Gastrin acts on parietal cells via H1 receptors.

Antacids should be taken before meals for maximum effectiveness.

Misoprostol is contraindicated in pregnancy.

Antacids may interfere with the absorption of tetracyclines and iron salts.

Famotidine is the least potent H2 receptor antagonist.

Bismuth subsalicylate causes blackening of the tongue and stool.

Revaprazan is an example of a potassium-competitive acid blocker.

Aluminium hydroxide causes diarrhea.

Calcium carbonate can cause milk-alkali syndrome if overused.

Sodium bicarbonate is safe for long-term use in patients with peptic ulcers.

Cimetidine can cause gynecomastia due to its antiandrogenic effects.

Acetylcholine stimulates parietal cells through M3 receptors using the IP3-DAG pathway.

Proton pump inhibitors can decrease the effectiveness of clopidogrel.

NSAID-induced ulcers are best treated with sucralfate alone.

Histamine stimulates gastric acid secretion via H2 receptors linked to cAMP production.

Proton pump inhibitors bind reversibly to the H+/K+ ATPase pump.

Omeprazole should be taken before meals for maximum efficacy.

Triple therapy for H. pylori eradication typically includes a PPI and two antibiotics.

Magnesium hydroxide is associated with constipation.