With isolated I/O there is a single address space for memory locations and I/O devices.

A disadvantage of memory-mapped I/O is that valuable memory address space is used up.

The disadvantage of the software poll is that it is time consuming.

With a daisy chain the processor just picks the interrupt line with the highest priority.

Bus arbitration makes use of vectored interrupts.

The rotating interrupt mode allows the processor to inhibit interrupts from certain devices.

Because the 82C55A is programmable via the control register, it can be used to control a variety of simple peripheral devices.

When large volumes of data are to be moved, a more efficient technique is direct memory access (DMA).

An I/O channel has the ability to execute I/O instructions, which gives it complete control over I/O operations.

A multipoint external interface provides a dedicated line between the I/O module and the external device.

A Thunderbolt compatible peripheral interface is no more complex than that of a simple USB device.

The _________ contains logic for performing a communication function between the peripheral and the bus.

The most common means of computer/user interaction is a __________.

The I/O function includes a _________ requirement to coordinate the flow of traffic between internal resources and external devices.

An I/O module that takes on most of the detailed processing burden, presenting a high-level interface to the processor, is usually referred to as an _________.

An I/O module that is quite primitive and requires detailed control is usually referred to as an _________.

The _________ command causes the I/O module to take an item of data from the data bus and subsequently transmit that data item to the peripheral.

The ________ command is used to activate a peripheral and tell it what to do.

________ is when the DMA module must force the processor to suspend operation temporarily.

The 8237 DMA is known as a _________ DMA controller.

________ is a digital display interface standard now widely adopted for computer monitors, laptop displays, and other graphics and video interfaces.

The ________ layer is the key to the operation of Thunderbolt and what makes it attractive as a high-speed peripheral I/O technology.

The Thunderbolt protocol _________ layer is responsible for link maintenance including hot-plug detection and data encoding to provide highly efficient data transfer.

The ________ contains I/O protocols that are mapped on to the transport layer.

A ________ is used to connect storage systems, routers, and other peripheral devices to an InfiniBand switch.

A ________ connects InfiniBand subnets, or connects an InfiniBand switch to a network such as a local area network, wide area network, or storage area network.

Scheduling and memory management are the two OS functions that are most relevant to the study of computer organization and architecture.

The end user is concerned mainly with the computer's architecture.

The most important system program is the OS.

The ABI is the boundary between hardware and software.

The OS must determine how much processor time is to be devoted to the execution of a particular user program.

With a batch operating system the user does not have direct access to the processor.

Privileged instructions are certain instructions that are designated special and can be executed only by the monitor.

Uniprogramming is the central theme of modern operating systems.

Both batch multiprogramming and time sharing use multiprogramming.

An interrupt is a hardware-generated signal to the processor.

Swapping is an I/O operation.

With demand paging it is necessary to load an entire process into main memory.

The Pentium II includes hardware for both segmentation and paging.

ARM provides a versatile virtual memory system architecture that can be tailored to the needs of the embedded system designer.

Managers are users of domains that must observe the access permissions of the individual sections and/or pages that make up that domain.

The __________ is a program that controls the execution of application programs and acts as an interface between applications and the computer hardware.

Facilities and services provided by the OS that assist the programmer in creating programs are in the form of _________ programs that are not actually part of the OS but are accessible through the OS.

The _________ defines the repertoire of machine language instructions that a computer can follow.

The _________ defines the system call interface to the operating system and the hardware resources and services available in a system through the user instruction set architecture.

The ________ gives a program access to the hardware resources and services available in a system through the user instruction set architecture supplemented with high-level language library calls.

A _________ system works only one program at a time.

A _________ is a special type of programming language used to provide instructions to the monitor.

The _________ scheduler determines which programs are admitted to the system for processing.

The ________ scheduler is also known as the dispatcher.

A _________ is an actual location in main memory.

________ is when the processor spends most of its time swapping pages rather than executing instructions.

Virtual memory schemes make use of a special cache called a ________ for page table entries.

With _________ the virtual address is the same as the physical address.

A _________ is a collection of memory regions.

The OS maintains a __________ for each process that shows the frame location for each page of the process.

Our primary counting system is based on binary digits to represent numbers.

The decimal system has a radix of 100.

Negative powers of 10 are used to represent the positions of the numbers for decimal fractions.

A number with both an integer and fractional part has digits raised to both positive and negative powers of 10.

In any number, the rightmost digit is referred to as the most significant digit.

There are 50 tens in the number 509.

The decimal system is a special case of a positional number system with radix 10 and with digits in the range 0 through 9.

A number cannot be converted from binary notation to decimal notation.

Although convenient for computers, the binary system is exceedingly cumbersome for human beings.

A nibble is a grouping of four decimal digits.

Hexadecimal notation is only used for representing integers.

