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Midterm Review ESS

Total questions: 157

Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What was the Big Bang?

a)

A theory about how the universe began

b)

A TV Show

c)

When a star dies and explodes

d)

When a star is being born

2.

Which of these are a direct result of the Big Bang? Select ALL that are correct.

a)

Cosmic Background Radiation

b)

Red Shift

c)

The Expansion of the Universe

d)

Galaxies

3.

What is Cosmic Background Radiation?

a)

Radiation that exists in our daily life and can harm humans.

b)

Radiation created by the big bang that caused Chernobyl

c)

Radiation that was created by the big bang that exists in the background of everything.

d)

Radiation that only exists in space

4.

What is red shift?

a)

When a star appears more red than normal due to moving towards Earth

b)

When a star goes from a white dwarf into a red giant

c)

When a galaxy starts giving off red energy

d)

When a star appears more red than normal due to moving away from Earth

5.

What are the four types of galaxies?

a)

Spiral, Elliptical, Irregular, Lenticular

b)

Spiral, Elliptical, Normal, Lenticular

c)

Spiral, Elliptical, Normal, Irregular

d)

Spiral, Elliptical, Milky Way, Normal

6.

What property of the star determines the life cycle it will go through?

a)

Volume

b)

Mass

c)

Brightness

d)

Color

7.

When magnitude increases, the star becomes:

a)

Dimmer

b)

Brighter

c)

Larger

d)

Smaller

8.

What is a star?

a)

A giant ball of gas that gives off light and energy

b)

A mass made out of rock and stone

c)

A TV celebrity

d)

A collection of space dust and rock

9.

What is a galaxy?

a)

A collection of stars, planets, and solar systems held together by gravity

b)

A collection of planets that orbit a star

c)

A collection of space dust that is sitting in outer space

d)

A type of planetary body that sucks in all matter and does not let light escape.

10.

Which type of galaxy is circular, as seen in this picture?

a)

Elliptical

b)

Spiral

c)

Normal

d)

Irregular

11.

Which type of galaxy has "arms of stars" coming out of it, like in this picture?

a)

Elliptical

b)

Spiral

c)

Normal

d)

Irregular

12.

What type of galaxy can be formed in many different ways, and has more variation in how it looks, as seen in this picture?

a)

Elliptical

b)

Spiral

c)

Normal

d)

Irregular

13.

What is magnitude?

a)

The way that the brightness of a star is measured.

b)

A type of earthquake

c)

The way that the size of a star is measured.

d)

How large something is

14.

Which of these stars are colder than the sun?

a)

Sirius B

b)

Procyon

c)

Pollux

d)

Deneb

15.

Which of these stars are brighter than the sun?

a)

Tau Ceti

b)

Sirius

c)

Rigel

d)

Barnard's Star

16.

Which of these stars are dimmer than the sun?

a)

Tau Ceti

b)

Alpha Centauri

c)

Rigel

d)

Procyon

17.

Which of these stars are hotter than the sun?

a)

Betelgeuse

b)

Sirius A

c)

Proxima Centauri

d)

Alpha Centauri A

18.

Which of these stars are in an Early stage of life?

a)

Procyon B

b)

Sirius B

c)

Deneb

d)

The Sun

19.

Which of these stars are in an intermediate stage of life?

a)

The North Star (Polaris)

b)

The Sun

c)

Sirius B

d)

Spica

20.

Which of these stars are in a late stage of life?

a)

Deneb

b)

The Sun

c)

Sirius B

d)

Pollux

21.

What is Absolute Magnitude?

a)

How bright a star appears to be from earth

b)

The true brightness of a star, standardized at 10 parsecs away

c)

How large something is compared to earth

d)

How large something is, measured in meters

22.

What is apparent magnitude?

a)

How bright a star appears to be from earth

b)

The true brightness of a star, standardized at 10 parsecs away

c)

How large something is compared to earth

d)

How large something is, measured in meters

23.

What star life cycle stage is Early Stage?

a)

Red giant

b)

White dwarf

c)

Main sequence

d)

Red supergiant

24.

What is the name of a newly developed star?

a)

Protostar

b)

Frodo star

c)

Main Sequence

d)

Nebula

25.

What factor influences a star's life cycle?

a)

star's temperature

b)

star's mass

c)

star's volume

d)

star's luminosity

26.

What star life cycle stage is Early Stage?

a)

Red giant

b)

White dwarf

c)

Main sequence

d)

Red supergiant

27.

