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8th Gr Earth Science Final

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 5hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Minus the air in this picture, this image best describes which connection?

a)

Atmosphere-Biosphere

b)

Hydrosphere-Atmosphere

c)

Hydrosphere-Geosphere

d)

Geosphere-Biosphere

2.
Water evaporating from the surface of a lake moves from the...
a)
Atmosphere to the geosphere 
b)
Geosphere to the hydrosphere 
c)
Hydrosphere to the atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere to the hydrosphere 
3.

Which one is an example of Atmosphere and Geosphere?

a)

A volcano erupts adding Carbon Dioxide to the air.

b)

Air temperature impacts the evaporation of lakes and streams.

c)

Plants use essential elements such as water, carbon and nitrogen from the soil.

4.
When living things breathe, they interact with which of Earth's spheres? 
a)
Geosphere 
b)
Hydrosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Biosphere 
5.

How would earth be different if there was NO water vapor in the air? How would it affect Earth’s temperature? ​

a)

Temperatures would become both extremely hot and extremely cold at various times, because the water cycle would no longer regulate the temperatures of the spheres.

b)

Temperatures would become extremely hot and stay that way, because the water cycle would no longer regulate the temperatures of the spheres.

c)

Temperatures would become extremely cold and stay that way, because the water cycle would no longer regulate the temperatures of the spheres.

6.

How is the hydrosphere integrated into the atmosphere and geosphere? In other words, how is the hydrosphere “included” in the atmosphere and geosphere?​ Choose all of the examples below.

a)

Springs and aquifers

b)

Dust storms

c)

Rain clouds and precipitation

d)

Frozen rivers and lakes

e)

Water pumped from underground for irrigation

7.
What are the two types of crust?
a)
top crust,bottom crust
b)
oceanic crust, continental crust
c)
water,land
d)
none of the above 
8.
_________ is the thickest layer of the Earth. 
a)
Inner Core
b)
Outer Core
c)
Crust 
d)
Mantle
9.
Pressure ______________________ as you go deeper into the Earth
a)
increases
b)
decreases 
c)
goes up or down depending on the layer
d)
stays the same
10.

Which of the following is the correct order of the sublayers as you go deeper through the Earth?

a)

Lithosphere, Mesosphere, Asthenosphere

b)

Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere

c)

Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Lithosphere

d)

Mesosphere, Lithosphere, Asthenosphere

11.
Which of these two layers is a solid?
a)
innercore
b)
Outercore
12.
Which type of rock forms from extreme heat and pressure?
a)
Igneous
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Organic
d)
Metamorphic
13.
A metamorphic rock changes into an igneous rock by what two processes?
a)
Melting and cooling
b)
Extreme heat and pressure
c)
Compaction and cementation
d)
Weathering and erosion
14.
This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
15.
This rock started as lava that cooled and then was heated and put under pressure over time. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentar
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
16.

What type of rock can be described as being intrusive and extrusive?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

17.

What type of rock can be described as being foliated or non-foliated?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

18.

What type of rock can be described as being clastic , organic (biological) , or chemical?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

19.
This rock was molten magma that slowly cooled under the ground. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentar
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
20.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
21.

The color of a rock is a result of its chemical composition?

a)

True

b)

False

22.
How a mineral reflects light from its surface
a)
crystal
b)
luster
c)
streak
d)
refraction
23.
The property of splitting easily along flat surfaces
a)
fracture
b)
hardness
c)
cleavage
d)
streak
24.
The color of a minerals powder
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
hardness
d)
texture
25.
A ranking of a minerals from softest to hardest
a)
streak test
b)
luster test
c)
Mohs hardness scale
d)
fracture
26.
Minerals are the building blocks of _____________.
a)
elements
b)
atoms
c)
fossils
d)
rocks
27.
The softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness scale
a)
Gypsum
b)
Talc
c)
Diamond
d)
Feldspar
28.
By definition, a mineral has which of the following characteristic(s)?
a)
definite chemical composition
b)
crystal structure
c)
naturally occuring
d)
all of the above
29.
How do you test the hardness of a mineral? 
a)
Throw it against a wall
b)
Step on it
c)
Scratch Test
d)
Kick it until it breaks
30.
What mineral is salt?
a)
quartz
b)
sulfur
c)
halite
d)
calcite
31.
A mineral's resistance to being scratched is called?
a)
streak
b)
luster
c)
hardness
d)
heft
32.
The process that breaks down rocks and other materials on Earth's surface is called
a)
Weathering
b)
Erosion
33.

