Maya, a nurse on an endocrine floor, is beginning her morning rounds. She is assigned four patients. Which patient should Maya prioritize for assessment?

Ava, a client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), arrives at the emergency department for treatment. Which findings support this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

Charlotte, who has diabetes, calls the nurse and says, 'I have been vomiting all day. Should I stop my insulin injections?' What is the nurse's best response?

Nora has a condition where her body cannot produce insulin. When her blood sugar is low and there is no insulin available, what does her body primarily use for energy?

Ava, who has diabetes, is concerned about the effects of drinking alcohol. What adverse effect is she at increased risk for?

James is at a clinic for a routine check-up. His blood sugar is measured at 70 mg/dL, and he is alert and orientated. What is the best treatment for James?

During a physical assessment, Charlotte, a nurse, percusses the suprapubic area of a client who has not voided for several hours and notes a dull sound. What does this finding most likely indicate?

Zoe has been admitted to the hospital for a urinary tract infection and dehydration. After receiving treatment, the nurse checks Zoe's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level to determine if she has received adequate volume replacement. To which value should Zoe's BUN level drop to indicate adequate hydration?

Sophia is a client undergoing hemodialysis and is at risk for bleeding due to the heparin used during her treatment. As her nurse, you want to monitor for this risk by periodically checking the results of which laboratory test?

Ten days after receiving a kidney transplant, a patient presents with a low-grade fever, decreased urine output, elevated blood pressure, and pain at the transplant site. Laboratory results show increased serum creatinine, and imaging reveals swelling of the transplanted kidney. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient?

Maya is receiving education about her recent diagnosis of oxalate kidney stones. Which of the following foods should she be instructed to eliminate from her diet?

Michael has been advised to follow a low-purine diet due to his history of gout. As his nurse, which of the following foods should you recommend he avoids?

Benjamin, a client admitted to the hospital, is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI). The culture report reveals the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The nurse anticipates that which medication will be prescribed to treat Benjamin's infection?

Jackson, who has human immune deficiency virus (HIV), visits the clinic after noticing the recent development of new skin lesions. The nurse should interpret these lesions as most likely suggestive of what situation?

Evelyn, a nurse, is assessing the skin of a client who has been diagnosed with bacterial cellulitis on the dorsal portion of the great toe. When reviewing the client's health history, the nurse should identify what comorbidity as increasing the client's vulnerability to skin infections?

Ava, a nurse practitioner working in a busy dermatology clinic, is assessing a client when she discovers an open lesion on the client's skin. What should Ava do next?

Arjun visits the clinic with a raised, pruritic rash. He tells the nurse that he hasn't taken any prescription medication and has no known allergies. What would be an appropriate question for the nurse to ask Arjun at this time?

Aria visits a dermatology clinic for a routine check-up. The nurse reviews Aria's electronic health record and sees a note about a primary skin lesion. Based on this information, what type of skin lesion might Aria have?

Sophia visits the dermatology clinic with a reddened rash on her abdomen. The nurse needs to identify the causative allergen. For what diagnostic test should the nurse prepare Sophia?

While caring for Mia, a client with decreased mobility, the nurse is planning her skin care and considers the varying thickness of the epidermis. At what location is the epidermal layer thickest?

A patient visits the clinic with a rough, raised lesion on her back. She is concerned it might be cancerous. After assessment and diagnostic tests, the lesion is identified as seborrheic keratosis. What should the nurse explain to the patient about this condition?

Olivia, a nurse, is caring for a client who has developed Kaposi sarcoma as a complication of HIV infection. Olivia needs to understand that this form of malignancy originates in what part of the body?

David, a nurse, is performing an initial assessment of a client admitted with appendicitis. During the assessment, David observes an elevated blue-black lesion on the client's ear. The nurse knows that this lesion is consistent with what type of skin cancer?

Scarlett, a nurse, is caring for a client who has just developed the initial eruption of herpes zoster. She is planning the client's care and wants to know which medication, if given within the first 24 hours of the initial eruption, can arrest herpes zoster?

Maya visits the clinic and shows the nurse a mole she is concerned about. To help Maya understand how to distinguish a normal mole from melanoma, the nurse explains the ABCDEs of moles. What does this stand for?

During a biology class, Emma is asked by her teacher, "Can you tell us what the largest artery in the body is?" What should Emma answer?

During a medical checkup, Luna's doctor explains that the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle of her heart is functioning normally. What is the name of this heart valve?

Priya, a nurse, is performing an assessment on a client who has been diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. Which assessment component would elicit specific information regarding the client's left-sided heart function?

Noah is experiencing chest pain and his doctor suspects he may have coronary artery disease. What procedure is ordered to diagnose coronary artery disease and the extent of coronary artery occlusion?

Grace is being treated for atrial fibrillation and her doctor prescribes warfarin (Coumadin). What is the therapeutic level for warfarin in this situation?

Lily is a nursing student practicing her clinical skills. Her instructor asks her to auscultate the apical pulse on a patient. Where should Lily place her stethoscope?

A client with a history of hypertension suddenly develops atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate of 150 bpm. Blood pressure is 158/80 mm Hg, and the client is alert with no signs of respiratory distress. The provider prescribes IV diltiazem and heparin. What is the primary purpose of this treatment?

Evelyn, who is being considered for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), asks the nurse about the purpose of this device during her hospital visit. What would be the nurse's best response?

William has just returned to the cardiac care unit after having a permanent pacemaker implantation. For which potential complication should the nurse most closely assess William?

While analyzing an ECG, Hannah wants to determine which part of the tracing represents the heart's recovery phase after ventricular contraction. Which component should she focus on?