Which point on this HR diagram would represent hot, dim stars?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

28.

Which point on this HR diagram would represent the coolest and brightest stars?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

29.

What star life cycle phase is represented by point B?

a)

main sequence

b)

white dwarf

c)

red supergiant

d)

red giant

30.

How much time do stars spend as a main sequence star?

a)

10% of their life

b)

30% of their life

c)

70% of their life

d)

90% of their life

31.

What life cycle phase below is the last phase for large mass stars?

a)

protostar

b)

red supergiant

c)

black hole

d)

white dwarf

32.

What is a planetary nebula?

a)

A nebula where stars are created

b)

Gas from a red giant shedding its outer layers

c)

the result of a supernova

33.

What mechanism causes a nebula to collapse and create stars?

a)

friction

b)

gravity

c)

light

d)

black hole

34.

After the gases leave a planetary nebula, and the core of the star condenses, what is formed?

a)

a white dwarf

b)

a black hole

c)

a neutron star

d)

a supernova

35.

What star life cycle phase is our Sun currently in?

a)

red giant

b)

main sequence

c)

white dwarf

d)

Red supergiant

36.

Why does the Sun appear so bright?

a)

It the biggest star in the galaxy

b)

It is the hottest star in the galaxy

c)

It is fusing carbon in its core

d)

It is so close

37.

If Rigel is considered one of the brightest stars, why does it appear so dim to us?

a)

It is a small star

b)

It is not a very hot star

c)

It is very far away from Earth

d)

It is a red star

38.

Which star on the HR Diagram is most luminous?

a)

Spica

b)

Deneb

c)

The Sun

d)

Betelguse

39.

Stars with small or medium mass fade into:

a)

A supernova

b)

A White Dwarf

c)

A Black Hole

d)

A Black Dwarf

40.

Red Giants are Bigger in mass than SuperGiants

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

41.

Stars DO NOT give this to planets

a)

Life

b)

Light

c)

Gravity

d)

Heat/Energy

42.

Stars with which of these masses can form a supernova

a)

High/Massive mass

b)

Any Mass

c)

Medium Only

d)

Low/Medium

43.

Stars are formed through Nebulas coming together due to gravity

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

44.

What star life cycle stage is Early Stage?

a)

Red giant

b)

White dwarf

c)

Main sequence

d)

Red supergiant

45.

What star life cycle stage is Early Stage?

a)

Red giant

b)

White dwarf

c)

Main sequence

d)

Red supergiant

46.

What is a planetary nebula?

a)

A nebula where stars are created

b)

Gas from a red giant shedding its outer layers

c)

the result of a supernova

47.

What is the name of a newly developed star?

a)

Protostar

b)

Frodostar

c)

Main Sequence

d)

Nebula

48.

Where is the asteroid belt located?

a)

Between Mars and Jupiter

b)

Between Venus and Mars

c)

Past Neptune

d)

Between Earth and Mars

49.

Which of the following are asteroids NOT made of:

a)

Metal

b)

Rock

c)

Ice

d)

Gas

50.

What is a meteoroid?

a)

A small object made of rock that has just hit the Earth's Surface.

b)

A small object made of rock that has just entered the Earth's atmosphere.

c)

A big object in space made of rock

d)

A small object in space made of rock

51.

What is a comet?

a)

An object in space made of rock that orbits a planet

b)

An object in space made of ice, gas, and dust that orbits the sun

c)

A small object in space made of rock and dust that orbits the sun

d)

A massive non planetary object in space made of rock and dust that orbits the sun

52.

What is the difference between a meteoroid, a meteor, and a meteorite?

a)

where they are located

b)

what they are composed of

c)

where they originated

d)

they aren't different

53.

What is another name for a comet?

a)

dirty snowball

b)

a meteor

c)

a reindeer

d)

ice giant

54.

Rock flying through space

a)

Meteor

b)

Meteorite

c)

Meteoroid

55.

Rock flying through atmosphere and heating up until it glows

a)

Meteor

b)

Meteorite

c)

Meteoroid

56.

Space rock that hits the surface of Earth

a)

Meteor

b)

Meteorite

c)

Meteoroid

57.

When many meteors streak through the sky, it is called a

a)

Meteor shower or Shooting Star

b)

Meteor run

c)

A Party!

d)

Meteor bath

58.

A comet's tail is always directed towards the Sun.

a)

True

b)

False

59.

