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BMS I Exam Review

Total questions: 64

Worksheet time: 32mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

1st reaction of Krebs cycle?

a)

Formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl‑CoA

b)

Oxidation of isocitrate to α‑ketoglutarate

c)

Conversion of succinyl‑CoA to succinate

d)

Hydration of fumarate to malate

2.

Examples of disaccharides?

a)

Sucrose, lactose, maltose

b)

Glucose, fructose, galactose

c)

Starch, cellulose, glycogen

3.

Order NADH electrons travel through complexes?

a)

Complex I → III → IV

b)

Complex II → III → IV

c)

Complex I → II → IV

d)

Complex III → I → IV

4.

Structure of Glycogen?

a)

α(1,4) glycosidic bonds with (1,6) branching

b)

β(1,4) linkages with (1,6) branching

c)

α(1,2) linkages only

d)

Linear α(1,4) structure, no branches

5.

How non-essential amino acids are made?

a)

Transamination

b)

Oxidative phosphorylation

c)

Deamination

d)

Beta‑oxidation

6.

Mono‑oxygenase for drug detoxification?

a)

Cytochrome P450

b)

Flavin-containing monooxygenase

c)

Alcohol dehydrogenase

d)

UDP‑glucuronosyltransferase

7.

Which process generates ATP aerobically?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Beta-oxidation

c)

Oxidative phosphorylation

d)

Fermentation

8.

What is the primary cause of lactose intolerance?

a)

Maltase deficiency

b)

Glucose transporter mutation

c)

Lactase deficiency

d)

Sucrase overproduction

9.

What is the intermediate between glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

a)

Glucose-6-phosphate

b)

Oxaloacetate

c)

Acetyl CoA

d)

Pyruvate kinase

10.

What is the major pathway for generating glucose in the kidneys?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Gluconeogenesis

c)

Glycogenolysis

d)

Lipogenesis

11.

What condition results when Acetyl CoA from lipolysis cannot enter the TCA cycle due to a lack of oxaloacetate?

a)

Hypoglycemia

b)

Ketoacidosis

c)

Lactic acidosis

d)

Hyperammonemia

12.

Which proteins contain iron and are part of the electron transport chain?

a)

Myosin

b)

Ferritin

c)

Cytochromes

d)

Keratin

13.

The rate of cellular respiration is primarily controlled by the availability of which molecule?

a)

NADH

b)

Glucose

c)

ADP

d)

Oxygen

14.

What are the folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane that contain enzymes and cytochromes called?

a)

Thylakoids

b)

Cristae

c)

Microvilli

d)

Lamellae

15.

What is considered the energy currency of the cell?

a)

NAD+

b)

FAD

c)

ATP

d)

Creatine

16.

Which type of diabetes is characterized by decreased insulin secretion?

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

c)

Gestational

d)

MODY

17.

Which key enzyme in glycolysis is regulated by allosteric control?

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Pyruvate kinase

c)

PFK-1

d)

Glucokinase

18.

Which hormone is produced in response to hypoglycemia?

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Cortisol

d)

Epinephrine

19.

Which enzyme breaks down glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate?

a)

Glucose-6-phosphatase

b)

Phosphorylase

c)

Aldolase

20.

Which second messenger is responsible for regulating glycogenolysis?

a)

IP3

b)

DAG

c)

cAMP

d)

GTP

21.

Which enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate under anaerobic conditions?

a)

Pyruvate carboxylase

b)

Hexokinase

c)

Lactate dehydrogenase

d)

Aldolase

22.

Deficiency in which vitamin results in impaired glucose metabolism?

a)

Vitamin C

b)

Vitamin B1

c)

Vitamin B6

d)

Vitamin B12

23.

Which liver enzyme phosphorylates dietary glucose?

a)

Glucokinase

b)

Hexokinase II

c)

Fructokinase

d)

Phosphoglucose isomerase

24.

In vitamin B1 deficiency, which enzyme becomes deficient and leads to lactic acidosis?

a)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

b)

Lactate dehydrogenase

c)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

d)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

25.

What condition is commonly seen in liver failure due to decreased amino acid metabolism?

a)

Ketoacidosis

b)

Hyperammonemia

c)

Metabolic alkalosis

d)

Hypokalemia

26.

How many NADH molecules are produced per acetyl CoA in the TCA cycle?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

27.

Which vitamin is found in NADH?

a)

B2 (riboflavin)

b)

B3 (niacin)

c)

B5 (pantothenic acid)

d)

B6 (pyridoxine)

28.

What type of reactions involve the transfer of metabolic intermediates?

a)

Catabolic reactions

b)

Anapleurotic reactions

c)

Fermentation reactions

d)

Photolytic reactions

29.

What is a common intermediate of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism?

a)

Oxaloacetate

b)

Pyruvate

c)

Acetyl CoA

d)

Succinyl CoA

30.

Which vitamin is found in FADH₂?

a)

B1 (thiamine)

b)

B2 (riboflavin)

c)

B3 (niacin)

d)

B7 (biotin)

31.

Which vitamin is found in Coenzyme A (CoA)?

a)

Vitamin B3 (niacin)

b)

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

c)

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

d)

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

32.

Which enzyme is involved in substrate-level phosphorylation in the citric acid cycle?

a)

Citrate synthase

b)

Succinate thiokinase (succinyl-CoA synthetase)

c)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

d)

Aconitase

33.

Which enzyme cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in glycolysis?

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Aldolase

c)

Enolase

d)

Phosphofructokinase-1

34.