Which of the following is the most effective agent of erosion?

a)

Wind

b)

Water

c)

Glaciers

d)

Gravity

34.

A stream moving at high speed with a high discharge can carry much __________________ sediments then a slow moving stream.

a)

Larger

b)

Smaller

c)

more rounded

35.

All of the land that drains into the river either directly or through its tributaries is known as a?

a)

River

b)

Water table

c)

Flood Plain

d)

Water shed

36.

All of the following cause weathering EXCEPT

a)

water

b)

glaciers

c)

plants

d)

volcano eruptions

37.

What is the process of moving sediments from location to another?

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

Weathering

d)

Compaction

38.

Which of these is an example of erosion?

a)

Light shinning onto a mountain

b)

Rain breaking down rock

c)

Wind blowing away sediment

d)

All of the above

39.
What is the process that picks up and moves weathered rocks?
a)
Erosion
b)
Landslide
c)
Weathering
40.

Equilibrium between continental crust and the denser mantle below it.

a)

Compression

b)

Equilibrium

c)

Isostasy

d)

Uplift

41.

Upward vertical motion of Earth's surface.

a)

mountain

b)

isostasy

c)

uplift

d)

subsidence

42.

Downward vertical motion of Earth's surface.

a)

uplift

b)

isostasy

c)

strain

d)

subsidence

43.

Deep underwater trough created by one plate sub-ducting under another plate at a convergent plate boundary.

a)

ocean trench

b)

canyon

c)

mountain

d)

transform fault

44.

Area where tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other.

a)

convergent fault

b)

transform fault

c)

divergent fault

d)

fault zone

45.

Ocean trenches formed along lines where two plates (a)   under the water.

(Make sure the word is spelled correctly and is ALL lower case)

46.

The Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States are rounded and have soil where trees can grow. The Rocky Mountains in the western United States are rugged and have much rock exposed.

Therefore, the Rocky Mountains are _________ and have experienced ________ erosion.

a)

older, less

b)

older, more

c)

younger, less

d)

younger, more

47.

—What is magma?

a)

molten rock under the ground

b)

molten rock on the surface of the earth

c)

molten rock on the moon

48.

What is Viscosity ?

a)

internal resistance to flow

b)

how dense something is compared to another substance

c)

the type of magma

49.

The Hawaiian Islands - Kilauea is an example of a

a)

Shield volcano

b)

cinder cone volcano

c)

Composite volcano

50.

These volcanoes are steep sided and generally small

(less than 500 meters high). They are formed when material ejected high into the air falls back to Earth and piles up around the vent.

a)

Cinder cone

b)

Shield

c)

Composite or Strato

51.

—EXAMPLES: Mount St. Helens and Mount Rainier of the Cascade Range in North America.

a)

composite or strato

b)

cinder cone

c)

shield

52.

The larger belt of convergent boundary volcanoes is called

a)

the ring of fire

b)

the horseshoe of fire

c)

the belt on fire

53.

What is an earthquake’s epicenter?

a)

the place on the surface directly above the focus

b)

a spot halfway between the focus and the surface

c)

the spot below the focus

d)

any spot along the nearest fault

54.

What is a fault?

a)

a place on Earth where earthquakes cannot occur

b)

a fracture in Earth where movement has occurred

c)

the place on Earth’s surface where structures move during an earthquake

d)

another name for an earthquake

55.

A seismogram shows that P waves travel

a)

at the same speed as surface waves

b)

more slowly than S waves.

c)

at the same speed as S waves

d)

faster than S waves.

56.