____ are large, rocky bodies in our solar system.

a)

Asteroids

b)

Comets

c)

Meteoroids

d)

Meteors

60.

Most ___ are located between Mars and Jupiter.

a)

Asteroids

b)

Comets

c)

Meteoroids

d)

Meteors

61.

What is the asteroid belt?

a)

a rocky area between the inner and outer solar system

b)

an icy area past the orbit of Neptune

c)

the layer of Earth's atmosphere in which most space rocks burn and disintegrate

d)

a round-shaped depression in a planet or other body's surface leftover from an impact

62.

What happens to comets that get close to the Sun?

a)

the heat causes them to have a tail of ice and gas

b)

friction causes them to disintegrate

c)

The Earth's gravity pulls them in.

d)

Neptune and eventually out of our solar system

63.

Comets have very long and elongated and unique orbits.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

What is the orbit of a comet around the sun?

a)

An Elongated stretched out oval

b)

An Oval

c)

A Circle

d)

It does not orbit around the sun

65.

Does the asteroid belt revolve around the sun?

a)

Yes

b)

No

66.

Why are some planets called dwarf planets?

a)

Their orbits are not clear of space stuff and objects

b)

They are not made up of planet material

c)

They are not in our Solar System

67.

What is an asteroid made of?

a)

ROCK AND METAL

b)

ROCK AND METAL!!

c)

ROCK AND METAL!!!!

68.

Made of ice

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

69.

Made of rock

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

70.

Are found in the Kuiper belt, beyond the orbit of Neptune

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

71.

Are found in the asteroid belt, between the orbits of Mars & Jupiter

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

72.

Are "leftovers" from the formation of the solar system

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

73.

Are recognized by their comas & tails

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

74.

Orbits the sun

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

75.

Orbits the Earth

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

76.

An example: Halley's Comet

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

77.

How are asteroids classified?

a)

What they are made of

b)

Their size

c)

Their shape

d)

What they orbit

78.

Are affected by gravity

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

79.

Are a part of our solar system

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

80.

Made of frozen ice, gas, & dust

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

81.

Made of rock, iron, & other metals

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

82.

Has a long tail that follows it, which always faces away from the sun.

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

83.

Ceres was known to be the largest , until 2016, when it was reclassified as a dwarf planet.

a)
asteroid
b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

84.

Can be visible to the naked eye

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

85.

The asteroid belt is made up of

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

86.

The Kuiper belt includes

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

87.

Are sometimes referred to as "dirty snowballs"

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

88.

Has a spherical (circle) shaped orbit around the sun

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

89.

Has an elliptical (oval) shaped orbit around the sun

a)

asteroids

b)

comets

c)

both

d)

neither

90.

Made of ice

a)

asteroid

b)

comet

c)

both

d)

neither

91.

What are the three parts of a comet? Select all 3

a)

Nucleus

b)

Tail

c)

Coma

d)

Head

92.

Look at the image attached here. Which part of the comet is part A?

a)

Head

b)

Coma

c)

Tail

d)

Nucleus

93.

Look at the image attached here. Which part of the comet is part B?

a)

Head

b)

Coma

c)

Tail

d)

Nucleus

94.

Look at the image attached here. Which part of the comet is part C?

a)

Head

b)

Coma

c)

Tail

d)

Nucleus

95.

What is a meteor?

a)

A small object made of rock that has just hit the Earth's Surface.

b)

A small object made of rock that has just entered the Earth's atmosphere.

c)

A big object in space made of rock

d)

A small object in space made of rock

96.

What is a meteorite?

a)

A small object made of rock that has just hit the Earth's Surface.

b)

A small object made of rock that has just entered the Earth's atmosphere.

c)

A big object in space made of rock

d)

A small object in space made of rock

97.

What are some locations where you could find ANY of these: asteroids, comets, and meteoroids? Select ALL that apply

a)

Asteroid Belt

b)

Oort Cloud

c)

Kuiper Belt

d)

Trojan Belt

98.

What causes the tail of the comet to form?

a)

The sun melting the ice off of the comet

b)

The winds of the sun breaking off parts of the comet

c)

The gravity of the planets pulling off parts of the comet

d)

The moons of planets taking off the dust

99.

What is the shape of the orbit of comets around the sun?

a)

Ellipse

b)

Circle

c)

Oblong

d)

Square

100.

Geologic time scale 1. The remains or traces of organisms that have been preserved in rock.

a)

Metamorphic

b)

Mass Extinction

c)

Evolution

d)

Fossils

101.

