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WorksheetsPharmacology Final Exam Review Part 2
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 40mins
A patient with Addison’s disease is prescribed hydrocortisone. The nurse should teach the patient to:
Take the medication only when symptoms occur
Take the medication at the same time each day
Avoid taking the medication during times of stress
Double the dose if a dose is missed
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving long-term corticosteroid therapy. Which teaching is most important?
Increase sodium intake to prevent hypotension
Discontinue the medication if Cushingoid features appear
Do not stop the medication abruptly; tapering is required
Limit potassium-rich foods while on therapy
Which finding indicates Cushing’s syndrome from corticosteroid excess?
Hypotension and weight loss
Moon face and truncal obesity
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
Low blood glucose
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely with corticosteroid therapy?
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypocalcemia
A patient on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) develops sudden shortness of breath and chest pain. The nurse’s priority action is to:
Assess blood glucose
Notify the physician
Place the patient in Trendelenburg and on the left side
Increase the infusion rate
Which complication is most concerning when caring for a patient receiving TPN?
Electrolyte imbalance
Weight gain
Phlebitis at the IV site
Infection due to central line use
Why must blood glucose be closely monitored during TPN infusion?
Because the solution contains high amounts of fat
Because TPN is a hypertonic glucose solution
Because TPN contains only amino acids
Because the lipids are infused separately
When discontinuing TPN abruptly, the patient is at risk for:
Hypercalcemia
Hyponatremia
Hypoglycemia
Hypermagnesemia
A nurse is providing education about orlistat for weight management. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?
I should take this medication with meals containing fat.
I may have oily stools as a side effect.
I do not need to follow a diet while taking this medication.
This drug works by decreasing fat absorption.
Which adverse effect is common with phentermine for weight loss?
Constipation
Increased heart rate and insomnia
Excessive drowsiness
Bradycardia
The nurse teaches that lorcaserin, a weight loss medication, acts by:
Increasing fat metabolism in adipose tissue
Activating serotonin receptors to promote satiety
Blocking pancreatic lipase to prevent fat absorption
Stimulating dopamine release to reduce cravings
The most important teaching for a patient taking weight-loss medications is:
They can replace lifestyle modifications
They must be combined with diet and exercise for best effect
They prevent regaining weight permanently
They have no risk of adverse effects
A patient taking omeprazole for peptic ulcer disease asks how the drug works. The nurse responds:
It neutralizes stomach acid.
It coats the stomach lining.
Which teaching should be included for a patient taking sucralfate?
Take with meals for maximum effect
Take on an empty stomach before meals
It may cause diarrhea as a common side effect
It decreases stomach acid secretion
Which adverse effect is most likely with long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy?
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia
Osteoporosis and fractures
Hypertension
Misoprostol is contraindicated in which patient?
A patient with chronic pain
A patient with peptic ulcer disease
A pregnant woman
A patient with constipation
A patient receiving ondansetron IV for chemotherapy-induced nausea should be monitored for which adverse effect?
Diarrhea
Headache
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Metoclopramide is contraindicated in which patient?
A patient with chronic constipation
A patient with type 2 diabetes
A patient with a history of seizure disorder
A patient undergoing chemotherapy
Promethazine is prescribed for nausea. The nurse should monitor for:
Constipation
Sedation and respiratory depression
Hypertension
Urinary retention
Which teaching is correct for scopolamine patches for motion sickness?
The patch should be applied behind the ear at least 4 hours before travel.
The patch should be applied to the arm 1 hour before travel.
The patch should be taken orally with food.
The patch should be removed immediately after feeling better.
A nurse is teaching a patient prescribed docusate sodium for constipation. Which statement indicates correct understanding?
It will stimulate my bowel to contract strongly.
It is safe to take daily as needed.
It works by softening the stool, making it easier to pass.
It works the same as a laxative suppository.
Which laxative should be avoided in a patient with renal failure?
Docusate sodium
Senna
Magnesium hydroxide
Polyethylene glycol
Which laxative is safest for long-term use?
Bisacodyl
Bulk-forming agents such as psyllium
Magnesium citrate
Castor oil
Which adverse effect is most concerning with stimulant laxatives?
