WorksheetsCongenital Heart Defects Quiz
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
What is Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome?
Underdeveloped right side of the heart
Underdeveloped left side of the heart
Enlarged left atrium
Overdeveloped left ventricle
What is the corrective surgery for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome?
Rastelli Procedure
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
Norwood Procedure with Fontan completion
Mustard Procedure
What is Double Aortic Arch?
Aortic narrowing near the ductus arteriosus
Aortic valve duplication
Two arches encircle the trachea and esophagus
Two arches encircle the pulmonary artery
What is the corrective surgery for Double Aortic Arch?
Removal of both arches
Surgical elimination of one branch
End-to-end anastomosis
Fontan Procedure
Trilogy of Fallot consists of:
ASD, VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis
VSD, Aortic Atresia, Mitral Valve Defect
PDA, VSD, Pulmonary Stenosis
ASD, PDA, Pulmonary Atresia
What is the corrective surgery for Trilogy of Fallot?
ASD closure only
Pulmonary stenosis relief and ASD closure
VSD closure only
PDA ligation
Tetralogy of Fallot includes all EXCEPT:
VSD
Pulmonary Stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
What is the corrective surgery for Tetralogy of Fallot?
Closing ASD only
Relieving pulmonary stenosis and closing VSD
PDA ligation
Mustard Procedure
Pentalogy of Fallot includes:
Four defects with PDA
Five defects including ASD or PFO
Only three defects
Two defects including coarctation
What is the corrective surgery for Pentalogy of Fallot?
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
VSD and ASD closure with pulmonary stenosis relief
PDA ligation
Jatene Procedure
Why are congenital defects with right-to-left shunting usually inoperable?
Left ventricle cannot pump against systemic pressure
Right ventricle cannot pump against increased pulmonary resistance
Pulmonary artery is too small for repair
Oxygenation is already adequate
What are atrial septal defects (ASDs)?
Holes between the ventricles
Openings between the left and right atrium
Narrowing of the aorta
Defects in the pulmonary veins
Which ASD type is associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage?
Ostium primum
Ostium secundum
Sinus venosus
Coronary sinus
Another name for ostium primum ASD is:
Patent foramen ovale
Endocardial cushion defect
Partial or complete AV canal defect
Sinus venosus defect
What is left ventricle-right atrial communication?
Connection between right ventricle and left atrium
Type of VSD connecting left ventricle to right atrium
Defect connecting pulmonary veins to left atrium
PDA connection
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is:
Failure of the ductus venosus to close
Failure of the connection between aorta and pulmonary artery to close
Defect in the atrial septum
Narrowing of the descending aorta
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Enlargement of the aortic root
Narrowing of the aorta
Aortic dissection
Absence of the aortic arch
What surgical technique is used in infants to prevent restenosis in coarctation repair?
End-to-end anastomosis
Balloon angioplasty
Subclavian arterial flap
Stent placement
Corrective surgery for idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis involves:
Valve replacement
Removal of obstructing muscular tissue or membrane
PDA ligation
Rastelli Procedure
Truncus arteriosus is characterized by:
Two separate ventricular valves
Both aorta and pulmonary artery arising from a single trunk
Missing aortic valve
Absence of pulmonary veins
Transposition of the great vessels is when:
Aorta arises from right ventricle and pulmonary artery from left ventricle
Aorta arises from left ventricle and pulmonary artery from right ventricle
Both vessels originate from the right ventricle
Both vessels originate from the left ventricle
For survival in transposition of the great vessels, which must be present?
PDA, ASD, or VSD
Only PDA
Only VSD
None
Which type of TAPV is most common?
