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Worksheets

Sisteme de Putere

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 6hrs 38mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Oferiți (desenați) un exemplu al arhitecturii unui sistem de energie.

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2.

Ce se înțelege prin rectificator?

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3.

Ce înseamnă un convertor DC/DC cu izolație?

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4.

Ce este un convertor de punct de încărcare?

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5.

Oferiți un exemplu de sistem de arhitectură a distribuției centralizate de energie.

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6.

Care este soluția tradițională de arhitectură a puterii în sistemele distribuite?

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7.

Care este soluția modernă (nouă) de arhitectură a sistemelor distribuite de putere?

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8.

Ce se înțelege prin recuperarea naturală inversă a unui diode?

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9.

Ce se înțelege prin recuperarea inversă forțată a unui diode?

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10.

Definiți două parametrii ai unui diode convențional care intervin în recuperarea inversă forțată (blocarea prin aplicarea unei tensiuni inverse)?

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11.

Descrie - cu ajutorul formelor de undă - funcționarea unui tiristor ca redresor.

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12.

Explicați pierderile de putere care apar atunci când comutați un tranzistor de putere? Puteți schița un desen.

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13.

Explicați căderile de tensiune printr-un tranzistor MOSFET în starea de conducție. De ce parametrii depinde?

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14.

Ce este un dispozitiv IGBT? Cum ai putea caracteriza funcționarea sa cu un circuit echivalent?

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15.

Explicați formele de undă implicate în comutarea directă (activarea) dispozitivelor de putere, cum ar fi IGBT.

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16.

Explicați formele de undă implicate în comutarea inversă (blocarea) dispozitivelor de putere, cum ar fi IGBT.

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17.

Listați cerințele îndeplinite de un circuit de pilotare a porților pentru un dispozitiv IGBT.

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18.

Ce parametri sunt influențați de selecția rezistenței de poartă într-un circuit de dispozitiv IGBT?

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19.

Ce înseamnă zona de operare sigură?

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20.

Ce este un dispozitiv GTO?

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21.

Ce este un circuit snubber?

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22.

Desenați circuitul unui convertor buck.

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23.

Care este expresia pentru tensiunea de ieșire a unui convertor buck în modul de conducție continuu?

a)

Vo=D*Vd

b)

Vo=D/Vd

c)

Vo=Vd/D

d)

Vo=Vd*D

24.

Cum este influențată tensiunea de ieșire a unui convertor buck de funcționarea în modul de conducție întrerupt?

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25.

Ce avantaje ar prezenta operarea la limita dintre conducția întreruptă și cea neîntreruptă?

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26.

Desenați circuitul unui convertor boost.

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27.

Care este expresia pentru tensiunea de ieșire a unui convertor boost?

(a)  

28.

Cum este influențată tensiunea de ieșire a unui convertor boost de funcționarea în modul de conducție întrerupt?

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29.

Desenați schema unui convertor DC multiphază. Explicați avantajele acestui convertor.

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30.

Ce se înțelege printr-un convertor sincron?

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31.

Caracteristicile ideale de transfer în tensiune și curent ale unui transformator.

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32.

Cum ai putea modela un transformator? Desenează un circuit echivalent care să includă toate componentele din model.

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33.

Ce se înțelege prin inductanța de magnetizare într-un transformator?

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34.

Ce înseamnă inductanța de pierdere într-un transformator?

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35.

Desenați schema unui convertor flyback, cu izolație printr-un transformator.

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36.

Desenați formele de undă principale care descriu funcționarea unui convertor flyback.

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37.

Care este tensiunea de ieșire calculată ideal pentru un mod de operare cu flux neîntrerupt?

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38.

Ce este un circuit de protecție snubber? Oferiți un exemplu într-un convertor flyback.

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39.

Desenați schema unui convertor direct (în avans), cu izolație printr-un transformator.

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40.

Desenați formele de undă principale care descriu funcționarea unui convertor direct.

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41.

Ce se înțelege prin ramura de descărcare într-un convertor direct (înainte)?

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42.

Ce se înțelege prin ramura de descărcare într-un convertor direct?

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43.

Desenați diagrama unui convertor de curent continuu care funcționează în modul push-pull.

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44.

Care este expresia pentru tensiunea de ieșire ca funcție a tensiunii de alimentare într-un convertor push-pull?

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45.

Desenați formele de undă principale care descriu funcționarea unui convertor push-pull.

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46.

Explicați principiul convertoarelor rezonante.

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47.

Desenați diagrama unui convertor de poduri cu control de fază.

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48.

Desenați diagrama și formele de undă principale pentru a descrie funcționarea unui convertor în punte cu control de fază.

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49.

Ce înseamnă timpul mort? Când (sau unde) este folosit acest concept?

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50.

De ce se urmărește comutarea tranzistorilor la tensiune zero?

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51.

Explain the principle of synchronous rectification in the secondary of isolated DC converters.

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52.

What is meant by Point-of-Load (PoL) converter?

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53.

What is meant by series regulator element in an analog mode voltage stabilizer?

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54.

What advantage does using a common collector configuration for the series regulator element provide?

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55.

Draw the generic structure of an automatic control system.

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56.

List three generally accepted requirements for designing the control law of a DC voltage stabilizer.

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57.

What are the general accepted requirements for the design of the control law of a DC voltage stabilizer?

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58.