Abigail, a nurse in the medical unit, is reviewing the laboratory test results for a client who has been transferred from the intensive care unit (ICU). Abigail notes that cardiac troponin T assay was performed while the client was in the ICU. Abigail determines that this test was performed to assist in diagnosing which condition?

Mason, a 58-year-old man, arrives at the emergency department with severe chest pain. The doctor suspects a myocardial infarction. Which statement best describes the pathophysiology of what is happening in Mason's heart?

Abigail is rushed to the emergency room with severe chest pain and is diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Which of the following are used for the treatment of a myocardial infarction? Select all that apply.

The home health nurse is visiting a client who has had a mechanical valve replacement for severe mitral valve stenosis. Which statement by the client reflects an understanding of specific postoperative care after this surgery?

During a shift at the hospital, Grace, a registered nurse (RN), is mentoring a new nurse about cardiac conditions. She asks, "Can you tell me which heart valve narrowing would impede the flow of blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle?" Which response by the new nurse indicates that the teaching has been effective?

While working in the emergency room, Jackson encounters a patient who suddenly becomes unresponsive and pulseless. Which medication should Jackson typically administer first during the initial management of this patient?

Daniel, a 68-year-old patient, has been taking digitalis for his heart condition. Recently, he has started experiencing some new symptoms. What are clinical manifestations of digitalis toxicity that Daniel might be experiencing? Select all that apply.

A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of heart failure. The patient reports being comfortable only when at rest and experiences shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations with minimal activity, such as walking to the bathroom. According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification, which class does this patient's heart failure most likely fall under?

Jackson, a 65-year-old man, visits the clinic with complaints of swelling in his legs and difficulty breathing. On examination, you notice some physical findings. Which of the following are symptoms of right-sided heart failure in Jackson? Select all that apply.

Emma, a 70-year-old woman, presents to the emergency room with sudden onset of intense abdominal pain radiating to her back. She is pale and her blood pressure is low. Which of the following symptoms are most suggestive of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm?

While monitoring a client in the cardiac care unit, the nurse observes that the cardiac monitor suddenly displays a flat line. What should the nurse do first?

Hannah, a client newly diagnosed with mild hypertension, comes in for an assessment. Which finding should the nurse expect during the assessment?

Evelyn has recently been diagnosed with hypertension and her doctor has advised her to follow a diet low in sodium. During a nutrition class, the nurse is helping Evelyn choose foods that fit her new dietary needs. Which food item should the nurse include in a list of foods that Evelyn is allowed to eat?

Which factors influence blood pressure measurement? Select all that apply.

What is the risk of abruptly discontinuing anti-hypertensive medications?

Which of the following findings are commonly seen in a patient with hypertensive emergency? Select all that apply.

What are the target organs damaged by long standing hypertension? Select all that apply.

A client's health history reveals daily consumption of two to three bottles of wine. The nurse would consider increased risk for which hematologic disorder when planning assessments and interventions for this client?

After a client experiences a laceration, the body initiates hemostasis. Which of the following events occurs directly after platelet aggregation at the site of injury?

A nurse is educating a client about the role of B lymphocytes. The nurse's description will include which of the following physiologic processes?

The nurse's review of a client's most recent blood work reveals a significant increase in the number of band cells. The nurse's subsequent assessment should focus on which of the following?

A client has been diagnosed with a lymphoid stem cell defect. This client has the potential for a problem involving which of the following?

A client undergoing a hip replacement has autologous blood on standby if a transfusion is needed. What is the primary advantage of autologous transfusions?

Through the process of hematopoiesis, stem cells differentiate into either myeloid or lymphoid stem cells. Into what do myeloid stem cells further differentiate? Select all that apply.

A client with bone marrow failure is unable to produce sufficient blood cells. Which organs may resume their role in hematopoiesis outside the bone marrow in this situation?

The nurse is describing the role of plasminogen in the clotting cascade. Where in the body is plasminogen present?

A client with von Willebrand disease (vWD) is scheduled for a dental extraction. What is the most appropriate intervention to reduce the risk of excessive bleeding during the procedure?

An intensive care nurse is aware of the need to identify clients who may be at risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which ICU client most likely faces the highest risk of DIC?

A nurse is developing a care plan for a client admitted with sickle cell disease who is experiencing an acute pain episode. Which nursing diagnosis should receive the greatest focus in the initial plan of care?

A woman who is in her third trimester of pregnancy has been experiencing an exacerbation of iron-deficiency anemia in recent weeks. When providing the client with nutritional guidelines and meal suggestions, what foods would be most likely to increase the woman's iron stores?

A client with a history of cirrhosis is admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of bleeding esophageal varices; an attempt to stop the bleeding has been only partially successful. What would the critical care nurse expect the care team to prescribe for this client?

A nurse is providing education to a client with iron deficiency anemia who has been prescribed iron supplements. What should the nurse include in health education?

Diagnostic testing has resulted in a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in an adult client who is otherwise healthy. The client and the care team have collaborated and the client will soon begin induction therapy. The nurse should prepare the client for:

A nurse is caring for a client with Hodgkin lymphoma at the oncology clinic. The nurse should identify what main goal of care?

An emergency department nurse is triaging a 77-year-old client who presents with uncharacteristic fatigue as well as back and rib pain. The client denies any recent injuries. The nurse should recognize the need for this client to be assessed for which health problem?

A patient with leukemia is having difficulty eating because of stomatitis and has been advised to use an oral anesthetic. What guidance should the nurse provide to promote safe eating habits?

A 35-year-old client is admitted to the hospital reporting severe headaches, vomiting, and testicular pain. The client’s blood work shows reduced numbers of platelets, leukocytes, and erythrocytes, with a high proportion of immature cells. The nurse caring for this client suspects which diagnosis?

Which of the following tests would be the hallmark of a acute myeloid leukemia (AML) diagnosis?