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Ngân Hàng Câu Hỏi Ôn Tập

Total questions: 152

Worksheet time: 2hrs 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Biểu thức nào định nghĩa công của quá trình hô hấp?

a)

A12 = - p.∆V

b)

A12 = - ∫ pdV

c)

A12 = (3/2)k.∆T

d)

A12 = (3/2)nR.∆T

2.

How many forms of energy are there in living organisms?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

3.

What characteristic does an isolated system have?

a)

δQ = 0; δA = 0

b)

δQ = 0; δA > 0

c)

δQ > 0; δA = 0

d)

δQ > 0; δA > 0

4.

How many types of internal energy are there in living organisms?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

5.

What characteristic does heat have?

a)

Depends on the initial state of the system

b)

Depends on the states of the system

c)

Depends on the process of system change.

d)

Depends on the final state of the system

6.

What characteristic does work done by the system have when a force is applied to the external environment?

a)

Is a function of state

b)

Is a function of process

c)

Is the total kinetic energy of the system's particles

d)

Is the total potential energy of the system's particles

7.

Which statement is correct?

a)

A and U are functions of process, Q is a state function.

b)

A is a function of process, U and Q are state functions.

c)

Q and U are functions of process, A is a state function.

d)

A and Q are functions of process, U is a state function.

8.

What characteristic does the internal energy of a system have?

a)

Is a function of process

b)

Is a function of state

c)

Is the total kinetic energy of the chaotic motion of particles

d)

Is the total potential energy of the particles

9.

What type of work must the body perform during the process of living?

a)

Chemical work

b)

Thermal work

c)

Diffusion work

d)

Ultrafiltration work

10.

What characteristic does the energy transformation process in living organisms have?

a)

Food provides heat like fuel provides heat

b)

Heat provided to the body is used to do work and transformed into other forms of energy

c)

Heat generation is a general property of living organisms

d)

Primary heat generated by ATP hydrolysis

11.

What is work?

4 lines
12.

What are the characteristics of work?

a)

Depends on the initial state of the system

b)

Depends on the states of the system

c)

Depends on the process of the system's transformation

d)

Depends on the final state of the system

13.

Choose the correct statement:

a)

Heat depends on the state of the system

b)

Primary heat is also called positive heat

c)

Primary heat is generated when breaking high-energy bonds

d)

Primary heat is generated when the body absorbs energy from food

14.

What are the characteristics of a heat engine?

a)

It is a device that converts work into heat.

b)

The agent does not have to be in direct contact with the hot and cold sources.

c)

Efficiency is: η=1−T2/T1

d)

Work produced is: A = |Q1| - |Q2|

15.

Which statement about entropy is correct?

a)

Entropy is a function of the transformation process

b)

All processes occur in a direction that reduces the system's entropy

c)

When the system is isolated in equilibrium, its entropy is at a minimum

d)

Entropy is a quantity that characterizes the degree of disorder of the system

16.

When does a concentration gradient appear?

a)

When there is a difference in concentration of a substance in the cell and the surrounding fluid

b)

When there is a difference in osmotic pressure between the inside and outside of the cell membrane

c)

When a semipermeable membrane appears

d)

When ions that cannot pass through the semipermeable membrane appear

17.

Choose the correct answer:

a)

Food provides heat just like fuel provides heat.

b)

Heat provided to the body is used to do work and transform into other forms of energy.

c)

Heat generation is a general property of living organisms.

d)

Primary heat is generated by the hydrolysis of ATP

18.

What are the characteristics of entropy in a system?

a)

Minimum entropy equilibrium state

b)

Depends on the transformation process

c)

Depends on the state of the system

d)

For reversible processes in an isolated system dS<0

19.

What are the characteristics of entropy in a system?

a)

It is a state function and depends on the process of state change.

b)

It is a state function and depends on the time of action.

c)

The change in entropy only depends on the initial and final states of the system.

d)

The change in entropy does not depend on the initial and final states of the system.

20.

Which is a state function in thermodynamics?

a)

Mechanical work

b)

Heat

c)

Chemical work

d)

Entropy

21.

