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WorksheetsChapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3 RTE 1401, Chapter 4 RTE 1401
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
Who was Thomas Edison's assistant that received severe burns, multiple amputations, and finally died due to radiation exposure?
Clarence Dally
Nikola Tesla
Lewis Latimer
Francis Jehl
When was the first x-ray discovered and by whom?
November 8, 1895 Wilhelm Roetgen
July 4, 1901 Marie Curie
March 12, 1888 Thomas Edison
January 15, 1905 Alexander Fleming
What are the three quantities that make up the quantities pyramid?
Fundamental quantities, derived quantities, and radiologic quantities
Primary quantities, secondary quantities, and tertiary quantities
Mass, length, and time
Scalar quantities, vector quantities, and tensor quantities
When fundamental quantities are combined, what quantities are formed?
derived
primary
elementary
basic
What forms of energy exist?
electrical, electromagnetic, thermal and chemical, nuclear
mechanical, gravitational, elastic, luminous
magnetic, sonic, kinetic, potential
frictional, static, rotational, vibrational
The Gray is equal to the absorption of ___ joule of radiation per kg of tissue
1
10
100
0.1
What are the six parts that make up the permanently installed radiographic equipment?
Tube, collimator, table, control console, tube stand, and wall unit
Tube, generator, film holder, light source, grid, and cassette
Tube, collimator, processor, darkroom, table, and cassette
Tube, collimator, wall unit, processor, light source, and grid
What are the 2 electrodes that the x-ray consists of?
anode and cathode
proton and neutron
diode and triode
filament and grid
What controls the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam?
Kvp controls the quality which controls the penetrating ability
mA controls the quantity which does not affect penetration
Exposure time determines the duration, not penetration
Filtration only removes low energy x-rays
If 6 kilograms of water are frozen, what will the mass of the ice be?
6kg
5kg
6.5kg
7kg
What is the maximum tilt for a fluoroscopic exam table?
30 degrees toward the head and 90 degrees toward the feet.
45 degrees toward the head and 60 degrees toward the feet.
20 degrees toward the head and 80 degrees toward the feet.
15 degrees toward the head and 75 degrees toward the feet.
What is ALARA?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
As Long As Radiation Allows
All Levels Are Regulated Always
Average Level And Risk Assessment
What are the 3 cardinal rules for ALARA?
time, distance, and shielding
mass, volume, and density
speed, accuracy, and precision
temperature, humidity, and pressure
What is the difference between radiographic quantity and quality?
Quantity - intensity, number of photons, and exposure; Quality - Penetrability and energy level.
Quantity - only the energy level; Quality - only the number of photons.
Quantity - the type of radiation; Quality - the amount of exposure time.
Quantity - the color of the image; Quality - the brightness of the image.
What is acute radiodermatitis?
a skin reddening and inflammation caused by prolonged exposure to ionizing radiation
a chronic lung disease caused by inhaling dust particles
a bacterial infection resulting in joint pain and swelling
a genetic disorder affecting blood clotting
What is a cathode ray tube?
a partial vacuum tube that produced an electron stream and was used to study cathode rays and led to the discovery of x-rays
a device used to amplify sound waves in musical instruments
a type of battery used in early telegraphs
a glass container used to store chemicals in laboratories
Fluoroscope is ?
a live video of that uses a continuous beam of x-rays to create dynamic images of internal structures that can be viewed on a display monitor
a device used to measure blood pressure
an instrument for listening to the sounds produced within the body
a tool for measuring body temperature
Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy to ionize atoms.
radiation with enough energy to ionize atoms
radiation that cannot penetrate matter
radiation with no effect on atoms
radiation that only heats objects
What are the radiologic quantities?
dose, dose equivalent, exposure, and radioactivity.
mass, volume, temperature, and pressure.
velocity, acceleration, force, and energy.
current, resistance, voltage, and capacitance.
Who brought the attention to the dangers of x-rays?
Thomas Edison
Marie Curie
Wilhelm Röntgen
Nikola Tesla
What are the fundamental quantities?
mass, length, time
force, energy, power
speed, velocity, acceleration
pressure, temperature, volume
What are the two systems of unit measurement?
SI (System International metric system) and OLD (British System)
CGS (Centimeter Gram Second) and FPS (Foot Pound Second)
MKS (Meter Kilogram Second) and Imperial System
Metric System and Customary System
What is the quantity of matter?
Mass
Volume
Density
Weight
What is anything that occupies space, has shape or form and has mass?
matter
energy
light
sound
What does not change with gravitational force?
Mass
Weight
Acceleration due to gravity
Force
What is the SI unit and the standard unit for mass?