Mild diarrhea
Electrolyte imbalance with long-term use
Flatulence
Increased appetite
Which teaching is most important for a patient prescribed tetracycline?
Take it with dairy products to improve absorption.
Avoid sunlight because of risk for photosensitivity.
Take the drug only if symptoms are severe.
It may turn urine orange.
Which age group should NOT receive tetracyclines due to permanent teeth discoloration?
Adults over 65
Children under 8 years old
Adolescents
A patient taking sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim should be instructed to:
Increase dairy intake
Drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria
Avoid potassium-rich foods
Stop the medication if urine darkens slightly
A patient with a urinary tract infection is prescribed nitrofurantoin. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
Monitor for hypoglycemia
Encourage increased salt intake
Monitor for pulmonary symptoms such as cough or shortness of breath
Limit fluid intake
A patient with septic shock is receiving norepinephrine. Which finding indicates the medication is effective?
Decreased urine output
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure
Decreased peripheral vascular resistance
Which medication is most often used for anaphylactic shock?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Dobutamine
Epinephrine
Dopamine at moderate doses has which effect?
Decreases heart contractility
Increases renal perfusion and cardiac output
Causes bronchoconstriction
Decreases urine output
Dobutamine is most useful in which condition?
Anaphylaxis
Cardiogenic shock
Septic shock
Hypertension
A patient newly diagnosed with hypertension asks about lifestyle changes. The nurse's best response is:
Discuss the importance of diet, exercise, and regular monitoring.
Advise immediate medication without lifestyle changes.
Suggest ignoring the diagnosis until symptoms appear.
Recommend only reducing salt intake without other changes.
Which antihypertensive drug is contraindicated in pregnancy?
Methyldopa
Labetalol
ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril
Hydralazine
Which teaching is important for a patient prescribed a beta-blocker?
Stop the drug immediately if feeling tired
Do not stop suddenly; may cause rebound hypertension
It causes bronchodilation
It increases heart rate
Which side effect is most concerning with calcium channel blockers?
Constipation
Hypotension and reflex tachycardia
Increased urination
Weight loss
Which medication is most likely prescribed to prevent angina attacks?
Nitroglycerin patch
Isosorbide mononitrate
Atorvastatin
Diltiazem drip
Which teaching should be provided to a patient taking statins for dyslipidemia?
Take the medication in the morning with breakfast
Report any unexplained muscle pain or weakness
Avoid grapefruit juice only if taking beta blockers
Statins increase HDL and should not affect LDL levels
Which adverse effect is associated with niacin therapy for dyslipidemia?
Constipation
Dry mouth
Flushing and pruritus
Hypertension
The lipid-lowering drug that is contraindicated with liver disease is:
Statins
Ezetimibe
Bile acid sequestrants
Niacin
Which finding indicates digoxin toxicity?
Hypertension
Bradycardia and visual disturbances
Polyuria
Weight gain
Which lab value is most important to check before administering digoxin?
Hemoglobin
Blood glucose
Potassium level
Sodium level
A patient receiving amiodarone should be monitored for:
Seizures
Bradycardia only
Pulmonary toxicity
Increased appetite
Which adverse effect is most concerning for a patient taking lidocaine IV for ventricular dysrhythmias?
Nausea
Neurological changes such as confusion or seizures
Tinnitus
Constipation
Which lab value is most important to monitor for a patient on warfarin?
aPTT
INR
Platelets
Fibrinogen
The nurse is preparing to administer heparin. Which is the antidote if overdose occurs?
Vitamin K
Protamine sulfate
Atropine
Naloxone
A patient receiving epoetin alfa should be monitored for which adverse effect?
Hypotension
Hypertension
Leukopenia
Thrombocytopenia
A nurse is teaching a patient about filgrastim. Which statement indicates correct understanding?
It increases red blood cell production
It increases neutrophil production to fight infection
It prevents blood clot formation
It treats low platelets only
Which principle is important when administering medications to older adults?
Older adults metabolize drugs more quickly
Polypharmacy increases the risk of adverse effects
Renal clearance improves with age
They generally require higher doses
Which teaching is most important for an older adult starting benzodiazepine therapy?