When does an isolated system reach thermal equilibrium?

a)

Free energy reaches a maximum

b)

Binding energy reaches a maximum

c)

Entropy reaches a minimum

d)

Internal energy reaches a maximum

22.

What processes can occur in an isolated system?

a)

Process that increases entropy to a maximum

b)

Order of the system increases to a maximum

c)

Gradients in the system increase to a maximum

d)

Free energy increases to a maximum

23.

What are the characteristics of a self-evolving isolated system?

a)

Free energy always increases

b)

Entropy remains constant or decreases

c)

Order does not increase

d)

Binding energy remains constant

24.

Choose the correct statement.

a)

The binding energy of the system can be converted into work.

b)

The free energy of the system is minimal, then the ability to do work is maximal.

c)

The free energy of the system is minimal, then the ability to do work is minimal.

d)

The binding energy of the system is maximal, then the ability to do work is maximal.

25.

Choose the correct statement:

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26.

What is the correct statement regarding the efficiency of a Carnot engine?

a)

The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on the agent.

b)

The efficiency of a Carnot engine depends on the temperature of the hot and cold reservoirs.

c)

The efficiency of a Carnot engine can reach 100%.

d)

The human body operates like a Carnot engine.

27.

What characteristic does the energy conversion process in the body have?

a)

70% of energy is converted into heat energy to maintain body temperature.

b)

The body does not directly receive light energy.

c)

There is always a portion of energy converted into heat energy.

d)

Chemical energy must be converted into heat energy before it can be converted into mechanical energy.

28.

What form of energy can exist in the body?

a)

Respiratory work

b)

Chemical work

c)

Heat energy

d)

Mechanical energy

29.

What type of thermodynamic system does the organism belong to?

a)

Open system

b)

Closed system

c)

Isolated system

d)

Closed system

30.

What is the characteristic of primary heat?

a)

It is positive heat.

b)

It is released when breaking rich energy bonds in the body.

c)

It is not released during the work process to perform physiological functions: respiration, digestion, muscle contraction...

d)

It is the inevitable dispersion of thermal energy in the metabolic process.

31.

What is the characteristic of secondary heat in the body?

a)

It is basic heat.

b)

It is released when breaking rich energy bonds in the body.

c)

It is the inevitable dispersion of thermal energy in the metabolic process.

d)

It is generated immediately when the body absorbs oxygen and food.

32.

What type of gradient is related to the generation of nerve impulses in the body?

a)

Osmotic gradient

b)

Membrane gradient

c)

Electrical gradient

33.

What type of gradient is related to the generation of nerve impulses in the body?

a)

Osmotic gradient

b)

Membrane gradient

c)

Electrochemical gradient

d)

Concentration gradient

34.

Choose the correct statement:

a)

Due to the unity of the body, the energy released from ATP in different tissues will be the same in the same physiological state.

b)

The heat generated when converting ATP energy into mechanical work is primary heat.

c)

In living organisms with suitable temperature and humidity, primary heat is zero.

d)

Secondary heat is the heat released due to the process of absorbing energy from food, nutrients into ATP.

35.

What is the complete statement of the First Law of Thermodynamics?

a)

Heat transferred to the system is used to increase internal energy and convert to work done by external forces on the system.

b)

Work done on the system is used to increase internal energy and convert to heat done by the system on external forces.

c)

Heat transferred to the system is used to increase internal energy and convert to work done by the system on external forces.

d)

The internal energy of the system is used to convert to work done by the system on external forces.

36.

The general expression of the First Law of Thermodynamics is:

a)

δA=δQ−dU

b)

δQ=dU+δA

c)

δQ=dU

d)

U2=U1

37.

The expression of the First Law applied to an isolated system is:

a)

dU=0

b)

δQ=δA≠0

c)

δQ≠0,δA=0

d)

δQ=0,δA≠0

38.

When δQ=0, the expression of the First Law of Thermodynamics becomes:

a)

δA=dU

b)

δA=−dU

c)

δA≥dU

d)

δA≤−dU

39.