SI - kg British system - pound
SI - meter British system - yard
SI - second British system - minute
SI - ampere British system - volt
What is the SI unit and British System unit for length?
SI - meter British System - ft
SI - kilogram British System - pound
SI - second British System - minute
SI - liter British System - gallon
How do we measure time in both systems?
seconds
meters
grams
liters
What is Velocity?
the distance traveled divided by the time to cover the distance
the time taken to travel a certain distance
the force applied to move an object
the energy possessed by a moving object
What is the formula for Velocity?
V= d/t
V= t/d
V= d*t
V= d+t
What is the formula for acceleration?
a = (Vf - Vo)/t
a = (Vo + Vf)/2
a = t/(Vf - Vo)
a = (Vf - Vo)*t
What is Velocity measured in?
m/s (meters per second)
kg (kilograms)
N (newtons)
J (joules)
What is the formula for momentum?
P=mv (momentum = mass x velocity)
P=m/v (momentum = mass divided by velocity)
P=v/m (momentum = velocity divided by mass)
P=m+v (momentum = mass plus velocity)
What is the unit of measurement for momentum?
kg·m/s
N·m
kg/m
m/s
What is the formula for Work?
Work = Fd (force x distance)
Work = mgh (mass x gravity x height)
Work = 21mv2 (half mass x velocity squared)
Work = P/t (power divided by time)
Work is measured in?
Joules
Watts
Newtons
Volts
What is an expression of the force applied to an object multiplied by the distance across which it is applied?
work
power
energy
momentum
What is equal to work divided by time during which work is done?
power
force
energy
velocity
Formula for power
P = work / time (P=W/t)
P = force × distance (P=F×d)
P = mass × acceleration (P=m×a)
P = energy × time (P=E×t)
What units is power measured in?
Watts (W)
Joules (J)
Volts (V)
Amperes (A)
What is inertia?
the property of an object that resists changes in its motion
the force that causes objects to move
the energy stored in an object due to its position
the speed at which an object travels
What is Newton's first law of motion?
An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an external force and an object in motion stays in motion with the same velocity and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
What is energy?
the ability to work
a type of matter
a form of sound
the process of growth
What are the 2 states of energy?
potential and kinetic
thermal and electrical
chemical and nuclear
magnetic and sound
What is the measure of the number of electrons liberated by ionization per kilogram of air?
Coulomb/kilogram
Joule/kilogram
Ampere/second
Newton/meter
What is ionization?
the removal of an electron from orbit
the addition of a proton to the nucleus
the splitting of an atom into two smaller atoms
the combination of two atoms to form a molecule
What is the SI unit for the absorbed dose by patient?
Gray
Sievert
Becquerel
Curie
What is the old (British system) unit for dose?
Rad
Gray
Sievert
Becquerel
What is an expression of the quantity of radiation energy absorbed by tissues being irradiated?
gray
sievert
curie
becquerel
What standard unit gives measure to the amount of energy deposited by ionizing radiation in any target not just air?
rad
gray
sievert
rem
What is used to quantify the occupational exposure or dose equivalent?
Sievert
Gray
Becquerel
Curie
X-rays travel at the
speed of light 3x108 m/s
speed of sound 343 m/s
speed of water waves 1500 m/s
speed of seismic waves 5000 m/s
1 coulomb is the charge associated with _______
6.24 x 10^18 electrons
1.6 x 10^{-19} electrons
3.0 x 10^8 electrons
9.1 x 10−31 electrons
Roentgen
Roentgen
Curie
Tesla
Newton
The _____ is used to quantify radiation intensity.
rem
joule
ampere
kelvin
The standard unit for occupational exposure or dose equivalent is?
rem
gray
becquerel
curie
What are the units for SI and old British system for radioactivity?
SI - Bq Becquerel Old - Ci Curie
SI - Ci Curie Old - Bq Becquerel
SI - Gy Gray Old - Sv Sievert
SI - Sv Sievert Old - Gy Gray
What is Kerma?
kinetic energy released in matter
a type of radioactive decay
the process of nuclear fusion
a unit of electric current
What is used to describe the quantity of radiation energy delivered to a given point?
Kerma
Sievert
Gray
Becquerel
What are permanently installed units divided into?
tube, collimator, table, wall unit, control console, tube stand
generator, detector, software, monitor
battery, cable, switch, fuse
sensor, actuator, processor, display
What form the tube head assembly?
