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Earth Sci Final Exam

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 1hrs 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The primary energy source for the Sun is:

a)

Nuclear fission

b)

Nuclear fusion

c)

Radioactive decay

d)

Chemical combustion

2.

The Big Bang theory explains:

a)

the origin of the universe

b)

the structure of atoms

c)

the formation of mountains

d)

the evolution of species

3.

Which element is fused by main-sequence stars to form helium? (Our Sun is a main-sequence star)

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon

d)

Nitrogen

4.

What causes the elliptical motion pattern of orbiting objects in the solar system?

a)

Magnetism

b)

Gravity

c)

Wind

d)

Solar Energy

5.

What is plate tectonics?

a)

Study of Earth's atmosphere

b)

Study of Earth's oceans

c)

Theory explaining Earth's crust structure

6.

How old do scientists estimate the Earth to be?

a)

4.5 million years

b)

4.5 billion years

c)

6,000 years

d)

1 million years

7.

Scientists estimated the age of the Earth by:

a)

Using radiometric dating methods

b)

Observing weather patterns

c)

Measuring ocean currents

d)

Counting animal populations

8.

What drives the cycling of matter between Earth's surface and deep mantle?

a)

Solar Energy

b)

Heat Flow

c)

Wind

d)

Ocean Currents

9.

What is a feedback loop in Earth's systems?

a)

A continuous cycle of cause and effect

b)

A one-time event causing change

c)

A stable condition with no change

d)

A random event with unpredictable outcomes

10.

Name the Earth system that corresponds to the description. Use the correct -sphere name for each of Earth's systems. Example: ICE _______Cryosphere__________

WATER: _______
LAND/ROCK: _______

a)

WATER: Hydrosphere, LAND/ROCK: Geosphere or Lithosphere

b)

WATER: Atmosphere, LAND/ROCK: Biosphere

c)

WATER: Lithosphere, LAND/ROCK: Hydrosphere

d)

WATER: Biosphere, LAND/ROCK: Atmosphere

11.

Thermal convection is:

a)

the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids

b)

the transfer of heat through direct contact

c)

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

d)

the process of heat loss through evaporation

12.

What is the primary cause of climate change?

a)

Solar Flares

b)

Volcanic Activity

c)

Human Activity

d)

El Niño

13.

What property of water affects Earth materials and surface processes?

a)

Density

b)

Cohesion

c)

Solubility

d)

All of the above

14.

What provides the energy for tectonic plate motion?

a)

Solar Energy

b)

Mantle Convection

c)

Gravitational Pull

d)

Earth's Rotation

15.

What influences human activity?

a)

Availability of natural resources

b)

Occurrence of natural hazards

c)

Changes in climate

d)

All of the above

16.

What is sustainability?

a)

Using resources at a rate that can be maintained indefinitely

b)

Using all available resources for human benefit

c)

Ignoring the environmental impact of human activities

d)

Focusing only on economic growth

17.

What is the impact of human activities on natural systems?

a)

They can cause pollution and habitat destruction.

b)

They always improve natural systems.

c)

They have no effect on natural systems.

d)

They only affect urban areas.

18.

How are Earth systems being modified due to human activity?

a)

Pollution

b)

Deforestation

c)

Overfishing

d)

All of the above

19.

What is the most abundant component of Earth's atmosphere?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Carbon Dioxide

d)

Helium

20.

What is the lithosphere?

a)

Earth's outer shell

b)

Earth's inner core

c)

Earth's atmosphere

d)

Earth's oceans

21.

What is the hydrosphere?

a)

All of Earth's water

b)

Earth's atmosphere

c)

Earth's crust

d)

Earth's core

22.

Which lists three renewable resources.

a)

Solar energy, wind energy, water

b)

Coal, oil, natural gas

c)

Plastic, glass, metal

d)

Uranium, coal, petroleum

23.

Which lists three non-renewable resources.

a)

Coal, oil, natural gas

b)

Solar, wind, hydroelectric

c)

Wood, biomass, geothermal

d)

Sunlight, wind, tidal energy

24.

Biodiversity is:

a)

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat.

b)

A type of pollution.

c)

A method of farming.

d)

A weather phenomenon.

25.

Which lists three natural hazards?

a)

Earthquake, Flood, Hurricane

b)

Car accident, Theft, Pollution

c)

Deforestation, Urbanization, Mining

d)

Internet outage, Power failure, Software bug

26.

What is deforestation?

a)

Planting of trees

b)

Removal of trees

c)

Conservation of forests

d)

Study of forests

27.

The greenhouse effect is:

a)

The process by which certain gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere

b)

The process of plants making food using sunlight

c)

The movement of tectonic plates

d)

The cycle of water evaporating and condensing

28.

A fossil fuel is:

a)

A type of renewable energy source

b)

A fuel formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals

c)

A type of modern synthetic material

29.

What does "conservation of environmental resources" mean?

a)

Wasteful use of resources

b)

Sustainable use of resources

c)

Ignoring environmental impact

d)

Focusing only on economic growth

30.

A feedback mechanism is:

a)

a process that uses the conditions of one component to regulate the function of the other

b)

a type of cell division

c)

a method of energy production

d)

a form of genetic mutation

31.

A natural resource is:

a)

A man-made object

b)

A resource found in nature

c)

A type of artificial material

d)

A product created in factories

32.

What is an endangered species?

a)

A species that is abundant

b)

A species that is extinct

c)

A species that is at risk of extinction

d)

A species that is harmful to the environment

33.