When dU=0, the expression of the First Law of Thermodynamics becomes:

a)

δA=−δQ

b)

δA=δQ

c)

δA≥δQ

d)

δA≤−δQ

40.

When δA=0, the expression of the First Law of Thermodynamics becomes:

a)

δQ=−dU

b)

δA≥−dU

c)

δA≤−dU

d)

δQ=dU

41.

In living organisms, free energy is formed thanks to

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42.

When δA=0, the first law of thermodynamics becomes:

a)

δQ=−dU

b)

δA≥−dU

c)

δA≤−dU

d)

δQ=dU

43.

In living organisms, free energy is formed through which process?

a)

Absorption of nutrients

b)

Decomposition of nutrients

c)

Performing mechanical work

d)

The process of absorbing heat to warm up

44.

Choose the correct answer:

a)

Food only provides heat for the body to warm up

b)

Heat supplied to the system is only used to do work

c)

In living organisms, the main energy source is the chemical energy of food.

d)

Primary heat generated by ATP decomposition

45.

Choose the correct answer:

a)

Heat is a state function of living systems

b)

Heat transferred to the system increases the internal energy of the system and converts into work done on the environment.

c)

Heat is a form of energy associated with the chaotic motion of particles in the system.

d)

Secondary heat generated during the process of receiving oxygen and food.

46.

What characteristic does the work process in living organisms have?

a)

The binding energy in the body converts into work done on the environment

b)

The free energy of the system approaches a minimum value, then the ability to do work of the system is the greatest.

c)

Work generated by changes in internal energy and changes in the entropy of the system.

d)

The work process is not accompanied by heat release

47.

Which expression is the heat balance equation for living organisms?

a)

ΔA = ΔQ + ΔE + ΔM

b)

ΔA = ΔE + ΔQ + ΔM

c)

ΔM = ΔA + ΔE + ΔQ

d)

ΔQ = ΔA + ΔE + ΔM

48.

How many forms of work are there in living organisms?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

49.

The efficiency of the heart's contraction in heavy laborers can reach approximately?

a)

1.3 - 1.4%

b)

13 - 14%

c)

15 - 20%

d)

20 - 30%

50.

What is the mechanical power of the heart approximately?

a)

1.3-1.4W

b)

13-14W

c)

25-30

51.

What is the efficiency of heart contractions in heavy workers?

a)

1.3 - 1.4%

b)

13 - 14%

c)

15 - 20%

d)

20 - 30%

52.

What is the mechanical power of the heart?

a)

1.3 - 1.4W

b)

13 - 14W

c)

25 - 30W

d)

100W

53.

Assuming a heart contraction frequency of 60 beats/min, what is the power of the ventricle?

a)

0.1 W

b)

0.2 W

c)

1.2 W

d)

1.4 W

54.

What is the total energy metabolism power of the whole body?

a)

1.3 - 1.4W

b)

13 - 14W

c)

25 - 30W

d)

100W

55.

What is the total power of the heart?

a)

1.3W

b)

13W

c)

25W

d)

100W

56.

What expression is used to calculate the work done during heart contractions?

a)

A=F.s=F.s.cosα

b)

A=∫δA

c)

A=∫V.dp

d)

A=∫p.dV

57.

Which formula represents Laplace's law?

a)

p=T(1/r1 + 1/r2)

b)

T=p(1/r1 + 1/r2)

c)

T=p.r

d)

T=F/l

58.

When the heart muscle is dilated, how does the energy used to generate heart muscle tension change?

a)

Unchanged

b)

Decreased

c)

Increased

d)

Continuously variable without rule

59.

Where does ATP, which provides energy for heart activity, come from?

a)

Glucose

b)

Phosphoryl

c)

Phosphocreatine

d)

Phospholipid

60.

Where does the energy for the work process in living organisms come from?

a)

From heat exchange with the environment

b)

From internal energy changes in the body

c)

From heat absorption from any heat source

d)

From oxygen exchange between organs in the body

61.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of living organisms?

a)

Secondary heat generation during work

b)

Composed of proteins and substances forming the body

c)

Directly absorbing heat from the environment to do work

d)

Osmotic work during substance transport across cell membranes

62.