X-ray tube, tube stand, collimator
Control panel, timer, exposure switch
Image receptor, processing unit, display monitor
Transformer, rectifier, filter
What are the derived quantities?
velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, work, and power
length, mass, time, temperature, current, and amount of substance
meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole
area, volume, density, pressure, energy, and frequency
What are the 2 electrodes that the x-ray consist of?
anode and cathode
proton and neutron
filament and grid
collector and emitter
What gives mobility to the x-ray tube?
tube stand or tube mount
collimator
detector
control panel
What has 2 pairs of lead shutters, restricts the beam, projects
collimator
detector
filter
grid
What are the 3 cardinal principles of ALARA?
time, shielding, distance
mass, volume, density
pressure, temperature, humidity
speed, acceleration, force
As time increases, what happens to the dose?
it goes up
it stays the same
it disappears completely
it goes down
The intensity of radiation on an object ______ over distance.
diminishes
increases
remains constant
fluctuates
What is a photon?
discrete bundle of energy travelling at the speed of light
a particle with mass that moves slower than light
a wave of sound energy in air
a charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
Quantity = _______, _______, and ______.
number of photons, intensity, and exposure
wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
energy, mass, and velocity
distance, time, and speed
Quality =
penetrability and level of energy
quantity and duration
speed and wavelength
intensity and frequency
______ controls the quantity and quality of the x-ray beam.
Exposure factors
Collimator
Grid
Cassette
If you decrease patient dose, you ____ collimation.
increase
decrease
ignore
maintain
You must change ____ in order to change the energy level.
kVp
mA
exposure time
filtration
What is the unit of measurement for length in SI and old?
SI - m old - ft
SI - kg old - lb
SI - s old - min
SI - A old - V
Formula for force
Force = mass x acceleration
Force = mass / acceleration
Force = acceleration / mass
Force = mass + acceleration
What is the units of measurement for Force?
Newton (N)
Joule (J)
Watt (W)
Pascal (Pa)
What are the two exposure factors?
kVp and mAs
SID and OID
Grid ratio and Focal spot size
Collimation and Filtration
What does mAs control?
Quantity (# of x-ray photons, exposure, intensity)
Image sharpness
Patient positioning
Type of tissue imaged
What does kVp control?
Quality (energy level and penetrating ability)
Image brightness
Exposure time
Patient positioning
What is essential to the study of radiologic science?
Understanding the atom
Learning about ancient history
Mastering culinary skills
Studying classical music
Interactions between the x-ray tube that produce X-rays and interactions between x-ray photons and the human body occur at the ________
atomic level
molecular level
cellular level
tissue level
X-ray photons exiting the patient interact at the atomic level of the _____ to create images.
image receptor
control panel
x-ray tube
collimator
Who was associated with the earliest atomic theory?
Leucippus
Aristotle
Newton
Dalton
Who was credited with formulating the earliest atomic theory, hypothesized that all things were made of tiny indivisible structures and sweet things are made of smooth atoms and bitter things are made of sharp atoms?
Democritus of Abdera
Aristotle
John Dalton
Isaac Newton
What was John Dalton known for?
in 1800's developed the sound atomic theory based on scientific evidence
discovered the electron in 1897
formulated the periodic law
invented the spectroscope
Who was Dmitri Mendeleev?
organized known elements into a periodic table
discovered the electron
developed the theory of relativity
invented the telephone
Who discovered the electron while studying cathode ray tubes and developed the plum pudding model?
Joseph John "J.J." Thomson
Ernest Rutherford
Niels Bohr
James Chadwick
Who conducted experiments with alpha particles and proposed the new model of the atom that resembled a tiny version of our solar system?
Ernest Rutherford
Niels Bohr
J.J. Thomson
James Chadwick
Who came up with the modern theory which is the fundamentals of particles and that the quantity of each is unique to the matter or element it composes?
Niels Bohr
Isaac Newton
Dmitri Mendeleev
Marie Curie
What are the fundamental particles of atoms?
electrons, neutrons, and protons
molecules, ions, and atoms
quarks, leptons, and bosons
cells, tissues, and organs
What is made up of protons and neutrons?
nucleus
electron cloud
molecule
atom shell
What are the protons and neutrons collectively called?
nucleons
isotopes
electrons
ions
What fundamental particle has the largest mass?
neutrons
protons
electrons
muons
What orbit the nucleus in defined energy levels and distances from that nucleus?
electrons
protons
neutrons
photons
Atoms have the same number of protons as _______
electrons
neutrons
molecules
isotopes
Electrical charge is a __________ characteristic of matter
characteristic
chemical
magnetic
thermal
If an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons, it has _______
no net charge and is a stable atom
a positive charge and is unstable
a negative charge and is radioactive
an excess of neutrons
If the negative charges outnumber the positives, the atom is called what?
a negative ion or anion
a positive ion or cation
a neutral atom
a molecule
If the positive charges outnumber the negatives, the atom is called a ______
positive ion
negative ion
neutral atom
isotope