A travel-time graph can be used to find the

a)

focus of an earthquake.

b)

strength of an earthquake

c)

damage caused by an earthquake

d)

epicenter of an earthquake.

57.

Where do most earthquakes occur?

a)

in the mountains of Africa

b)

around the edge of the Pacific Ocean

c)

around the edge of the Atlantic Ocean

d)

on the western lowlands of Europe

58.

What measurement for earthquake do scientists use most often today?

a)

seismic scale

b)

Richter scale

c)

moment magnitude scale

d)

epicenter magnitude scale

59.

Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rock on slopes to move and cause a

a)

fault

b)

landslide

c)

tsunami

d)

sinkhole

60.

What is the relative age of a rock?

a)

The age determined by the things around it.

b)

The age of an igneous rock.

c)

The age determined by radioactive dating.

d)

The time it takes for 1/2 of the radioactive atoms to decay in an element.

61.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
62.

Trilobites can be found in both rocky places and marine areas on Earth, even though they are marine animals. How can we use trilobites fossils to show that changes have occurred over time?

a)

Trilobite fossils are in both rocky and marine areas proving that Earth has changed by natural processes.

b)

Trilobites actually show that nothing ever changes

c)

Natural processes no longer occur so trilobites show nothing

d)

Trilobites are compressed so much by natural processes that they only show in marine places

63.

Where would law of superposition be more useful than radioactive dating?

a)

used to tell which hill peak is the nearest

b)

used to tell the exact age of your family

c)

used to tell which layer of sedimentary rock in the grand canyon is the oldest

d)

used to tell whether two animals that lived in different continents are related

64.

A cave explorer found a bunch of Megalodon sharks teeth in a cave in the middle of the Arizona Desert. What best explains why he would discover shark fossils here?

a)

Megalodons would hunt their prey on the surface as well the ocean

b)

Megalodons were known to fly

c)

Millions of years ago Arizona was under water. Over time the Earth changed, the ocean became a desert, and the shark's teeth were fossilized.

d)

Megalodons love Arizona, and go there to retire

65.

Look at the reference image. Which combination accurately portrays the correct age order?

a)

B is higher so it is OLDER than D

b)

C is older than E, even though it is FOLDING upwards

c)

G is older than all the other layers

d)

A is higher, so is OLDEST layer

66.

What is the oldest organism on the geologic time scale?

a)

primitive horses

b)

sea scorpions

c)

giant insects

d)

trilobites

67.

How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?

a)

2019 years old

b)

3.6 billion years old

c)

4.6 billion years old

d)

4.6 million years old

68.

Which organisms are the most recent (closest to present day)?

a)

primitive reptiles

b)

giant insects

c)

primitive horses

d)

brachiopods

69.
In what ocean zone are tide pools located?
a)
estuarial zone
b)
intertidal zone
c)
neritic zone
d)
oceanic zone
70.

4 is the...

a)

Continental Slope

b)

Continental Rise

c)

Continental Shelf

d)

Trench

e)

Abyssal Plain

71.

2 is the...

a)

Continental Slope

b)

Continental Rise

c)

Continental Shelf

d)

Trench

e)

Abyssal Plain

72.

1 is the...

a)

Continental Slope

b)

Continental Rise

c)

Continental Shelf

d)

Trench

e)

Abyssal Plain

73.

Which of the following contribute to the saltiness of the ocean?

a)

runoff from rivers and streams

b)

living organisms in the ocean

c)

precipitation

d)

factories dumping waste in the ocean

74.

What percent of the ocean's water is salt?

a)

1%

b)

3.5%

c)

97%

d)

24%

75.
The warm, strong current off the coast of Florida is the 
a)
Gulf Stream
b)
California Current
c)
North Equatorial Current
d)
Brazil Current
76.

_______ causes the Coriolis Effect

a)

Earth's rotation

b)

gravity

c)

wind

d)

density

77.
Warm ocean currents generally come from
a)
The North Pole
b)
The South Pole
c)
The Equator
d)
Both A and B
78.
Ocean currents bring warm water from the equator towards Earth's
a)
Southern Hemisphere
b)
Continents
c)
Equator
d)
Poles
79.