What expression determines the work done during muscle contraction in living organisms?

a)

A=F.s

b)

A=

63.

What is the expression that defines work during muscle contraction in living organisms?

a)

A=F⃗.s

b)

A=∫δA2 1

c)

A=∫F(x).dx2 1

d)

A=∫F.ds2 1

64.

According to the experimental graph of muscle contraction, which expression is approximately correct for work during muscle contraction?

a)

A=0.45.Fmax.xmax

b)

A=0.45.Fmin.xmin

c)

A=0.45.Fmax.∆xmax

d)

A=0.45.Fmin.∆xmin

65.

What is the efficiency of muscle contraction approximately?

a)

1.3 - 1.4%

b)

13 - 14%

c)

15 - 16%

d)

20 - 30%

66.

At what age does the highest muscle contraction efficiency occur?

a)

20-24 years

b)

25-28 years

c)

29-30 years

d)

33-35 years

67.

Where is ATP synthesized during muscle contraction?

a)

Lipid

b)

Protid

c)

Phosphoryl

d)

Phosphocreatin

68.

What factors does the efficiency of muscle contraction depend on?

a)

Gender

b)

Height

c)

Weight

d)

Type of work

69.

Choose the correct statement:

a)

All processes of work in cells use energy from ATP

b)

The efficiency of muscle contraction does not depend on age

c)

The greater the work done by muscles, the slower fatigue appears

d)

The primary heat released during ATP hydrolysis

70.

What is the characteristic of the body in a steady state?

a)

The entropy of living organisms is a constant quantity

b)

The rate of increase of entropy in the body equals the rate of exchange of entropy with the surrounding environment

c)

To maintain a steady state, it is not necessary to exchange substances with the surrounding environment

d)

When transitioning from one steady state to another, the entropy of the system always increases

71.

In which type of system does a steady state occur?

a)

Open system

b)

Closed system

c)

Isolated system

d)

Cohesive system

72.

How does entropy change in an isolated system?

a)

Unchanged

b)

Increased

c)

Decreased

d)

Constant

73.

What type of system does the stopping state occur in?

a)

Open system

b)

Closed system

c)

Isolated system

d)

Cloistered system

74.

How does entropy change in an isolated system?

a)

Unchanged

b)

Decreases to a minimum

c)

Increases to a maximum

d)

Increases and decreases unpredictably

75.

Choose the correct answer:

a)

In an isolated system: binding energy always increases, free energy remains unchanged

b)

Free energy is a quantity characteristic of the system's ability to do work

c)

Gradient is a quantity characteristic of the change in direction of some quantity over time

d)

The change in entropy in living organisms is always positive

76.

State the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

a)

The order of a system can only be maintained or decreased.

b)

The order of an isolated system can only be maintained or decreased.

c)

The order of an isolated system can only be maintained or increased.

d)

The order of an isolated system does not change

77.

What is the expression for free energy?

a)

F = U + T.S

b)

F = U - T.S

c)

F = T + U.S

d)

F = T.U + S

78.

When does an isolated system reach thermal equilibrium?

a)

Binding energy reaches a maximum

b)

Free energy reaches a maximum.

c)

Temperature reaches a maximum

d)

Internal energy reaches a maximum

79.

What characteristic does a self-evolving isolated system have?

a)

Free energy increases to a maximum value and then stops.

b)

Order increases to a maximum value and then stops.

c)

Entropy increases to a maximum value and then stops.

d)

Binding energy decreases to a minimum value and then stops

80.

What characteristic does the parameter of the stopping state have?

a)

Increases over time

b)

Decreases over time

c)

Remains unchanged over time

d)

Unstable over a long time

81.

Choose the correct answer

a)

The stopping state is a state of thermal equilibrium

b)

The stopping state is a state of chemical equilibrium

c)

The stopping state is

82.

What is the correct answer regarding the equilibrium state?

a)

The stationary state is a thermodynamic equilibrium state

b)

The stationary state is a chemical equilibrium state

c)

The stationary state only occurs in closed systems

d)

The stationary state only occurs in open systems

83.

