WorksheetsChapter 23 (1/3) Pharm Final Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
What are antiretroviral drugs used for?
Treating bacterial infections
Treating retroviral infections such as HIV
Treating fungal infections
Treating parasitic infections
What is the main cause of COVID-19?
Herpesvirus
Hepatitis virus
SARS-CoV-2
HIV
Which virus is known to cause genital herpes?
HIV
Herpesvirus
Hepatitis virus
Retrovirus
What is the role of antibodies in the body?
They replicate viruses
They block viruses from entering the bloodstream or host cells
They increase viral load
They transform RNA to DNA
What is the definition of a retrovirus?
A virus that causes liver inflammation
A virus with an RNA genome that uses reverse transcriptase
A virus that appears on the genitals
A virus that causes respiratory diseases
What is the viral load?
The number of antibodies in the blood
The number of HIV RNA particles in the blood
The number of viruses in the liver
The number of retroviruses in the body
Which of the following is a common symptom of acute viral infections?
High blood pressure
Fever
Increased appetite
Hair loss
What is the role of antiviral drugs in treating viral infections?
They eliminate viruses from the body completely.
They inhibit viral reproduction but don’t eliminate viruses.
They increase the reproduction of viruses.
They have no effect on viruses.
How can viral infections trigger autoimmune diseases?
By strengthening the immune system
By altering host cells, causing the immune system to attack the body
By reducing the number of white blood cells
By increasing the production of antibodies
What is chemoprophylaxis used for in the context of viral infections?
To provide permanent immunity
To offer immediate but temporary protection
To cure viral infections completely
To increase the severity of symptoms
What is the main cause of yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics according to the text?
Influenza B
Influenza A
H5N1
Coronavirus
Which influenza subtypes circulate continuously in humans?
H5 and H7
H1 and H3
H9 and H10
H6 and H7
What is a major public health concern related to the H5N1 subtype of Influenza A?
It causes mild symptoms in humans.
It is easily transmitted between humans.
It can cause respiratory failure and has a high mortality rate.
It is only found in a few countries.
What role does bird migration play in the spread of viral strains?
It decreases the risk of outbreaks.
It has no effect on viral spread.
It spreads viral strains, increasing risks of outbreaks.
It only affects local bird populations.
Which order are coronaviruses classified within?
Nidovirales
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Picornavirales
What is one of the effects of coronaviruses in infants and children?
Causes skin rashes
Causes diarrhea
Causes headaches
Causes joint pain
Which of the following is NOT a main genera of coronaviruses?
Alpha
Beta
Sigma
Delta
In what year did the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) occur?
2003
2010
1998
2015
Which of the following is a symptom of SARS?
Fever
Rash
Nausea
Headache
What is a risk factor for severe illness from COVID-19?
Cardiovascular disease
Asthma
Allergies
Migraine
Which treatment was experimental but showed activity against SARS?
Remdesivir
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Aspirin
Where was COVID-19 first identified?
Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
New York, USA
London, UK
Tokyo, Japan
What is the median onset period for COVID-19 symptoms post-exposure?
4 to 5 days
1 to 2 days
10 to 12 days
7 to 8 days
Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of the condition described?
Increased appetite
Fever
Weight gain
Decreased sputum production
What is the recommended home care for non-severe cases?
Avoid hydration
Use of antipyretics and analgesics
Avoid mask-wearing
No need for hand hygiene
How long should immunocompromised patients isolate before consulting healthcare providers?
3 days
5 days
10 days
15 days
What is a common transmission method for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) from asymptomatic hosts?
Blood
Saliva
Urine
Sweat
Which of the following is a common mode of transmission for CMV in adolescents and adults?
Blood transfusion
Sexual contact
Airborne droplets
Insect bites
What is a potential consequence of untreated CMV retinitis?
Hearing loss
Blindness
Kidney failure
Liver damage
Which population is at risk for active CMV infection due to immunosuppressant drugs?
Diabetes patients
Cancer patients
Asthma patients
Heart disease patients
What is the primary cause of genital herpes infection?
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
How is genital herpes usually transmitted?
Through airborne droplets
Through contaminated water
Through direct contact with open lesions
Through insect bites
What triggers can cause the reactivation of a latent HSV virus?
Intense sunlight, emotional stress, febrile illness, menstruation
Cold weather, high altitude, dehydration, hunger
Physical exercise, laughter, sleep, hydration
Low humidity, high temperature, fasting, meditation
How is neonatal herpes typically transmitted?
