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Chapter 9 Review Assignment

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Watson and Crick worked at Cambridge in the 1950s to determine the structure of which molecule?

a)

RNA

b)

Protein

c)

DNA

d)

Carbohydrate

2.

Who used X-ray crystallography to photograph the structure of DNA?

a)

Watson and Crick

b)

Linus Pauling and Maurice Wilkins

c)

Rosalind Franklin

d)

All of the above

3.

Chargaff’s rules revealed that nucleotide pairs occur in ______ amounts, hinting at base pairing.

a)

equal

b)

random

c)

unequal

d)

opposite

4.

In 1962, Watson, Crick, and Wilkins received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of the structure of DNA.

a)

True

b)

False

5.

Figure 9.2 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of DNA discovered by which scientist?

a)

Rosalind Franklin

b)

James Watson

c)

Francis Crick

d)

Maurice Wilkins

6.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

Double helix

b)

Triple helix

c)

Single strand

d)

Circular

7.

DNA is made of two strands of ______ running in opposite directions (antiparallel).

a)

nucleotides

b)

amino acids

c)

fatty acids

d)

monosaccharides

8.

Nucleotides are composed of...

a)

A phosphate group

b)

A deoxyribose sugar

c)

A nitrogenous base

d)

All of the above

9.

Strands of DNA are held together by ______ bonds between complementary bases.

a)

hydrogen

b)

covalent

c)

ionic

d)

peptide

10.

DNA is tightly coiled and packed into _______ for efficient storage.

a)
chromatids
b)
nucleotides
c)
chromosomes
d)
genes
11.

Which type of cell has DNA that is linear and located inside the nucleus?

a)

Eukaryotic Cells

b)

Prokaryotic Cells

c)

Both

d)

Neither

12.

In prokaryotic cells, DNA is usually found in what shape?

a)

Linear

b)

Circular

c)

Spiral

d)

Helical

13.

What are the proteins called that DNA wraps around to form chromatin in eukaryotic cells?

a)

histones

b)

ribosomes

c)

polymerases

d)

ligases

14.

In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is located in a membrane-bound nucleus.

a)

True

b)

False

15.

Small circular DNA fragments in prokaryotic cells are called ________.

a)

plasmids

b)

chromosomes

c)

ribosomes

d)

lysosomes

16.

Which eukaryotic cell structures possess their own circular DNA separate from the nucleus?

a)

Both mitochondria (eukaryotes) and chloroplasts (in plants)

b)

Mitochondria (eukaryotes) only

c)

Chloroplasts (plants) only

d)

Lysosomes

17.

Refer to the diagram. Which cell type contains a nucleolus and chromatin?

a)

Eukaryote

b)

Prokaryote

18.

Which of the following best describes the structure formed when nucleosomes are linked by short DNA segments in eukaryotic cells?

a)

Beads on a string

b)

Double helix

c)

Supercoiled structure

d)

Chromosome

19.

DNA fits inside a prokaryotic cell via _______, where DNA is twisted beyond the double helix.

a)

Nucleosome formation

b)
Supercoiling
c)

Chromatin condensation

d)

Histone wrapping

20.

In eukaryotic cells, dark-staining (heterochromatin) regions are tightly packed and gene expression is inactive.

a)

True

b)

False

21.

What does RNA stand for?

a)

Ribonucleic acid

b)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

c)

Ribosomal acid

d)

Nucleic acid

22.

RNA functions to ________ the genes in DNA to produce proteins.

a)

decode

b)

duplicate

c)

delete

d)

damage

23.

Each RNA nucleotide consists of which of the following? (Select all that apply)

a)

A nitrogenous base (A, U, C, G)

b)

A phosphate group

c)

A five-carbon sugar called ribose

d)

A six-carbon sugar called glucose

24.

Which sugar is found in RNA nucleotides?

a)

Deoxyribose

b)

Ribose

c)

Glucose

d)

Fructose

25.

tRNA carries the genetic code from DNA.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Name the three major types of RNA used in protein synthesis.

a)

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

b)

DNA, mRNA, tRNA

c)

rRNA, DNA, tRNA

d)

mRNA, DNA, rRNA

27.

What is the 5-carbon sugar found in DNA?

a)

Ribose

b)

Deoxyribose

c)

Glucose

d)

Fructose

28.

Which nitrogen base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Uracil

d)

Cytosine

29.

Which nitrogen base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Uracil

d)

Guanine

30.

Fill in the blank: The shape of RNA is _________.

a)

Single-stranded

b)

Double-stranded

c)

Helical with paired strands

d)

Circular

31.

Where is RNA located in the cell?

a)

Nucleus & cytoplasm

b)

Cell membrane

c)

Mitochondria only

d)

Golgi apparatus

32.

What does DNA replication ensure during cell division?

a)

Each daughter cell gets a different DNA copy

b)

Each daughter cell gets an identical DNA copy

c)

DNA is destroyed

d)

DNA is not copied

33.

