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X-ray production

Total questions: 83

Worksheet time: 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What are the two main components of an atom's nucleus?

a)

Protons and neutrons

b)

Electrons and protons

c)

Neutrons and electrons

d)

Protons and photons

2.

What particles are found in the orbitals of an atom?

a)

Electrons

b)

Protons

c)

Neutrons

d)

Quarks

3.

Atomic number equals the number of ______ in the nucleus.

a)

protons

b)

neutrons

c)

electrons

d)

quarks

4.

Atomic mass equals the sum of the ______ and ______ in the nucleus.

a)

protons, neutrons

b)

electrons, protons

c)

neutrons, electrons

d)

protons, electrons

5.

How are electrons organized in an atom?

a)

Into shells

b)

Randomly scattered

c)

In a straight line

d)

Grouped at the nucleus

6.

Which of the following is the name of the first orbital shell in an atom?

a)

L-shell

b)

K-shell

c)

M-shell

d)

N-shell

7.

What holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus?

a)

Electron binding energy (EBE)

b)

Gravitational force

c)

Neutron repulsion

d)

Magnetic attraction

8.

According to the information provided, what is one factor that the strength of the Electron Binding Energy (EBE) depends on?

a)

Temperature of the atom

b)

Location of the electron

c)

Color of the atom

d)

Shape of the nucleus

9.

K-shell electrons have more Electron Binding Energy (EBE) than M-shell electrons because they are closer to the nucleus.

a)

True

b)

False

10.

Fill in the blank: Atoms with higher atomic numbers will have _______ Electron Binding Energy (EBE).

a)

stronger

b)

weaker

c)

unchanged

d)

random

11.

Which atom will have greater Electron Binding Energy (EBE): a tungsten atom (Z=74) or a hydrogen atom (Z=1)?

a)

A tungsten atom (Z=74) will have greater EBE than a hydrogen atom (Z=1).

b)

A hydrogen atom (Z=1) will have greater EBE than a tungsten atom (Z=74).

c)

Both atoms will have the same EBE.

d)

Neither atom has any EBE.

12.

What does the valence number represent in an atom?

a)

The number of electrons in the last orbital shell.

b)

The number of protons in the nucleus.

c)

The total number of neutrons in the atom.

d)

The atomic mass of the element.

13.

Where are x-rays produced in the x-ray room?

a)

X-ray tube

b)

Control panel

c)

Lead apron

d)

Waiting area

14.

Name a component of the x-ray tube: ________ (Hint: It is the outer covering of the tube)

a)

Glass tube or envelope

b)

Filament

c)

Anode

d)

Cathode

15.

Name a component of the x-ray tube: ________ (Hint: It is responsible for emitting electrons)

a)

Hot filament or cathode assembly

b)

Glass envelope

c)

Rotating anode

d)

Lead shielding

16.

Name a component of the x-ray tube: ________

a)

Target or anode assembly

b)

Transformer coil

c)

Cooling fan

d)

Light bulb

17.

Which of the following is necessary for the operation of an x-ray tube?

a)

Magnetic field

b)

Potential difference

c)

Cooling fan

d)

Light source

18.

What is the function of the glass tube or glass envelope in an X-ray tube?

a)

It acts as a vacuum tube, prevents collision of electrons with air molecules, and increases the life of the tube by preventing oxidation of the filament.

b)

It focuses the X-rays into a narrow beam for better imaging.

c)

It serves as a cooling system to dissipate heat generated during X-ray production.

d)

It amplifies the X-ray signal for clearer images.

19.

The glass tube in an X-ray tube prevents collision of electrons with ________.

a)

air molecules

b)

photons

c)

protons

d)

neutrons

20.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glass tube in an X-ray tube?

a)

Acts as a vacuum tube

b)

Increases oxidation of the filament

c)

Prevents collision of electrons with air molecules

d)

Increases life of the tube

21.