What is pollution?

a)

The introduction of harmful substances into the environment

b)

The removal of harmful substances from the environment

c)

The natural occurrence of substances in the environment

34.

What is climate change?

a)

A short-term change in weather patterns

b)

A long-term change in global or regional climate patterns

35.

What is an ecosystem?

a)

A community of living organisms and their environment

b)

A single species of organism

36.

Put these star types in order from smallest to biggest size.

Star types: Red Giant, White Dwarf and Main-sequence

1 is the smallest; 3 is the largest

a)

1. White Dwarf 2. Main-sequence 3. Red Giant

b)

1. Red Giant 2. Main-sequence 3. White Dwarf

c)

1. Main-sequence 2. White Dwarf 3. Red Giant

d)

1. Main-sequence 2. Red Giant 3. White Dwarf

37.

Life could not exist without exploding stars because:

a)

They create and distribute many of the elements found in the Periodic Table that are essential for life.

b)

They provide the energy needed for photosynthesis.

c)

They are responsible for the formation of planets.

d)

They control the temperature of the universe.

38.

The universe is:

a)

Expanding

b)

Contracting

c)

Static

d)

Collapsing

39.

What happens in a positive feedback loop related to climate change?

a)

The system stabilizes

b)

The system amplifies changes

c)

The system reverses changes

40.

Which of the following is an example of how Earth's climate may influence life on Earth, and how life on Earth may influence Earth's climate?

a)

Earth's climate affects plant growth; plants absorb carbon dioxide and influence the climate.

b)

Earth's gravity affects tides; tides influence the moon's orbit.

c)

Earth's rotation causes day and night; animals sleep at night.

d)

Earth's core generates heat; volcanoes erupt.

41.

What is a landform?

a)

A natural feature of Earth's surface

b)

A type of weather

c)

A type of plant

42.

What is the process by which oceanic crust sinks into the mantle at a convergent boundary?

a)

Subduction

b)

Evaporation

c)

Erosion

d)

Deposition

43.

Which is older? Oceanic Crust or Continental Crust

a)

Continental Crust

b)

Oceanic Crust

c)

Both are the same age

d)

Neither has an age

44.

Which type of plate boundary is associated with the creation of new oceanic crust?

a)

Transform boundary

b)

Convergent boundary

c)

Divergent boundary

45.

Meteorites provide information about Earth's formation because they:

a)

Are remnants from the early solar system

b)

Are pieces of the Moon

c)

Formed after Earth

d)

Are made entirely of ice

46.

49. Gravity and inertia work together to keep a planet in orbit around the sun by:

a)

Pulling the planet toward the sun and keeping it moving forward

b)

Pushing the planet away from the sun and stopping its motion

c)

Only pulling the planet toward the sun

d)

Only keeping the planet moving forward

47.

Which of the following best describes the shape of planetary orbits?

a)

Perfect circles

b)

Ellipses

c)

Hyperbolic paths

d)

Straight lines

48.

Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation states that the force between two objects depends on which of the following factors?

a)

The distance between the objects ONLY.

b)

The distance between the objects and the objects’ masses.

c)

The objects’ masses ONLY.

49.

If the distance between two objects is doubled, how does the gravitational force between them change?

a)

Increase Gravity Force

b)

Decrease Gravity Force

50.

The albedo of ice is:

a)

higher than the albedo of water

b)

lower than the albedo of water

c)

equal to the albedo of water

d)

unrelated to the albedo of water

51.

Earth's Energy Balance refers to the balance between which of the following?

a)

Incoming radiation energy and outgoing radiation energy

b)

Solar energy and geothermal energy

c)

Wind energy and tidal energy

d)

Chemical energy and nuclear energy

52.

Ice floats on water because:

a)

Ice is denser than liquid water.

b)

Ice is less dense than liquid water.

c)

Ice and liquid water have the same density.

d)

Ice dissolves in water.

53.

Upwelling is the process in which:

a)

Warm surface water moves downward.

b)

Cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface.

c)

Ocean water becomes more saline.

d)

Waves break on the shore.

54.

Water is considered a universal solvent because:

a)

It is a transparent liquid

b)

It dissolves many substances

c)

It has a high boiling point

d)

It is necessary for life processes

55.

How does water affect the Earth's climate?

a)

By regulating temperature and redistributing heat

b)

By causing earthquakes

c)

By volcanic activity

56.

When considering the cost/benefit ratio of managing natural resources, a cost refers to:

a)

The negative impacts or expenses involved

b)

The positive outcomes or benefits gained

c)

The total amount of resources available

d)

The time required to manage resources

57.

What is a galaxy?

a)

A single star

b)

A collection of stars, solar systems, gas and dust

c)

A star and some planets

d)

A moon

58.

What is a Subduction Zone?

a)

A place where two tectonic plates move away from each other

b)

A place where one tectonic plate slides beneath another

c)

A place where two tectonic plates slide past each other

d)

A place where magma rises to the surface

59.

A divergent boundary is:

a)

A place where two tectonic plates move away from each other

b)

A place where two tectonic plates collide

c)

A place where one tectonic plate slides past another

d)

A place where tectonic plates do not move

60.

Define: Albedo.

a)

Albedo is the measure of the reflectivity of a surface, expressed as a percentage of reflected sunlight.

b)

Albedo is the process of photosynthesis in plants.

c)

Albedo is the rate at which a substance dissolves in water.