Cardiac type
Infracardiac type
Supracardiac type
Mixed type
Corrective surgery for pulmonary stenosis involves:
Removal of stenosis with or without pericardial patch
Balloon dilation
PDA ligation
Rastelli Procedure
Valvular pulmonary atresia is:
Failure of pulmonary valve to develop
Failure of pulmonary artery to develop
Right ventricular hypoplasia
Coarctation of pulmonary artery
Arterial pulmonary atresia is:
Normal right ventricle but absent pulmonary valve
Failure of pulmonary artery, pulmonary valve, and right ventricle to develop
Failure of ductus arteriosus to close
Narrowing of pulmonary artery
Tricuspid atresia is:
Absence of tricuspid valve opening, requiring ASD and PDA or VSD for survival
Narrowing of the tricuspid valve
Left-sided defect with mitral valve hypoplasia
Stenosis of the right atrium
The Waterston Shunt is:
Aorta to pulmonary artery side-to-side anastomosis
Subclavian artery to pulmonary artery shunt
Descending aorta to left pulmonary artery anastomosis
SVC to right pulmonary artery shunt
As pulmonary resistance develops, shunt direction may:
Remain unchanged
Reverse to right-to-left
Reverse to left-to-right
Become bidirectional
Corrective surgery for ASDs is:
VSD closure
PDA ligation
ASD closure
End-to-end anastomosis
In cor triatriatum, the pulmonary veins flow into:
Right atrium
Posterior chamber of the left atrium
Superior vena cava
Left ventricle
Surgical correction for cor triatriatum involves:
Creating a new atrial chamber
Removing the septum dividing the chambers
ASD closure
Valve replacement
Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are:
Narrowings of the ventricles
Openings between the left and right ventricles
Holes between atria
Abnormal pulmonary venous drainage
Corrective surgery for VSDs is:
ASD closure
PDA ligation
VSD closure
Rastelli Procedure
A possible complication of VSD closure is:
Aortic stenosis
Complete heart block
Pulmonary embolism
Endocarditis
Corrective surgery for left ventricle-right atrial communication is:
ASD closure
Closure of the opening (often not successful)
PDA ligation
Mustard Procedure
Corrective surgery for coarctation of the aorta in adults is:
Subclavian flap
End-to-end anastomosis after excision
Balloon dilation
PDA ligation
An aortopulmonary window is:
Opening between the aorta and left atrium
Opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery with left-to-right shunt
Opening between ventricles
Valve defect
Corrective surgery for an aortopulmonary window is:
Only PDA ligation
Closure of the aorta and pulmonary openings
Balloon dilation
Rastelli Procedure
Corrective surgery for truncus arteriosus is:
Norwood Procedure
Rastelli Procedure with VSD closure and conduit placement
Mustard Procedure
Fontan Procedure
The Jatene procedure is:
ASD closure
Arterial switch operation for transposition of the great vessels
PDA ligation
Creation of a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt
The LeCompte maneuver differs from the Jatene procedure because it:
Leaves the pulmonary artery and branches in front of the aorta
Leaves the aorta in front of the pulmonary artery
Uses a valved conduit
Is palliative only
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPV) is when:
Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins return oxygenated blood to the right side of the heart
Right atrium drains to the left atrium
Pulmonary arteries drain to the left atrium
Corrective surgery for valvular pulmonary atresia involves:
PDA ligation
Reestablishing direct blood flow to the pulmonary artery
Mustard Procedure
Glenn shunt
Corrective surgery for tricuspid atresia is typically:
Norwood Procedure
Fontan Procedure
Mustard Procedure
PDA ligation
The Blalock-Taussig shunt connects:
Subclavian artery to pulmonary artery
Descending aorta to pulmonary artery
SVC to pulmonary artery
Right atrium to pulmonary artery
The Potts Procedure connects:
Ascending aorta to pulmonary artery
Descending aorta to left pulmonary artery
SVC to pulmonary artery
Right atrium to left pulmonary artery
Ebstein’s Malformation is:
Displacement of the tricuspid valve downward with enlarged right atrium
Coarctation of the aorta
Stenosis of pulmonary valve
Narrowing of mitral valve
Early congenital defects usually have which shunt pattern and why?
Right-to-left because right heart is stronger
Left-to-right because left heart is stronger
Right-to-left because pulmonary resistance is low
Bidirectional because both sides are equal
Which ASD type is most common?
Sinus venosus
Ostium primum
Ostium secundum
Coronary sinus