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

a)

G1 phase

b)

S phase

c)

G2 phase

d)

M phase

34.

The double helix structure revealed that DNA strands are complementary. Which of the following pairs is correct?

a)

A pairs with G; C with T

b)

A pairs with T; C with G

c)

A pairs with C; T with G

d)

A pairs with T; G with C

35.

Each DNA strand serves as a _______ to create its complementary strand.

a)

template

b)

enzyme

c)

substrate

d)

catalyst

36.

DNA replication follows the _______ model, where each new DNA molecule has one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

a)

semiconservative

b)

conservative

c)

dispersive

d)

fragmented

37.

Resulting DNA copies after replication have identical nucleotide sequences, equally divided into the daughter cells.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

DNA Replication in Eukaryotes: Which of the following is NOT one of the three main stages of DNA replication in eukaryotes?

a)

Initiation

b)

Elongation

c)

Termination

d)

Translation

39.

DNA is packaged into ________ (DNA + histones).

a)

nucleosomes

b)

ribosomes

c)

centrosomes

d)

lysosomes

40.

DNA replication begins at specific _________.

a)

origins

b)

ribosomes

c)

promoters

d)

telomeres

41.

Which enzyme unwinds DNA, forming replication forks?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Ligase

c)

Helicase

d)

Primase

42.

What enzyme adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the new DNA strand during replication elongation in eukaryotes?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

RNA primer

d)

Okazaki fragment

43.

What is required to start DNA synthesis during replication elongation in eukaryotes?

a)

DNA ligase

b)

Okazaki fragments

c)

RNA primer

d)

DNA polymerase

44.

The leading strand is synthesized continuously toward the fork.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

The lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments called ________, each needing a primer.

a)

Okazaki fragments

b)

Kornberg fragments

c)

Watson fragments

d)

Franklin fragments

46.

What enzyme seals the gaps after RNA primers are removed and replaced with DNA during replication elongation in eukaryotes?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

DNA ligase

c)

RNA primer

d)

Okazaki fragment

47.

What are telomeres?

a)

The coding regions of DNA

b)

The protective end caps of linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells

c)

The enzymes that replicate DNA

d)

The regions where chromosomes fuse

48.

In humans, which DNA sequence is repeated hundreds to thousands of times in telomeres?

a)

ATCGTA

b)

TTAGGG

c)

GCTAAC

d)

CCGGTT

49.

Which of the following is NOT a function of telomeres?

a)

Protect chromosome ends from damage and degradation

b)

Prevent chromosomes from fusing with each other

c)

Contain genes that code for proteins

d)

Shorten with each cell division

50.

Telomeres prevent chromosomes from fusing with each other.

a)

True

b)

False

51.

What happens to telomere length as a person ages, as shown in the diagram?

a)

It increases

b)

It stays the same

c)

It shortens

d)

It disappears completely

52.

The enzyme __________ extends the telomeres by adding DNA sequences using its own RNA template.

a)

telomerase

b)

helicase

c)

ligase

d)

primase

53.

The ends of linear chromosomes are maintained by the action of the telomerase enzyme.

a)

True

b)

False

54.

What type of chromosome does prokaryotic DNA have?

a)

Single linear chromosome

b)

Single circular chromosome

c)

Multiple linear chromosomes

d)

Multiple circular chromosomes

55.

DNA replication in prokaryotes starts at a _________.

a)

single origin of replication

b)

multiple origins of replication

c)

random site

d)

telomere

56.

Replication in prokaryotes proceeds in both directions around the circle. What is this process called?

a)

Unidirectional

b)

Bidirectional

c)

Multidirectional

d)

Linear

57.

The replication rate in prokaryotes is _______ than in eukaryotes.

a)

faster

b)

slower

c)

equal

d)

more variable

58.

Is telomerase needed for prokaryotic DNA replication?

a)

Yes

b)

No

59.

Why is prokaryotic replication simpler and quicker?

a)

Due to larger genome size

b)

Due to smaller genome size and structure

c)

Due to more complex structure

d)

Due to linear chromosomes

60.

Refer to the diagram showing DNA replication in prokaryotes. What does the blue line represent?

a)

Old DNA

b)

New DNA

c)

RNA

d)

Protein

61.

Replication in prokaryotes proceeds in both directions around the circle. What is this process called?

a)

Unidirectional

b)

Bidirectional

c)

Multidirectional

d)

Linear

62.

The replication rate in prokaryotes is _______ than in eukaryotes.

a)

faster

b)

slower

c)

equal

d)

more variable

63.

Telomerase is needed for DNA replication in prokaryotes.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

Why is prokaryotic replication simpler and quicker?

a)

Due to larger genome size

b)

Due to smaller genome size and structure

c)

Due to linear chromosomes

d)

Due to more complex enzymes

65.

What does the blue line in the replication bubble represent?

a)

Old DNA

b)

New DNA

c)

RNA

d)

Protein

66.

What is the main function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

a)

Adds new nucleotides only

b)

Proofreads and corrects errors during replication

c)

Removes damaged sections

d)

Causes mutations

67.