States that a rock layer is older than the layers above it and younger than the layers below it.

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Pangea

c)

Relative Dating

d)

Trace Fossils

102.

Era that began about 66 million years ago, known as the "Age of Mammals"

a)

Law of Superposition

b)

Cenozoic Era

c)

Deposition

d)

Precambrian Time

103.

Method of finding out the age of an object using radioactive isotopes such as Carbon 14

a)

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

b)

Precambrian Time

c)

Radiometric Dating/Carbon Dating

d)

igneous

104.

The longest of the three time segments

a)

Eras

b)

Eons

c)

Periods

d)

Epochs

105.

Which era, the middle life (245-144 million years ago), was the rise and extinction of dinosaurs?

a)

Pangea

b)

Mesozoic Era

c)

Cenozoic Era

d)

Paleozoic Era

106.

The part of geologic time 570-245 million years ago; invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, ferns, and cone-bearing trees were dominant

a)

Cenozoic Era

b)

Paleozoic Era

c)

Absolute dating

d)

Precambrian Time

107.

Event during which many species become extinct during a relatively short period of time

a)

mass extinction

b)

Fault

c)

Unconformity

d)

Strata

108.

makes up about 87% of earth's history; when the oceans, atmosphere, and continents were formed

a)

Precambrian Time

b)

K-T extinction

c)

Mesozoic Era

d)

Paleozoic Era

109.

How old is Earth?

a)

1 million years

b)

4.6 billion years

c)

4.6 years

d)

4.6 million years

110.

Which organism could have evolved during the Precambrian Era?

a)

a) a bird

b)

b) a lizard

c)

c) a lion

d)

d) a single celled organism

111.

A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth's history.

a)

geologic time scale

b)

half-life

c)

Periods

d)

Superposition

112.

Event in which many types of living things become extinct at the same time

a)

Epochs

b)

trace fossil

c)

mass extinction

d)

Dendrochronology

113.

The Earth is approximately how old?

a)

4.6 billion years old

b)

4.6 million years old

c)

6.4 million years old

d)

We don't know

114.

What era are we currently living in?

a)

Quartenary

b)

Epoch

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

115.

What type of fossil exists only for a short period of time, but is widespread?

a)

Trace Fossil

b)

Mammal Fossil

c)

Cast Fossil

d)

Index Fossil

116.

Method of finding out the age of an object using fossils and their relative age

a)

Rock Layer Dating

b)

Fossil Dating

c)

Radiometric Dating/Carbon Dating

d)

Absolute Dating

117.

Fossil dating is this type of dating

a)

Absolute

b)

Relative

c)

Squamish

d)

Gubernatorial

118.

Rock layer dating is this type of dating

a)

Absolute

b)

Relative

c)

Squamish

d)

Gubernatorial

119.

Carbon/Radiometric dating is this type of dating

a)

Absolute

b)

Relative

c)

Squamish

d)

Gubernatorial

120.

According to the law of Superposition, the oldest rock layers and fossils are

a)

Below the other layers

b)

On top of the other layers

c)

Mixed in randomly

121.

What is the law of superposition?

a)

The law of superposition states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.

b)

The law of superposition states that all rock layers are the same age regardless of their position.

c)

The law of superposition states that the youngest rock layers are always found at the bottom.

d)

The law of superposition states that rock layers are arranged randomly with no order of age.

122.

What are the two types of dating?

a)

Relative dating and absolute dating.

b)

Chemical dating and physical dating.

c)

Modern dating and ancient dating.

d)

Direct dating and indirect dating.

123.

Which of these IS NOT a method of dating

a)

Radiometric/Carbon dating

b)

Fossil Dating

c)

Rock Layer Dating

d)

Magnetic Dating

124.

The shortest of the three time segments

a)

Eras

b)

Eons

c)

Periods

d)

Ages

125.

Which of these is not one of the three time segments we discussed?

a)

Eons

b)

Decades

c)

Periods

d)

Eras

126.

What does relative dating show?

a)

How old an object is compared to other objects around it

b)

Exactly how many years old something is

c)

What year something happened

127.

What does absolute dating show?

a)

How old an object is compared to other objects around it

b)

About how many years old something is

c)

What year something happened

128.

What is an Ice Giant?

a)

A planet made of ice

b)

A planet made of rock

c)

A planet made of Gas

d)

A planet that does not fit the criteria of planets

129.