Which TWO statements about Earth's freshwater are supported by the graphs?

a)

Most freshwater is in glaciers and ice caps.

b)

Aquifers are the largest source of surface water.

c)

Only a very small amount of available water is freshwater.

d)

Saltwater represents only a small portion of available water.

80.

the process of a gas changing to a liquid (gas to liquid) as it cools

a)

precipitation

b)

codensation

c)

transpiration

d)

evaporation

81.

amount of open space between rock particles

a)

permeability

b)

aquifer

c)

porosity

82.

What is the water that fills the cracks and spaces in

underground soil and rock layers called?

a)

groundwater

b)

precipitation

c)

water table

d)

snow

83.

How are a pond and a stream different?

a)

A pond has plants and animals, while a stream does not.

b)

A pond has still water, while a stream has moving water.

c)

A pond flows into a lake, while a stream flows into a river.

d)

A pond gets its water from the rain, while a stream does not.

84.

Which statement best describes freshwater?

a)

Freshwater is water only found in the atmosphere.

b)

Freshwater is water found in the oceans.

c)

Freshwater is water found only underground.

d)

Freshwater is water found in lakes, rivers and streams.

85.

If Earth is 1 AU away from the sun, and Neptune is 30 AU away from the sun, what does this mean?

a)

Neptune is 30 years older than the Earth

b)

Neptune is 30 times larger than Earth

c)

Neptune is 30 times farther away from the sun than the Earth

86.

Why do the planets orbit the sun?

a)

They don't, the planets orbit the Earth

b)

Because Science

c)

The sun is so massive that it has a very large gravitational pull, which causes objects to orbit it

d)

Because they want to

87.

Which planet is NOT one of the

"Gas Giants"?

a)

Uranus

b)

Venus

c)

Neptune

d)

Saturn

88.

What is the largest planet in

our solar system?

a)

Neptune

b)

Jupiter

c)

Uranus

d)

Mars

89.
One full orbit of an object around another object is called a ________.
a)
axis
b)
rotation
c)
revolution
d)
satellite
90.
Day and night is caused by the _____________ of earth on its axis.
a)
revolution
b)
orbit
c)
rotation
91.

Which outer planets have rings?

a)

Just Saturn

b)

Saturn and Jupiter

c)

Jupiter, Neptune, and Saturn

d)

all 4 of the outer planets

92.

Which of the following is an accurate model of how the Sun, Earth, and Moon move?

a)

Sun and moon orbit Earth

b)

Earth and moon orbit Sun

c)

Earth orbits the Sun and the moon orbits Earth

d)

Earth and sun orbit moon

93.

Because the Moons periods of rotation and revolution are the same, it...

a)

Revolves backwards

b)

Never moves

c)

Keeps the same side facing Earth

d)

Changing the side that faces Earth

94.

Why can we see the moon?

a)

It reflects sunlight

b)

It goes through phases

c)

It produces its own light

d)

The sun moves around the moon

95.

Large, flat dark areas on the moon.

a)

Maria

b)

Highlands

c)

Craters

d)

Waning

96.

What is the main cause of the rising and falling tides?

a)

the Sun's gravity

b)

the Moon's gravity

c)

The rotation of the Earth

d)

The rotation of the Moon

97.

Approximately how big is Earth's moon?

a)

half of the Earth's size

b)

one-quarter of the Earth's size

c)

1/10 of the Earth's size

d)

1/100 of the Earth's size

98.

This phase is ______.

a)

full moon

b)

waxing crescent moon

c)

first quarter

d)

waning gibbous

99.

This phase is _______.

a)

full moon

b)

waxing crescent moon

c)

first quarter

d)

waning gibbous

100.