If errors escape proofreading, which repair mechanism detects and replaces the incorrect base after replication?

a)

Nucleotide excision repair

b)

Mismatch repair

c)

Thymine dimer repair

d)

Mutation repair

68.

Nucleotide excision repair removes damaged sections, including ________ caused by UV light, and replaces them using the correct template.

a)

thymine dimers

b)

adenine dimers

c)

guanine dimers

d)

cytosine dimers

69.

Thymine dimers form when adjacent thymines bond incorrectly, potentially leading to mutations if not repaired.

a)

True

b)

False

70.
What is occurring in this picture?
a)
Translation
b)
DNA Replication
c)
Polymerase is unzipping the DNA
d)
Transcription
71.
What is the mRNA strand that would be created from this DNA strand:
T A C A G G C C T
a)
A C G T C C G G A
b)
A U G U C C G G A
c)
T U G G G C C A T
d)
U T G U C C G G U
72.
What does Letter C indicate?
a)
Polypeptide Chain
b)
Anticodon
c)
Codon
d)
Amino Acid
73.
What process is occurring in the diagram?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
Mitosis
74.

Transcription is the process that makes _______ from _______.

a)

RNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA

c)

DNA, DNA

d)

DNA, RNA

75.

Translation is the process that uses __________ to make a ____________.

a)

DNA, RNA

b)

RNA, DNA

c)

Ribosome, DNA

d)

RNA, polypeptide (protein)

76.

Transcription happens in the ___________ and Translation happens in the ________________.

a)

Ribosome, nucleus

b)

Cytoplasm, nucleus

c)

Nucleus, cytoplasm

d)

Nucleus, nucleus

77.

What is mRNA's purpose?

a)

to bring amino acids to the ribosome

b)

to make up ribosomes

c)

to make DNA

d)

to carry DNA's message out of the nucleus

78.
What molecules do both DNA and RNA contain?
a)
uracil
b)
nucleotides
c)
thymine
d)
deoxyribose
79.

A change occurs in one codon of a gene, changing the codon from GAA to GUA. This change is called...

a)
a mutation
b)
crossing-over
c)
a meiosis error
d)
polyploidy
80.

What is the purpose of the chart shown in the image?

a)

To show the structure of DNA

b)

To show the process of transcription

c)

To indicate what codon codes for each amino acid

d)

To display the different types of nucleic acids

81.

The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?

a)

new DNA

b)

polypeptide

c)

messenger RNA

d)

transfer RNA

82.

Translate the mRNA codons CUC-AGG. Which of the following would be the correct amino acid sequence for these codons?

a)

Leu-Arg

b)

Thr-Ser

c)

Leu-Lys

d)

Met-Val

83.

Replicate the following sequence: GGC-ATA-CTC

a)

CCG-TAA-GAG

b)

GGC-ATA-CTC

c)

CCG-TAT-GAG

d)

CCG-UAU-GAG

84.

Identify the correct sequence described by the Central Dogma (flow of genetic information).

a)

DNA → RNA → protein

b)

protein → DNA → RNA

c)

RNA → protein → DNA

d)

protein → RNA → DNA

85.

What amino acid serves as the "start" codon?

a)

alanine

b)

valine

c)

methionine (met)

d)

purine

86.

The three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid is called the ____.

a)

anticodon

b)

codon

c)

protein

d)

triplet

87.

The ______ signal the initiation of RNA synthesis during transcription.

a)

promoter

b)

enhancer

c)

terminator

d)

repressor

88.

Select the correct order that tRNA travels through the ribosomal sites.

a)

E → P → A

b)

P → A → E

c)

A → P → E

d)

A → E → P

89.

mRNA processing includes all of the following EXCEPT

a)

Addition of 5' cap

b)

Removal of introns

c)

Removal of exons

d)

Addition of Poly A tail

90.

Which of the following best describes an operon?

a)

A group of genes regulated together under a single promoter

b)

A single gene coding for a protein

c)

A region of DNA found only in eukaryotes

d)

A segment of DNA that codes only for tRNA

91.

What is the function of the operator region in an operon?

a)

It acts as a ribosome binding site

b)

It codes for a repressor protein

c)

It binds regulatory proteins to control transcription

d)

It initiates DNA replication

92.

Which of the following is an example of an inducible operon in prokaryotes?

a)

telomere operon

b)

lac operon

c)

trp operon

d)

rRNA operon

93.

DNA methylation is an example of which type of modification?

a)

Epigenetic modification

b)

Genetic mutation

c)

Protein folding

d)

RNA splicing

94.
The top of a tRNA molecule contains the ___________________ which are then assembled in a chain
a)
amino acid
b)
codon
c)
DNA
d)
anticodon
95.

Which of the following best describes the effect of histone acetylation on gene expression?

a)

It condenses chromatin and represses gene expression

b)

It degrades histone proteins

c)

It relaxes chromatin and promotes gene expression

d)

It causes DNA methylation

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