Take medication with alcohol for better sleep
Stop medication suddenly if dizziness occurs
Increased risk for falls and confusion may occur
Benzodiazepines are first-line for long-term use
Older adults are at higher risk for digoxin toxicity because:
They metabolize drugs faster
They excrete potassium more efficiently
They have reduced renal clearance
They require higher doses for effect
The Beers Criteria is used for:
Pediatric dosing
Identifying inappropriate medications in older adults
Determining maximum adult doses
Adjusting insulin therapy
Kai has been diagnosed with scabies and is prescribed permethrin. What should the nurse include in patient teaching?
Apply only to visible lesions
Apply to the entire body from the neck down and leave on overnight
Which teaching is correct for isotretinoin prescribed for severe acne?
It may cause weight gain
Pregnancy must be avoided due to teratogenic effects
It is safe to donate blood during therapy
It should be taken with vitamin A supplements
Which teaching should be included for a patient taking acyclovir for herpes simplex infection?
It cures the infection permanently
It reduces symptoms but does not eliminate the virus
It prevents transmission to others
It can be stopped when lesions disappear
Which adverse effect is most concerning with antiretroviral therapy (HAART)?
Constipation
Mild headache
Bone marrow suppression
Increased appetite
Which teaching is correct for a patient prescribed nystatin oral suspension for oral candidiasis?
Swallow immediately after placing in mouth
Take with food for absorption
Swish in the mouth for several minutes before swallowing
Stop therapy once symptoms resolve
Amphotericin B is prescribed for systemic fungal infection. The nurse should monitor for:
Hypertension
Nephrotoxicity
Bradycardia
Hyperkalemia
Which test is most commonly used to confirm H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease?
Blood test for antibodies
Urea breath test
CT scan
Ultrasound
Ranitidine belongs to which drug class?
Proton pump inhibitor
H2 receptor antagonist
Antacid
Cytoprotective agent
Which adverse effect is most concerning with epoetin alfa therapy?
Anemia
Thromboembolic events
Leukocytosis
Hyperglycemia
What is the mechanism of action of filgrastim?
Stimulates red blood cell production
Stimulates neutrophil production
Stimulates platelet production
Inhibits bone marrow suppression
Which antihypertensive is most likely to cause a persistent cough?
Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
Calcium channel blockers
ARBs
Nitroglycerin should be stored in:
A plastic bottle at room temperature
Its original dark glass container
The refrigerator only
Any container with a tight lid
What is the main teaching for patients starting antiretroviral therapy?
Treatment is lifelong and adherence is critical
Therapy will cure HIV
Missing doses is acceptable occasionally
Treatment is lifelong and adherence is critical
Oseltamivir is most effective when started:
After 7 days of symptoms
Within 48 hours of symptom onset
At any time during flu season
Before symptoms appear
Which antifungal is commonly used topically for athlete’s foot?
Amphotericin B
Fluconazole
Clotrimazole
Itraconazole
Voriconazole should be monitored for which adverse effect?
Hypertension
Constipation
Visual disturbances
Hypoglycemia
Which laxative works by increasing osmotic pressure in the intestine?
Docusate sodium
Lactulose
Senna
Psyllium
Which drug is most effective for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting?
Promethazine
Metoclopramide
Ondansetron
Scopolamine
Topical corticosteroids for eczema should be applied:
Directly into open wounds
In a thin layer to affected skin
Only once per month
To the entire body
Which adverse effect is associated with long-term topical corticosteroid use?
Increased hair growth
Photosensitivity
Skin thinning (atrophy)
Increased pigmentation
Why are older adults more sensitive to benzodiazepines?
They metabolize faster
They have decreased hepatic clearance
They have increased renal elimination
They require larger doses
Which teaching is important for an older adult on diuretic therapy?
Restrict fluids to prevent edema
Rise slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
Take the medication only if swelling is severe
Diuretics will not affect electrolyte balance
Which antifungal medication is safest in pregnancy?
Voriconazole
Topical clotrimazole
Fluconazole (systemic)
Amphotericin B