This phase is ______.

a)

full moon

b)

waxing crescent moon

c)

first quarter

d)

waning gibbous

101.
In the diagram given, what happens as we move to the left?
a)
Stars Get Larger
b)
Stars get Colder
c)
Stars get hotter
102.
Which star is the coldest?
a)
Yellow Star
b)
Red Star
c)
Orange Star
d)
Blue Star
103.
The category that contains the most stars is...
a)
Main Sequence
b)
Supergiants
c)
Giants
104.
Gravity pulls gases and dust particles in space toward one another, squeezing them into a smaller and smaller space. The temperature at the center rises high enough for nuclear fusion of hydrogen to begin.
What stage in a stars life cycle is this describing? 
a)
The birth of a star
b)
The death of a star
c)
Black Hole
d)
Stellar Nebula
105.
Hotter stars appear to be what color? 
a)
Red
b)
Blue
c)
Yellow
d)
Green
106.
The big bang theory explains the...
a)
Life cycle of a star
b)
Seasons of the earth
c)
origin of the universe
d)
Sheldon...just sheldon
107.
What type of galaxy is this?
a)
Spiral
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular 
d)
Irrational
108.
What type of galaxy has no defined pattern or shape?
a)
Spiral 
b)
Elliptical
c)
Irregular
d)
Constellation
109.
Compared to the rest of the stars, our sun is considered...
a)
Extremely Large and Cold
b)
Small with a medium temperature
c)
Medium size with medium temperature
110.
The air in the troposphere has a greater density than the air in any other layer of the atmosphere,
a)
True
b)
False
111.
Which gas in our atmosphere is most abundant?
a)
Argon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Carbon Dioxide
112.
What is the percentage of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere?
a)
1%
b)
21%
c)
78%
d)
90%
113.
What is the percentage of nitrogen in Earth's atmosphere?
a)
1%
b)
21%
c)
78%
d)
90%
114.
In which layer of the atmosphere does weather occur?
a)
Mesosphere
b)
Thermosphere
c)
Stratosphere
d)
Troposphere
115.
What is the outer most main layer of Earth's atmosphere?
a)
Thermosphere
b)
Troposphere
c)
Stratosphere
d)
Mesosphere
116.
James plans to climb to the top of Mount Everest.  Which of the following statements about his climb will be the most accurate?
a)
Air pressure will rise and the temperature on a thermometer will increase.
b)
Air pressure will fall and the temperature on a thermometer will decrease.
c)
Air pressure will rise and the temperature on a thermometer will decrease.
d)
Air pressure and thermometer will not change.
117.
a)
Warm Front
b)
High Air Pressure
c)
Cold Front
d)
High Temperatures
118.
a)
High Pressure
b)
Warm Front
c)
Cold Front
d)
Mountains
119.
High Pressure is associated with this type of weather...
a)
Cloudy/Overcast Weather
b)
Cold Weather
c)
Warm Weather
d)
Fair Weather
120.

The cold front is moving

a)

east and southeast

b)

west and northwest

c)

north

d)

south

121.

Why do you see precipitation near the L? (select 2 answers)

a)

because that is low pressure and that is where air rises, forming clouds

b)

because that is where air is falling and it brings rain with it

c)

because southern Ohio is always rainy this time of year

d)

because the cold front is meeting the warm front which forces warm air to rise rapidly forming clouds

122.
a)
Low Clouds
b)
Low Temperatures
c)
Light Wind
d)
Low Air Pressure
123.

What is humidity?

a)

cold air

b)

hot air

c)

the amount of moisture in the air

d)

direction of a front

124.

What is a front?

a)

where warm air mass meets

b)

measurements to make weather maps

c)

a large body of air

d)

a place where two different air masses meet.

125.

A cold front is,,,,,

a)

a cold air mass that bumps against a warm air mass

b)

a warm air mass meets a colder air mass and slowly rises over it.

126.

A force applied by the weight of air

a)

cold front

b)

barometer

c)

air pressure

d)

humidity

127.

At the beach on a hot day, you notice dark clouds moving in from over the ocean. What most likely caused this to happen?

a)

precipitation & evaporation

b)

water is wet

c)

transpiration & evaporation

d)

evaporation & condensation

128.

Weather travels across the U.S. in what direction?

a)

north to south

b)

west to east

c)

south to north

d)

east to west

129.