What are the characteristics of the stationary state?

a)

Gradients decrease gradually

b)

Gradients increase gradually

c)

Gradients remain constant

d)

Gradients vary, sometimes increasing and sometimes decreasing

84.

At what age is the excess shift step most commonly observed?

a)

Young people

b)

Elderly people

c)

Middle-aged people

d)

Sick people

85.

What are the characteristics of the evolution of the stationary state?

a)

The stability of the system decreases

b)

The stability of the system increases

c)

The stability of the system remains unchanged

d)

Unrelated to the stability of the system

86.

Write the expression representing the change in entropy of a living system?

a)

dS = dS_i - dS_e

b)

dS = dS_i - 2dS_e

c)

dS = dS_i + dS_e

d)

dS = dS_i + 2dS_e

87.

How is the change in entropy calculated when the living system is isolated?

a)

dS = dS_i

b)

dS = dS_e

c)

dS = -dS_i

d)

dS = -dS_e

88.

What is the characteristic of the change in entropy of a living body when the system is developing structure?

a)

dS_i = dS_e

b)

|dS_e| > |dS_i|

c)

|dS_e| < |dS_i|

d)

dS_e = -dS_i

89.

What are the characteristics of a living system in a stationary state?

a)

dS > 0

b)

dS = -dS_e = C ≠ 0

c)

dS = 0

d)

dS_e < 0

90.

State the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

a)

The order of an isolated system can only remain constant or increase.

b)

There cannot exist in nature a cycle whose only result is to convert heat into work without leaving any trace in the surrounding environment.

c)

In isolated systems, only processes that lead to an increase in entropy can occur spontaneously, and their limit is the state with maximum entropy.

d)

Spontaneous processes

91.

What property does the entropy function have?

a)

It is a function of the transformation process

b)

It is a characteristic quantity for the state of the system

c)

It is a characteristic quantity for the system's ability to do work.

d)

It is a characteristic quantity for the system's ability to generate heat.

92.

Write the expression representing the rate of change of entropy of a living system?

a)

dS/dt = dS_i/dt - dS_e/dt

b)

dS/dt = dS_i/dt + dS_e/dt

c)

dS/dt = dS_i/dt - 2dS_e/dt

d)

dS/dt = dS_i/dt + 2dS_e/dt

93.

At what age is the transition near the exponential function observed?

a)

Children

b)

Young people

c)

Middle-aged people

d)

Sick people

94.

With what level of artificial starting point is the transition observed in which person?

a)

Children

b)

Young people

c)

Middle-aged people

d)

Sick people

95.

What is the method of heat exchange of the body?

a)

Muscle movement

b)

Digestion

c)

Convection heat transfer

d)

Basic metabolism

96.

What is the method of heat resistance of the body?

a)

Vasoconstriction

b)

Goosebumps

c)

Muscle movement

d)

Sweating

97.

What is the direction of the surface tension force of the liquid?

a)

Increases the surface area of the liquid

b)

Reduces the surface area of the liquid

c)

Keeps the surface of the liquid stable.

d)

Keeps the surface of the liquid horizontal.

98.

Under what circumstances does the rise of liquid in a capillary tube increase?

a)

Gravitational acceleration increases

b)

The specific weight of the liquid increases

c)

Increase the inner diameter of the capillary tube

d)

Decrease the inner diameter of the capillary tube.

99.

The water flow in a horizontal pipe is 40π cm³/second. What is the question?

4 lines
100.

The flow rate of water in a horizontal pipe is 40π cm³/second. The speed of the liquid at a point in the pipe with a diameter of 2cm is:

a)

4.5m/h

b)

40m/s

c)

0.045 m/s

d)

40cm/s

101.

Water flows in a horizontal pipe with a speed of 4m/s at a section with a diameter of 4cm. The speed of water flowing at a section with a diameter of 8cm is:

a)

6m/s

b)

1.5m/s

c)

2m/s

d)

1m/s

102.