The hot filament or cathode in an X-ray tube is:

a)

Positively charged

b)

Negatively charged

c)

Neutral

d)

Not charged

22.

What happens to the hot filament or cathode in an X-ray tube when it is heated up?

a)

It produces electrons.

b)

It emits X-rays directly.

c)

It absorbs all energy.

d)

It cools down rapidly.

23.

What is the charge of the target or anode assembly in an X-ray tube?

a)

Negatively charged

b)

Positively charged

c)

Neutral

d)

Alternating charge

24.

In an X-ray tube, electrons interact with the _______ to produce x-rays.

a)

target material

b)

glass envelope

c)

filament

d)

cooling fan

25.

What does the potential difference in an X-ray tube provide?

a)

The kilovolt potential difference between cathode and anode

b)

The current for the filament

c)

The vacuum inside the tube

d)

The cooling for the anode

26.

What is the process called when heating of the filament causes electrons to boil off its surface in x-ray production?

a)

Thermionic Emission

b)

Photoelectric Effect

c)

Compton Scattering

d)

Bremsstrahlung

27.

How many amperes of current are required for thermionic emission in x-ray production?

a)

4-6 amperes

b)

0.1-0.5 amperes

c)

10-12 amperes

d)

1-2 amperes

28.

What is the function of the focusing cup in x-ray production?

a)

It surrounds the filament and maintains a concentrated stream of electrons from the filament to the target or anode.

b)

It increases the energy of the x-ray photons produced.

c)

It cools down the anode after x-ray production.

d)

It absorbs scattered radiation within the x-ray tube.

29.

The focusing cup in x-ray production is negatively charged and made from which materials?

a)

Nickel or Molybdenum

b)

Copper

c)

Tungsten

d)

Lead

30.

In x-ray production, which end of the tube is the high electrical potential applied to?

a)

The cathode end

b)

The anode end

c)

The filament end

d)

The grid end

31.

In x-ray production, the cathode is ______ charged and the anode is ______ charged.

a)

negatively, positively

b)

positively, negatively

c)

positively, positively

d)

negatively, negatively

32.

What percentage of the interaction results in the production of x-rays when high speed electrons strike the target area on the anode?

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

50%

d)

100%

33.

Look at the diagram. Which part is labeled as 'Vacuum Tube'?

a)

The outer glass enclosure

b)

The inner filament

c)

The metal plate

d)

The wire connections

34.

Look at the diagram. Which part is labeled as 'Cathode'?

a)

The outer glass enclosure

b)

The metal plate

c)

The heated filament

d)

The wire connections

35.

Look at the diagram. Which part is labeled as 'Anode'?

a)

The outer glass enclosure

b)

The metal plate

c)

The heated filament

d)

The wire connections

36.

In the diagram, what is shown by the yellow dashed lines?

a)

The path of rays or electrons emitted from the cathode towards the anode.

b)

The direction of current flow in the external circuit.

c)

The magnetic field lines around the apparatus.

d)

The movement of ions in the electrolyte.

37.

What material is the anode generally made from?

a)

Copper

b)

Tungsten

c)

Silver

d)

Gold

38.

When electrons strike the tungsten atoms in the anode, two processes can occur to create x-rays. Name one of these processes.

a)

Bremsstrahlung interaction or Characteristic interactions

b)

Photoelectric effect

c)

Compton scattering

d)

Auger effect

39.

Which of the following is NOT a process that occurs when electrons strike tungsten atoms to create x-rays?

a)

Bremsstrahlung interaction

b)

Characteristic interactions

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Both A and B

40.

Fill in the blank: The anode is generally made from _______.

a)

tungsten

b)

copper

c)

aluminum

d)

iron

41.

What is the German word for braking/stopping?

a)

Strahlung

b)

Brems

c)

Photon

d)

Tungsten

42.

What is the German word for radiation?

a)

Brems

b)

Strahlung

c)

Electron

d)

Nucleus

43.