What is the term for increased oxygen consumption following anaerobic activity?

a)

Oxygen debt

b)

Hypoxia

c)

Anaerobic threshold

d)

Hypercapnia

35.

After being formed in the cytosol, where is lactate transferred for re-oxidation?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Endoplasmic reticulum

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Golgi apparatus

36.

What molecules often serve as co-enzymes and prosthetic groups in proteins?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Nucleic acids

c)

Vitamins

d)

Lipids

37.

What are the iron-containing heme proteins involved in electron transport called?

a)

Hemoglobin

b)

Ferritin

c)

Cytochromes

d)

Myoglobin

38.

What is the correct order of electron flow from FADH₂ through the electron transport chain?

a)

I → III → IV

b)

II → III → IV

c)

I → II → IV

d)

III → I → IV

39.

Can acetyl CoA be used for gluconeogenesis?

a)

Always

b)

Sometimes

c)

Yes

d)

Never

40.

NADPH and NADH are both formed from which vitamin?

a)

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

b)

Vitamin B3 (niacin)

c)

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

d)

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

41.

Which type of hexose has a six-membered ring structure?

a)

Furanose

b)

Pyranose

c)

Ribose

d)

Deoxyribose

42.

Which type of enzyme is commonly associated with growth factor receptors?

a)

Protein kinase C

b)

Tyrosine kinase

c)

Adenylate cyclase

d)

Phosphodiesterase

43.

Hormone receptors located on the outer surface of the cell membrane typically use what to transmit signals?

a)

Steroid hormones

b)

Second messengers

c)

Gases like nitric oxide

d)

DNA-binding domains

44.

Which of the following are amino acids?

a)

Valine, proline, aspartic acid, leucine

b)

Glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose

c)

Thymine, cytosine, adenine, guanine

d)

Alanine, keratin, hemoglobin, insulin

45.

What is the difference between conformation and configuration in molecular structures?

a)

Conformation describes permanent covalent bonding

b)

Configuration describes folding of proteins only

c)

Conformation refers to 3D shape changes; configuration involves breaking bonds

d)

Configuration and conformation are interchangeable terms

46.

Which structural elements describe alpha helices and beta sheets in proteins?

a)

Tertiary structure

b)

Primary structure

c)

Quaternary structure

d)

Secondary structure

47.

Which of the following correctly represents the levels of protein structure?

a)

Monomeric, dimeric, tetrameric, globular

b)

Enzymatic, regulatory, catalytic, structural

c)

Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

d)

Alpha, beta, gamma, delta

48.

What is the stoichiometry of hemoglobin?

a)

4 alpha chains, 4 beta chains

b)

1 alpha, 1 beta, 1 heme, 1 iron

c)

2 alpha, 2 beta globins, 4 heme, 4 iron (heterotetramer)

d)

2 alpha, 2 gamma, 2 delta, 2 heme

49.

Which tissues contain the most myoglobin?

a)

White muscle

b)

Red muscle

c)

Smooth muscle

d)

Cardiac conduction system

50.

What is the shape of the oxygen-binding curve of myoglobin?

a)

Sigmoid

b)

Hyperbolic

c)

Linear

d)

Exponential

51.

What is the shape of the oxygen-binding curve of hemoglobin, and what characteristic does it reflect?

a)

Linear; non-cooperative binding

b)

Hyperbolic; high affinity only

c)

Sigmoid; cooperativity

d)

Flat; saturation-independent

52.

Disorders of the urea cycle lead to accumulation of which compound?

a)

Lactic acid

b)

Uric acid

c)

Hyperammonemia

d)

Ketone bodies

53.

Which protein tags other proteins for degradation?

a)

Protease

b)

Myosin

c)

Ubiquitin

d)

Actin

54.

What is the name of the protein complex that degrades proteins marked with ubiquitin?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Proteosome

c)

Endosome

d)

Peroxisome

55.

What is the reversible process of converting amino acids to α-keto acids?

a)

Deamination

b)

Transamination

c)

Decarboxylation

d)

Phosphorylation

56.

What enzyme catalyzes the first step of the urea cycle: CO₂ + NH₃ + ATP → carbamoyl phosphate?

a)

Arginase

b)

Ornithine transcarbamylase

c)

Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase

d)

Aspartate transaminase

57.

What are the products of the 5th step of the urea cycle, catalyzed by arginase?

a)

Urea and citrulline

b)

Urea and ornithine

c)

Ammonia and arginine

d)

Aspartate and fumarate

58.

What type of mechanism is used by transaminases during amino acid conversion?

a)

Lock and key

b)

Ping-pong

c)

Induced fit

d)

Michaelis-Menten

59.

What coenzyme is required by the transaminases ALT and AST?

a)

Biotin

b)

Pyridoxal-phosphate Schiff base

c)

NAD⁺

d)

FAD

60.

Where are steroid and thyroid hormone receptors located?

a)

Plasma membrane

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Golgi apparatus

61.

What type of signaling molecules do receptors on the outer plasma membrane typically utilize?

a)

DNA-binding ligands

b)

Hormones directly entering the nucleus

c)

Second messengers

d)

Histones

62.

What protein is responsible for signal transduction from extracellular receptors?

a)

Tyrosine kinase

b)

G protein

c)

Protein kinase A

d)

MAP kinase

63.

Which enzyme creates the second messenger cAMP?

a)

Adenylate cyclase

b)

Phosphodiesterase

c)

Kinase A

d)

cGMP synthase

64.

Which enzyme breaks down cAMP into AMP?

a)

Adenylate cyclase

b)

Kinase A

c)

Phosphodiesterase

d)

GTPase

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