The characteristic of liquid pressure in a horizontal flow pipe is:

a)

Static pressure is inversely proportional to dynamic pressure

b)

Dynamic pressure is inversely proportional to the speed of the liquid

c)

Where dynamic pressure is high, static pressure is low and vice versa

d)

Hydrostatic pressure does not depend on the specific weight of the liquid

103.

Choose the correct statement:

a)

If the interaction force between solid particles and liquid is stronger than the interaction force between liquid particles, then there is a wetting phenomenon.

b)

If the interaction force between solid particles and liquid is stronger than the interaction force between liquid particles, then there is a non-wetting phenomenon.

c)

Wetting or non-wetting is a consequence of solid-liquid interaction.

d)

When the attraction force of liquid particles to each other is greater than the attraction force of gas particles to the liquid, then there is a non-wetting phenomenon.

104.

The tube used as a capillary must satisfy the condition:

a)

Small cross-section, open at both ends and not wet by water.

b)

Small cross-section open at one end and not wet by water.

c)

Small cross-section, open at both ends.

d)

Small cross-section, open at both ends and wet by water.

105.

The condition for equilibrium of a lever is:

a)

The total moment of the resistance force and the driving force must be zero.

b)

The sum of the resistance force and the driving force must be zero.

c)

The total moment of the resistance force and the driving force is a constant.

106.

What is the principle of the lever?

a)

The total moment of the resistance force and the driving force must be zero.

b)

The sum of the resistance force and the driving force must be zero.

c)

The total moment of the resistance force and the driving force is a constant.

d)

The sum of the resistance force and the driving force is a constant.

107.

The type of lever that keeps our head balanced on the spine has the characteristic:

a)

The application points of the resistance force and the driving force are on two sides of the fulcrum.

b)

The application point of the resistance force is between the fulcrum and the application point of the driving force.

c)

The application point of the driving force is between the fulcrum and the application point of the resistance force.

d)

The application point of the driving force is closer to the fulcrum than the application point of the resistance force.

108.

What is the driving force of the process of osmosis?

a)

Osmotic pressure

b)

Molecular pressure

c)

Internal pressure

d)

Tension

109.

What characteristic does the osmotic pressure of a solution have?

a)

It only depends on the concentration of the solution and does not depend on the nature of the solution or the nature of the solute.

b)

It has the effect of drawing solvent towards the solution.

c)

It does not depend on temperature.

d)

It increases as the size of the solute molecules increases.

110.

When does Donald's equilibrium occur in two electrolyte solutions separated by a semipermeable membrane?

a)

The number of particles passing through the membrane from both sides is equal and both sides of the membrane are electrically neutral.

b)

At least one type of ion of the macromolecule cannot pass through the membrane, the number of particles passing through the membrane from both sides is equal and both sides of the membrane are not electrically neutral.

c)

At least one type of ion of the macromolecule cannot pass through the membrane, the number of particles passing through the membrane from both sides is equal and both sides of the membrane are electrically neutral.

d)

At least one type of ion of the macromolecule cannot pass through the membrane, the number of particles passing through the membrane from both sides is different and both sides of the membrane are electrically neutral.

111.

To extract pus, bacteria, and degradation products from a wound, people often bandage the wound.

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112.

To extract pus, what type of solution is commonly used to bandage wounds?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

d)

Any concentration

113.

To compensate for water loss due to diarrhea, what type of solution is introduced into the body?

a)

Hypotonic compared to blood

b)

Isotonic compared to blood

c)

Hypertonic compared to blood

d)

Any concentration

114.

Which environmental factor increases the rate of diffusion?

a)

Diffusion time

b)

Temperature

c)

Viscosity coefficient

d)

Size of solute

115.

The diffusion coefficient does not depend on which factor?

a)

Nature of solvent or gas.

b)

Size and shape of diffusing molecules

c)

Temperature of the solvent environment

d)

Concentration gradient

116.

What is the essence of the diffusion phenomenon?

a)

Chaotic thermal motion leading to a state of equal molecular kinetic density everywhere

b)

Chaotic thermal motion with a preferred direction leading to a state of equal molecular temperature everywhere

c)

Chaotic thermal motion without a preferred direction leading to a state of equal molecular density everywhere

d)

Chaotic thermal motion without a preferred direction leading to a state of equal molecular pressure everywhere

117.