A student states the weather is the same as the climate. Which response BEST tells the student the difference between weather and climate?

a)

Weather is about the wind and the rain, but climate is about the clouds.

b)

Weather is measured with tools like thermometers, but climate is measured with tools like forecasts.

c)

Weather is the conditions in one day, but climate is the conditions over a long time.

d)

Weather is recorded on charts, but climate is recorded on world maps.

130.

At the seashore late in the afternoon on a hot, sunny day, a person often feels a strong breeze coming in from the ocean. Which of the following is the reason for the breeze?

a)

The pounding waves generate air currents.

b)

The heavy, cool air over the ocean rushes in to replace the warm air that rises over the land.

c)

The warm air over the ocean rushes in to replace the cool air that rises over the land.

d)

There are no clouds to block the wind coming in from the ocean.

131.
A front is
a)
where warm air is cooling at earth's surface
b)
a line where hot and cold air are separating
c)
a line where two different air masses meet
d)
where cold air is rising and forming rain clouds
132.
Which type of front is pictured?
a)
Cold front
b)
Warm front
c)
Occluded front
d)
Stationary front
133.
Which type of front is associated with purple humps and triangles facing the same direction?
a)
Cold
b)
Warm
c)
Stationary
d)
Occluded
134.

Why does warm air rise above cold air?

a)

Warm air is less dense

b)

Warm air is more dense

c)

Cold air is stronger than warm air

135.

What type of weather will you see along a cold front?

a)

Thunderstorms

b)

Sunny skies

c)

Gentle rain

d)

No weather

136.

When rocks are deeply buried, placing them under pressure because of the weight of overlying layers, this is called:

a)

lithification

b)

cementation

c)

deposition

d)

compaction

137.

Series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock

a)

extrusive rock

b)

rock

c)

rock cycle

d)

sediment

138.

One of the major rock types that is created from previously existing rock by the action of intense heat and pressure

a)

igneous rock

b)

metamorphic rock

c)

plastic deformation

d)

sedimentary rock

139.

Which is NOT accurate?

a)

Igneous -->Melting --> Magma

b)

Sediment --> Compaction --> Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic --> Heat and Pressure --> Sedimentary

d)

Magma --> Cooling --> Igneous

140.

Metamorphic Rock --> Weathering & Erosion --> __________

a)

Magma

b)

Igneous

c)

Sediment

d)

Metamorphic

141.

Sedimentary --> ____________--> magma

a)

Weathering and Erosion

b)

Heat and Pressure

c)

Melting

d)

Cooling

142.
The color of a mineral in powder form is called the mineral's 
a)
hardness
b)
specific gravity
c)
luster
d)
streak
143.
A rock which contains a useful mineral is call a/an
a)
gem
b)
quarry
c)
ore
d)
alloy
144.
The following image shows what mineral property?
a)
Hardness
b)
Streak
c)
Cleavage
d)
Density
145.
Dull, silky, waxy, pearly, and earthy are terms that best describe which property of minerals?
a)
luster
b)
color
c)
streak
d)
cleavage
146.
What mineral is the softest mineral on Moh's Hardness Scale and the main ingredient in baby powder?
a)
feldspar
b)
talc
c)
gypsum
d)
kaolinite
147.

Which of the following would DECREASE the salinity of water?

a)

Increased chemical weathering of rocks on land

b)

Water freezing, leaving behind salt

c)

Rain falling into the ocean

d)

Water evaporating, leaving behind salt

148.

This zone of the ocean gets the most sunlight, so it has the most plants that need to undergo photosynthesis.

a)

Surface Zone

b)

Transition Zone

c)

Deep Zone

149.

This zone of the ocean is the largest zone by volume (has the biggest percent of ocean water)

a)

Surface Zone

b)

Transition Zone

c)

Deep Zone

150.

Why are there warmer ocean temperatures by the equator?

a)

Because it gets more direct sunlight

b)

Because it gets less direct sunlight

c)

Because it faces the sun for fewer hours in a day

d)

Because the equator reflects more sunlight