How is the compensation (control) of a power supply in a common-emitter configuration achieved?

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59.

What is meant by LDO (Low Dropout Voltage) converters? Where are they used?

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60.

What contradictory conditions do we encounter in LDO converters?

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61.

If the series regulator element in an analog voltage stabilizer is used in a common-emitter configuration, what condition must we satisfy?

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62.

Draw a type I control scheme used for controlling a DC converter. What advantage does it present?

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63.

Draw a type II control scheme used for controlling a DC converter. What advantage does it present?

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64.

Draw a type III control scheme used for controlling a DC converter. What advantage does it present?

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65.

Draw a single-phase bridge rectifier with resistive load and calculate the average output voltage.

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66.

What is meant by the commutation angle in rectifiers?

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67.

What is the average value of the output voltage?

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68.

What is meant by the commutation angle in rectifiers?

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69.

What negative effects do rectifiers have on the power supply network?

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70.

Draw a three-phase midpoint rectifier.

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71.

Draw a three-phase bridge rectifier.

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72.

Define the powers involved in supplying a converter connected to the AC power grid.

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73.

Define the power factor using the components of power.

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74.

Define the displacement factor when supplying a load from the AC power grid.

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75.

Define the distortion factor when supplying a load from the AC power grid.

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76.

What are the objectives related to improving the power factor? You can use a drawing for explanation.

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77.

Draw the phasor diagram representing line and phase voltages in a three-phase system.

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78.

Draw the circuit used to improve the power factor using a single-phase rectifier bridge with diodes and a boost converter.

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79.

Draw the circuit of a three-phase converter with a single transistor used for power factor correction.

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80.

Draw the circuit of a single-phase converter operating in all four quadrants used for power factor correction.

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81.

Draw the diagram and waveforms that characterize the operation of an inverter branch without modulation.

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82.

Explain the role of dead-time in inverter control.

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83.

Draw the diagram and waveforms that characterize the operation of a single-phase inverter in bridge configuration without modulation.

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84.

What is meant by control using pulse width modulation technique? Explain with a drawing for the waveforms.

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85.

Explain with the help of a drawing how the command signals corresponding to a modulation technique can be produced.

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86.

What is the maximum AC voltage that can be obtained with an inverter branch?

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87.

How can the command signals corresponding to a modulation technique be produced?

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88.

What is the maximum voltage of alternating current that can be obtained with a branch of an inverter? How does this depend on the supply voltage in direct current?

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89.

Draw the circuit and briefly explain the operation of a single-phase inverter in bridge, controlled with modulation technique. Sketch the waveforms.

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90.

What is meant by modulation index in the control of inverters?

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91.

What is meant by a three-phase load in a triangle and what is meant by a star load?

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92.

Draw the diagram of a three-phase inverter with a star load, without connection of the neutral point.

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93.

What is specific (in terms of shape) about the phase voltage at the output of a three-phase inverter with a star load, without connection of the neutral point?

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94.

What is meant by over-modulation in the operation of inverters?

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95.

What is meant by a multi-level inverter?

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96.

Under what conditions can a branch of an inverter operate as a rectifier? What defines whether the same circuit works as an inverter or as a rectifier?

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97.

What is meant by an uninterruptible power supply (UPS)? What is meant by conditioning the supply voltage?

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98.

Calculate the average value of the voltage at the output of a rectifier with a single diode rectifier.

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99.

Calculate the average value of the voltage at the output of a rectifier with diodes connected in a single-phase bridge rectifier.

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100.

Calculate the average value of the voltage at the output of a rectifier with diodes connected in a three-phase bridge rectifier.

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101.

Explain the method of control with tracking of a sinusoidal reference for current peaks. This method is used to improve the power factor at the supply from the grid.

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102.

Explain the method of control with hysteresis and variable frequency of pulses. This method is used to improve the power factor at the supply from the grid.

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103.

Explain the method of current control with a current regulator. This method is used to improve the power factor at the supply from the grid.

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104.

If we connect a bridge-type inverter topology

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105.

If we connect an inverter topology in a single-phase bridge through an inductance to the AC power supply, what are the requirements (two) for designing the control scheme?

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106.

What is the role of using Clarke/Park coordinate transforms in defining the control scheme of a three-phase grid interface?

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107.

Explain the Clarke transform.

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108.

Explain the Park transform.

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109.

Draw the block diagram of the control system for the supply currents for a three-phase converter connected to the grid, with the separation of current components through coordinate transformations.

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110.

How can you explain the advantage of using a modulation technique in controlling an inverter compared to the case of control without modulation technique? What components will we encounter in the harmonic spectra if we use a modulation technique?

a)

advantage in operating with a unit power factor

b)

advantage in reducing supply harmonics to meet standards for grid connection

111.

What is the composition of the harmonic spectrum for the supply current in the case of a single-phase converter with power factor correction (you can consider a single-phase rectifier bridge with diodes and a boost converter)?

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112.

What is the disadvantage of controlling with a fixed fill factor of a power supply circuit made with a single-phase bridge, with diodes and a boost converter?

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113.

What is meant by synchronized modulation technique?

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114.

Why is the topology with a diode bridge rectifier followed by a boost converter NOT recommended for power factor control at values different from one (current in phase with voltage)?

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115.

Calculate the average value of the rectified voltage at a three-phase rectifier with a median point? Sketch the waveforms to calculate.

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