tastes or needs.” Phyllis Schlafly, “What’s Wrong with ‘Equal Rights’ for Women?,” 1972

The ideas expressed in the excerpt are most closely aligned with which of the following broader historical developments?

“Balanced against this are the facts that Russia, as opposed to the western world in general, is still by far the weaker party, that Soviet policy is highly flexible, and that Soviet society may well contain deficiencies which will eventually weaken its own total potential. This would of itself warrant the United States entering with reasonable confidence upon a policy of firm containment, designed to confront the Russians with unalterable counter-force at every point where they show signs of encroaching upon the interests of a peaceful and stable world.” George Kennan, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,”Foreign Affairs, July 1947

In this passage, George Kennan is suggesting that the United States should

Which of the following was a reason for the patterns depicted on the map?

“What if free people could live secure in the knowledge that their security did not rest upon the threat of instant U.S. retaliation to deter a Soviet attack, that we could intercept and destroy strategic ballistic missiles before they reached our own soil or that of our allies?” I call upon the scientific community in our country, those who gave us nuclear weapons, to turn their great talents now to the cause of mankind and world peace, to give us the means of rendering these nuclear weapons obsolete.”

Which president gave this speech?

“We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans–born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage–and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.... To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required–not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.” – President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961

According to this quotation, President Kennedy wanted to“We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans–born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage–and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.... To those people in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required–not because the communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.” – President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961

According to this quotation, President Kennedy wanted to

The following lyrics are from the 1962 song “Little Boxes” by Malvina Reynolds:

“Little boxes on the hillside,
Little boxes all the same.
There's a green one and a pink one
And a blue one and a yellow one,
And they're all made out of ticky tacky
And they all look just the same.
And the people in the houses
All went to the university,
Where they were put in boxes
And they came out all the same.”

Which of the following statements best describes Reynolds’ attitudes attitude towards the growth of suburbs?

Between 1946 and 1954, the House Committee on Un-American Activities and Senator Joseph McCarthy attracted public attention by investigating

“The Great Society rests on abundance and liberty for all. It demands an end to poverty and racial injustice, to which we are totally committed in our time. But that is just the beginning. The Great Society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich his mind and to enlarge his talents. So I want to talk to you today about three places where we begin to build the Great Society — in our cities, in our countryside, and in our classrooms. For better or for worse, your generation has been appointed by history to deal with those problems and to lead America toward a new age. 

So, will you join in the battle to give every citizen the full equality which God enjoins and the law requires, whatever his belief, or race, or the color of his skin? Will you join in the battle to give every citizen an escape from the crushing weight of poverty?” President Lyndon Johnson, commencement address at the University of Michigan, May, 22, 1964.

President Johnson's address reveals that American politics continued to be dominated by which of the following trends?

“Current lunch counter sit-ins and other demonstrations are concerned with something much bigger than a hamburger.... Whatever may be the difference in approach to their goal... students, North and South, are seeking to rid America of discrimination—not only at lunch counters, but in every aspect of life.” Ella Baker, Woolworth's Lunch Counter, Greensboro, North Carolina. 1960.

The tactics described in the excerpt best represent which of the following strategies?