What is a Gas Giant?

a)

A planet made of ice

b)

A planet made of rock

c)

A planet made of Gas

d)

A planet that does not fit the criteria of planets

130.

Are gas giants close to the sun?

a)

Yes

b)

No

131.

Are rocky planets close or farther to the sun?

a)

Farther

b)

Closer

132.

What is a moon?

a)

A natural object that orbits a different object in space that is not a star

b)

A sphere that orbits a star in space

c)

A collection of gas and dust that creates a solar system

d)

A small piece of a planet that combines due to gravity

133.

What are gas giants?

a)

A planet made of ice

b)

A planet made of rock

c)

A planet made of Gas

d)

A planet that does not fit the criteria of planets

134.

Which planet is NOT a gas giant?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Uranus

c)

Neptune

d)

Earth

135.

Which of these is not a rule that planets have to follow?

a)

They must orbit a star

b)

They must have a moon

c)

They must be a sphere

d)

They must have cleared their orbit of similar sized objects

136.

Which of these is not a type of planet in our solar system?

a)

Gas Giant

b)

Ice Giant

c)

Protoplanet

d)

Rocky

137.

What is the initial form of the planets, before they are officially planets?

a)

Rings

b)

Planetesimals

c)

Protoplanets

d)

Nebulas

138.

What is the name of the planet that is closest to the sun?

a)

Mercury

b)

Venus

c)

Jupiter

d)

Uranus

139.

What is the name of the planet that is farthest from the sun?

a)

Uranus

b)

Neptune

c)

Jupiter

d)

Mercury

140.

What is the name of the planet that is 5th farthest from the sun?

a)

Mars

b)

Earth

c)

Jupiter

d)

Mercury

141.

This is a clump of rocks, gas, and dust that fully circle and orbit a planet

a)

A Ring

b)

A moon

c)

A satellite

d)

An asteroid

142.

What are small clumps of rock that come together to form protoplanets?

a)

Rings

b)

Planetesimals

c)

Protoplanets

d)

Nebulas

143.

What, according to Nebular Theory, collapses due to gravity and forms the solar system?

a)

An Asteroid

b)

A galaxy

c)

A Nebula

d)

A Planet

144.

What is the combination of asteroids, dwarf planets, and rocks that separate the gas giants and rocky planets?

a)

Rings

b)

Spinning Planetary Disc

c)

Protoplanets

d)

Asteroid Belt

145.

What is a dwarf planet that was a planet until recently?

a)

Pluto

b)

Circe

c)

Erin

d)

Jupiter

146.

What is gravity?

a)

How much you weigh

b)

A nebula

c)

An attractive Force that pulls things together

d)

A song

147.

What is the sun?

a)

A planet made of ice

b)

A planet made of rock

c)

A planet made of Gas

d)

A star that we orbit

148.

What is it called when an object rotates around another

a)

Orbit

b)

Rotation

c)

Asteroid Belt

d)

Revlove

149.

What is the proper name of a moon?

a)

The Moon

b)

Natural Satellite

c)

Io

150.

What is the second step in nebular theory?

a)

Nebular Condensing

b)

Formation of Sun

c)

Spinning Protoplanetary Disc

d)

Formation of Moons

151.

What is the last step in nebular theory?

a)

Spinning Protoplanetary Disc

b)

Nebular Condensing

c)

Formation of Moons

d)

Formed Solar System

152.

Nebular theory is:

a)

a theory that explains the formation of the solar system from a cloud of gas and dust

b)

a theory that describes the movement of tectonic plates

c)

a theory about the origin of life on Earth

d)

a theory that explains the extinction of dinosaurs

153.

How do scientists determine where a major division happens on the Geologic Time Scale?

a)

major changes at the International Space Station

b)

is something happens on the moon

c)

major changes that are recorded in the fossil record

d)

major changes that are recorded at a fault line in California

154.

This table shows a few of the major events in Earth's history. Which event marks the end of the Permian Period?

a)

extinction of the dinosaurs

b)

early human appear

c)

largest mass extinction occurs

d)

Earliest life appears

155.

Which of these is the youngest?

a)

Bird

b)

Shark

c)

Jawless Fish

d)

Frog

156.

Which of these is the oldest?

a)

Bird

b)

Shark

c)

Jawless Fish

d)

Frog

157.

Which of these is the oldest fossils?

a)

Human

b)

Fish

c)

Dinosaurs

d)

Frogs (Amphibian)

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