Through breast milk
During birth from an infected birth canal
Through contaminated water
By sharing utensils
What is the primary cause of Herpes Zoster (Shingles)?
Herpes simplex virus
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
Epstein-Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus
What are the symptoms of Herpes Zoster?
Localized cluster of painful, blisterlike skin lesions
High fever and joint pain
Severe headache and nausea
Persistent cough and sore throat
What type of virus is HIV?
Bacteriophage
Retrovirus
Adenovirus
Herpesvirus
Which cells does HIV primarily target?
Red blood cells
Neurons
CD4+ T lymphocytes
Platelets
What is the main purpose of measuring viral load in HIV patients?
To determine blood type
To monitor infection progression and treatment efficacy
To measure cholesterol levels
To assess liver function
During which phase of HIV infection does the virus replicate rapidly with symptoms similar to influenza?
Chronic phase
Initial phase
AIDS phase
Latency phase
How is HIV primarily transmitted?
Airborne particles
Contaminated water
Sexual intercourse
Insect bites
What is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants under 6 months?
Influenza
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
Adenovirus
Rhinovirus
How is Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) primarily transmitted?
Through contaminated food
Via respiratory droplets and secretions
By insect bites
Through water
Which group is at higher risk of developing severe symptoms from RSV?
Healthy adults
Infants under 6 months
Teenagers
Middle-aged adults
What is the typical prognosis for healthy children infected with RSV?
High mortality rate
Low mortality rate
Requires lifelong treatment
Permanent lung damage
What type of care is mainly used for treating RSV?
Surgical intervention
Mainly supportive care
Chemotherapy
Radiation therapy
What is the primary cause of viral hepatitis?
Bacterial infection
Fungal infection
Inflammation of the liver caused by several different viruses
Genetic disorder
Which types of hepatitis have vaccines available?
Hepatitis C and D
Hepatitis A and B
Hepatitis E and F
Hepatitis G and H
How is the Hepatitis A virus primarily transmitted?
Airborne particles
Blood transfusion
Fecal-oral route
Animal bites
What is the average incubation period for Hepatitis A?
5 to 10 days
15 to 20 days
25 to 30 days
35 to 40 days
What percentage of adults with Hepatitis A develop symptoms like fever and jaundice?
30%
50%
70%
90%
What percentage of infected adults with Hepatitis A require hospitalization?
5% to 10%
10% to 20%
20% to 30%
30% to 40%
Which group is NOT recommended to receive the Hepatitis A vaccine?
Children
Travelers to certain countries
Vegetarians
Intravenous drug users
How long can Hepatitis B virus survive on surfaces that look clean?
Up to 1 day
Up to 2 days
Up to 3 days
Up to 4 days
What is the incubation period range for Hepatitis B?
10 to 50 days
30 to 180 days
60 to 200 days
90 to 240 days
Which laboratory finding indicates the presence of Hepatitis B infection?
Decrease in liver enzymes
Presence of antigens and viral DNA in blood
Absence of antibodies
Increase in white blood cells
Approximately how many Americans die from complications of Hepatitis B each year?
1,000
3,000
5,000
7,000
What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis C (HCV)?
Airborne droplets
Contaminated food
Contact with contaminated blood or body fluids
Insect bites
Which group is considered high-risk for Hepatitis C (HCV) infection?
Office workers
Healthcare and public safety workers
School teachers
Retail employees
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis C (HCV)?
1 to 7 days
14 to 80 days
90 to 120 days
6 to 12 months
What is a major complication of Hepatitis C (HCV)?
Diabetes
Cirrhosis
Asthma
Hypertension
What is the effective treatment for Hepatitis C (HCV)?
Antibiotics
Vaccination
Effective drug therapies
Herbal remedies
What is the primary cause of COVID-19?
Bacteria
SARS-CoV-2
Fungi
Parasites
Which drug is used to reduce inflammation and immune response in COVID-19 patients?
Remdesivir
Tocilizumab
Dexamethasone
Baricitinib
What is the role of Remdesivir in COVID-19 treatment?
Reduces cytokine storm
Inhibits viral replication
Prevents thrombosis
Modulates immune response
Which medication is an IL-6 receptor antagonist used in COVID-19 treatment?
Dexamethasone
Remdesivir
Tocilizumab
Baricitinib
What is the purpose of administering anticoagulants to COVID-19 patients?
To reduce inflammation
To prevent or treat thrombosis
To inhibit viral replication
To modulate immune response
What is the protein binding percentage range for Remdesivir?
70% to 80%
88% to 93.6%
50% to 60%
95% to 100%
How is Remdesivir primarily eliminated from the body?