It is extremely easy to convert between binary and hexadecimal notation.

Hexadecimal notation is more compact than binary notation.

A sequence of hexadecimal digits can be thought of as representing an integer in base 10.

Because of the inherent binary nature of digital computer components, all forms of data within computers are represented by various binary codes.

The decimal system has a base of _________.

Which digit represents 'hundreds' in the number 8732?

Which of the following is correct?

In the number 3109, the 3 is referred to as the _________.

In the number 3109, the 9 is referred to as the _________.

Numbers in the binary system are represented to the _________.

Hexadecimal has a base of _________.

The binary string 110111100001 is equivalent to __________.

The _________ system uses only the numbers 0 and 1.

Decimal '10' is __________ in binary.

Decimal '10' is _________ in hexadecimal.

Four bits is called a _________.

Another term for 'base' is __________.

In the number 472.156 the 2 is the _________.

Binary 0101 is hexadecimal _________.

The operation of the digital computer is based on the storage and processing of binary data.

Claude Shannon, a research assistant in the Electrical Engineering Department at M.I.T., proposed the basic principles of Boolean algebra.

In the absence of parentheses, the AND operation takes precedence over the OR operation.

Logical functions are implemented by the interconnection of decoders.

The delay by the propagation time of signals through the gate is known as the gate delay.

A combinational circuit consists of n binary inputs and m binary outputs.

Any Boolean function can be implemented in electronic form as a network of gates.

A Boolean function can be realized in the sum of products (SOP) form but not in the product of sums (POS) form.

"Don't care" conditions are when certain combinations of values of variables never occur, and therefore the corresponding output never occurs.

The value to be loaded into the program counter can come from a binary counter, the instruction register, or the output of the ALU.

In general, a decoder has n inputs and 2n outputs.

Combinational circuits are often referred to as "memoryless" circuits because their output depends only on their current input and no history of prior inputs is retained.

Binary addition is exactly the same as Boolean algebra.

Events in the digital computer are synchronized to a clock pulse so that changes occur only when a clock pulse occurs.

A register is a digital circuit used within the CPU to store one or more bits of data.

The operand ________ yields true if and only if both of its operands are true.

The operation _________ yields true if either or both of its operands are true.

The unary operation _________ inverts the value of its operand.

A _______ is an electronic circuit that produces an output signal that is a simple Boolean operation on its input signals.

Which of the following is a functionally complete set?

For more than four variables an alternative approach is a tabular technique referred to as the _________ method.

________ are used in digital circuits to control signal and data routing.

________ is implemented with combinational circuits.

The ________ exists in one of two states and, in the absence of input, remains in that state.

The ________ flip-flop has two inputs and all possible combinations of input values are valid.

A _________ accepts and/or transfers information serially.

Counters can be designated as _________.

CPUs make use of _________ counters, in which all of the flip-flops of the counter change at the same time.

The _________ table provides the value of the next output when the inputs and the present output are known, which is exactly the information needed to design the counter or any sequential circuit.

A _________ is a PLD featuring a general structure that allows very high logic capacity and offers more narrow logic resources and a higher ration of flip-flops to logic resources than do CPLDs.

One boundary where the computer designer and the computer programmer can view the same machine is the machine instruction set.

The operation to be performed is specified by a binary code known as the operation code.

The address of the next instruction to be fetched must be a real address, not a virtual address.

It has become common practice to use a symbolic representation of machine instructions.

A high-level language expresses operations in a basic form involving the movement of data to or from registers.

One of the traditional ways of describing processor architecture is in terms of the number of addresses contained in each instruction.

Memory references are faster than register references.

The instruction set is the programmer's means of controlling the processor.

Addresses are a form of data.

Not all machine languages include numeric data types.

ARM processors support data types of 8 (byte), 16 (halfword), and 32 (word) bits in length.

Most machines provide the basic arithmetic operations of add, subtract, multiply, and divide.

A branch can be either forward or backward.

Procedures do not allow programming tasks to be subdivided into smaller units.

The focus of MMX technology is multimedia programming.

The ________ specifies the operation to be performed.

A(n) _________ expresses operations in a concise algebraic form using variables.

There must be ________ instructions for moving data between memory and the registers.

________ instructions operate on the bits of a word as bits rather than as numbers, providing capabilities for processing any other type of data the user may wish to employ.

_________ instructions provide computational capabilities for processing number data.

_______ instructions are needed to transfer programs and data into memory and the results of computations back out to the user.

The x86 data type that is a signed binary value contained in a byte, word, or doubleword, using twos complement representation is _________.

The most fundamental type of machine instruction is the _________ instruction.

The _________ instruction includes an implied address.

Which of the following is a true statement?

The entire set of parameters, including return address, which is stored for a procedure invocation is referred to as a _________.