What is the expression of Fick's law?

a)

dn = D.S.gradC.dt

b)

dn = -D.S.gradC.dt

c)

dn = D.S.gradC/dt

d)

dn = -D.S.gradC/dt

118.

What is the characteristic of diffusion through a freely permeable porous membrane?

a)

It does not depend on the diameter of the solute molecules.

b)

gradC is directly proportional to the thickness of the porous membrane

c)

gradC is inversely proportional to the thickness of the porous membrane

d)

The membrane coefficient does not depend on the size of the membrane

119.

What changes occur in the environment after molecules have diffused for a while?

a)

Concentration gradient of the diffusing substance increases

b)

Concentration gradient of the diffusing substance approaches 0

c)

Density of the diffusing substance increases

d)

Density of the diffusing substance decreases

120.

Which factor of the environment decreases the rate of the diffusion process?

a)

Diffusion time

b)

Diffusion window area

c)

Viscosity coefficient

d)

Size of the solute

121.

What formula is used to calculate the work done in the respiration process?

a)

A=F.s =F.s.cosα

b)

A=∫δA2 1

c)

A=∫p.dV V2 V1

d)

A=∫p.dV v1 v2

122.

What is the approximate value of the work of respiration performed in one minute in an adult?

a)

0.1 ÷ 0.59J

b)

0.59 ÷ 0.98J

c)

0.98 ÷ 4.9J

d)

4.9 ÷ 13J

123.

What formula is used to calculate the volume of gas diffusing in simple diffusion?

a)

V=k.pn/p

b)

V=R.n.T/p

c)

V=R.T.p/n/p

d)

V=k.T.lnS

124.

What is the characteristic of the pressure of a liquid?

a)

Independent direction with the orientation of the curved surface

b)

Magnitude inversely proportional to the density of the liquid and the curvature of the surface

c)

Magnitude depends on the nature of the liquid and the curvature of the surface

d)

Tangent to the surface

125.

Why must air be expelled from the syringe before injecting the patient?

a)

Unclean air must be completely removed

b)

To prevent the injection site from swelling and causing rupture

c)

To avoid air bubbles that hinder blood flow in the vessel.

d)

To make the patient feel less pain and more comfortable

126.

In which case does a blood vessel obstruction occur due to air bubbles in the vessel?

a)

When the blood vessel is injured and air enters

b)

After intravenous injection for the patient but before expelling all air

c)
127.

In which case does gas embolism occur?

a)

When a blood vessel is cut and air enters

b)

After intravenous injection when air is pushed out

c)

Astronauts flying at high altitudes with an open cockpit

d)

Divers ascending slowly to the surface

128.

When the temperature increases, the viscosity coefficient of Newtonian fluids:

a)

decreases

b)

increases

c)

first increases, then decreases

d)

first decreases, then increases

129.

Fluids consist of:

a)

Liquids and gases

b)

Solids, liquids, and gases

c)

Solids and liquids

d)

Liquids, gases, and plasma

130.

An ideal fluid is:

a)

A fluid that maintains the ideal state of the body

b)

A fluid that provides protection for organs

c)

A fluid with a constant volume under external pressure

d)

A fluid that supplies substances to maintain body functions

131.

For an ideal fluid at rest, the flow rate through different cross-sections of a pipe:

a)

is the same and equal to a constant

b)

always fluctuates over time

c)

has different values and is directly proportional to the pipe's cross-section

d)

has different values and is inversely proportional to the pipe's cross-section

132.

For an ideal fluid at rest in a horizontal pipe:

a)

static pressure increases where flow speed is slow.

b)

static pressure decreases where flow speed is slow.

c)

static pressure remains constant.

d)

static pressure decreases from the start to the end of the pipe.

133.

What factors does the viscosity coefficient of real fluids depend on?

a)

Temperature, nature of the fluid

b)

Nature of the fluid, flow speed

c)

Flow speed, temperature of the fluid

d)

Position of the layers of fluid flowing and nature of the fluid

134.

The internal friction force between two layers of fluid moving at a considerable speed:

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135.