Through sweat
Via urine and feces
Through the skin
Via the lungs
What is the half-life of Remdesivir?
~2 hours
~1 hour
~3 hours
~4 hours
What is the mechanism of action of Remdesivir?
It enhances viral replication
It inhibits SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
It increases protein synthesis
It blocks DNA replication
For which age group is Remdesivir approved?
Patients 5 years and older
Patients 18 years and older
Patients 12 years and older
Patients 2 years and older
What should be considered for breastfeeding patients treated with Remdesivir?
Increase dosage
Stop breastfeeding immediately
Consider infant exposure risk and alternative feeding
No special considerations needed
What is a key consideration when administering remdesivir in a healthcare environment?
It can be administered at home.
It should be monitored for infusion reactions.
It is only for pediatric patients.
It requires no monitoring.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of remdesivir?
Severe hypertension
Severe bradycardia
Increased appetite
Weight gain
What is a contraindication for the use of remdesivir?
Hypersensitivity to remdesivir
Diabetes
Hypertension
Asthma
Which medication should be avoided in combination with remdesivir due to reduced effectiveness?
Ibuprofen
Chloroquine
Paracetamol
Aspirin
What should be monitored to assess the therapeutic effects of remdesivir?
Blood glucose levels
Pulmonary status and need for mechanical ventilation
Skin rash
Appetite
What is the preferred approach over treatment due to potential serious adverse effects of antiviral medications?
Prevention
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Which of the following is a recommended infection prevention technique?
Limit exposure to infected individuals
Increase exposure to sunlight
Avoid drinking water
Exercise daily
What should be done when visible lesions are present in genital herpes?
Avoid sexual intercourse
Increase physical activity
Consume more vitamins
Drink herbal tea
What is a limitation of antiviral drugs in treating viral infections?
They relieve symptoms but do not cure infections
They cure infections completely
They prevent all future infections
They enhance immune system permanently
For patients on foscarnet or ganciclovir, what is recommended for managing CMV retinitis?
Schedule eye examinations approximately every 6 weeks
Avoid all eye examinations
Use eye drops daily
Wear sunglasses indoors
What is the primary action of Tocilizumab?
Increases cytokine production
Blocks IL-6 effects to reduce inflammation
Enhances inflammatory response
Stimulates IL-6 production
For which condition is the use of Tocilizumab considered off-label?
Rheumatoid arthritis
COVID-19
Giant cell arteritis
Severe cytokine release syndrome
What is the half-life of Tocilizumab?
4 to 6 days
11 to 13 days
1 to 2 days
15 to 17 days
Which of the following is NOT a use of Tocilizumab according to FDA labeling?
Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease
COVID-19
Rheumatoid arthritis
Giant cell arteritis
What is the onset of action for Tocilizumab?
1 hour
4 hours
8 hours
12 hours
At what age is the medication approved for use in patients?
1 year and older
2 years and older
5 years and older
10 years and older
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of the medication?
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertension
Hypoglycemia
Hyperkalemia
What is a contraindication for the use of this medication?
Hypertension
Hypersensitivity to the drug
Hyperglycemia
Hypokalemia
What should be monitored even if the initial test was negative?
Blood pressure
Active TB
Blood sugar levels
Heart rate
What is the BLACK BOX WARNING associated with this medication?
Risk of liver damage
Risk of fatal infections, including tuberculosis reactivation
Risk of heart failure
Risk of kidney failure
What is the recommended method of administering the IV infusion mentioned in the document?
Over 30 minutes via a dedicated IV line
Over 60 minutes via a dedicated IV line
By IV push or bolus
With other meds in the same IV line
Which of the following is a desired therapeutic outcome of the treatment?
Increased inflammation
Decreased lung function
Improved lung function
Increased fever
What should be monitored to assess for adverse effects according to the document?
Blood pressure only
HDL, AST, ALT levels
Heart rate only
Blood sugar levels
What is Tocilizumab classified as?
An antiviral
An IL-6 receptor inhibitor
A pain reliever
A blood thinner
According to the study by Kaya and Kavak (2021), what percentage of patients treated with Tocilizumab were male?
50%
60%
75%
80%
What is the primary mechanism of action of Baricitinib (Olumiant)?
Inhibits intracellular Janus kinase (JAK) enzymes
Increases serum immunoglobulins
Enhances C-reactive protein production
Stimulates liver metabolism via CYP3A4
For what condition is Baricitinib (Olumiant) labeled for use?
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Treatment of diabetes
Treatment of hypertension
Treatment of asthma