The internal friction force between two layers of liquid moving at different speeds depends on the nature of the liquid, and:

a)

Flow velocity and temperature of the liquid

b)

Relative velocity and contact area of the two layers of liquid

c)

Flow rate of the liquid and thickness of the liquid layer

d)

Flow velocity of the liquid and area of the adjacent liquid layers

136.

The Stokes formula determines the internal friction force as:

a)

F_ms = 3π.η.r.v

b)

F_ms = 4π.η.r.v

c)

F_ms = 5π.η.r.v

d)

F_ms = 6π.η.r.v

137.

The formula determining the speed of the liquid layer actually moving in a horizontal cylindrical pipe is:

a)

v = ∆p / (8lη) (R^2 - r^2)

b)

v = ∆p / (8lη) (R - r)^2

c)

v = ∆p / (4lη) (R^2 - r^2)

d)

v = ∆p / (4lη) (R - r)^2

138.

The speed of the liquid layer moving at the axis of a horizontal cylindrical pipe is:

a)

v_0 = ∆p.R^2 / (2lη)

b)

v_0 = ∆p.R^2 / (4lη)

c)

v_0 = ∆p.R / (4lη)

d)

v_0 = ∆p.R / (2lη)

139.

The Poiseuille formula determines the flow rate of liquid actually flowing in a horizontal cylindrical pipe as:

a)

Q = π∆pR / (8lη)

b)

Q = π∆pR^2 / (8lη)

c)

Q = π∆pR^3 / (8lη)

d)

Q = π∆pR^4 / (8lη)

140.

What is the formula for determining the Reynolds number (Re)?

a)

Re = ρR / (ηv)

b)

Re = ρR^2 / (ηv)

c)

Re = 2ρR / (ηv)

d)

Re = 4ρR / (ηv)

141.

At what value of the Reynolds number (Re) does laminar flow occur?

a)

Re ≤ 3300

b)

Re ≤ 3000

c)

Re ≤ 2600

d)

Re ≤ 2300

142.

What is the main cause of the sound of the heart?

a)

The flow of blood in the aorta

b)

The flow of blood near the heart valve

c)

Changes in the frequency of heart muscle contractions

d)

Changes in the acoustic conductivity of the tissue

143.

Blood moves with a maximum flow rate:

a)

At the blood vessel wall

b)

In the middle of the blood vessel

c)

At a position halfway from the wall of the vessel

144.

Blood moves with maximum flow velocity:

a)

at the blood vessel wall

b)

in the middle of the blood vessel

c)

at a position halfway from the wall by half the radius of the vessel

d)

at a position a quarter of the radius from the wall

145.

An ideal fluid at rest in a pipe, where the pipe narrows, the static pressure:

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

first increases, then decreases

d)

first decreases, then increases

146.

An ideal fluid at rest in a pipe, where the pipe diameter increases, the static pressure:

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

first increases, then decreases

d)

first decreases, then increases

147.

For an ideal fluid where the pipe diameter doubles, the flow velocity:

a)

decreases by 4 times

b)

decreases by half

c)

increases by 2 times

d)

doubles

148.

The motion of an ideal fluid where the pipe diameter decreases by half, the flow velocity:

a)

decreases by 4 times

b)

decreases by half

c)

increases by 2 times

d)

doubles

149.

The speed of water in the wide part of a horizontal water pipe is 50 cm/s, what is the speed where the diameter is reduced by half?

a)

25 cm/s

b)

12.5 cm/s

c)

8.0 cm/s

d)

4.0 cm/s

150.

The flow rate of water in a horizontal pipe is 40π cm³/second. The speed of the fluid at a point in the pipe with a diameter of 2cm is:

a)

4.5 m/h

b)

40 m/s

c)

0.045 m/s

d)

40 cm/s

151.

Water flows in a horizontal pipe with a speed of 4m/s at a section with a diameter of 4cm. The speed of water flowing at a section with a diameter of 8cm is:

a)

6m/s

b)

1.5m/s

c)

2m/s

d)

1m/s

152.

The flow rate of the fluid is:

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