Bremsstrahlung interactions occur when the negatively charged electron interacts with the positively charged nucleus of a ______ atom in the target.

a)

tungsten

b)

carbon

c)

hydrogen

d)

oxygen

44.

Which of the following is NOT a process the electron undergoes during Bremsstrahlung interactions?

a)

A) Slows down

b)

B) Changes direction

c)

C) Gains energy

d)

D) Loses some of its energy

45.

The energy that is lost when the electron changes direction results in the emission of a ______ x-ray photon.

a)

bremsstrahlung

b)

characteristic

c)

photoelectric

d)

Compton

46.

How much energy is lost during Bremsstrahlung interactions depends on the severity of the ______ change.

a)

directional

b)

temperature

c)

pressure

d)

velocity

47.

Bremsstrahlung Interactions: The closer to the nucleus, the more the electron is ________.

a)

slowed

b)

accelerated

c)

ionized

d)

repelled

48.

Bremsstrahlung Interactions: The energy lost is converted to ________ photon.

a)

x-ray

b)

gamma-ray

c)

ultraviolet

d)

infrared

49.

The energy of the x-ray photon is equal to the difference between the ________ and ________ energy of the electron.

a)

entering; exiting

b)

exiting; entering

c)

initial; average

d)

final; maximum

50.

If the incident electron strikes the nucleus of the tungsten atom, it loses all of its energy and produces the ________ energy x-ray. (Dependent upon kVp selection)

a)

maximum

b)

minimum

c)

average

d)

moderate

51.

Brems interactions are:

a)

Homogenous and monoenergetic

b)

Heterogenous and polyenergetic

c)

Homogenous and polyenergetic

d)

Heterogenous and monoenergetic

52.

A single electron can cause numerous ________ interactions.

a)

brems

b)

photoelectric

c)

Compton

d)

pair production

53.

Which of the following is dependent upon kVp selection in Bremsstrahlung interactions?

a)

The number of incident electrons

b)

The maximum energy x-ray produced

c)

The type of atom

d)

The number of nuclei

54.

Fill in the blank: Incident electron interacts with the inner shell electron and ______ it from the shell.

a)

ejects

b)

attracts

c)

binds

d)

shares

55.

Fill in the blank: The inner shell vacancy is filled by an ______ shell electron.

a)

outer

b)

same

c)

lower

d)

core

56.

From which orbital shells can the electron be supplied to fill the inner shell vacancy in a tungsten atom?

a)

L, M, N, O, or P

b)

S, T, U, V, or W

c)

A, B, C, D, or E

d)

X, Y, Z, W, or Q

57.

The incident electron must have more energy than the EBE of the inner shell electron to eject it.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

Fill in the blank: When the outer shell electron fills in the inner shell, an ______ is produced.

a)

x-ray photon

b)

alpha particle

c)

neutron

d)

gamma ray

59.

What is the energy of the x-ray photon equal to? Fill in the blank: The energy of the x-ray photon is equal to ________.

a)

the difference between the EBEs of the orbital shells that contained the vacancy and the orbital shell that filled the vacancy.

b)

the sum of the atomic numbers of the two shells involved.

c)

the product of the wavelengths of the two shells involved.

d)

the average energy of all electrons in the atom.

60.

Which x-ray shell is diagnostically useful?

a)

K-shell

b)

L-shell

c)

M-shell

d)

N-shell

61.

What is the EBE of the K-shell of a tungsten atom? Fill in the blank: The K-shell of tungsten atom has an EBE of ____ keV.

a)

69.5

b)

12.1

c)

33.2

d)

85.0

62.

What is the EBE of the L-shell of a tungsten atom? Fill in the blank: The L-shell of tungsten atom has an EBE of ____ keV.

a)

12.1

b)

8.6

c)

15.7

d)

10.2

63.

What is the EBE of the M-shell of a tungsten atom? Fill in the blank: The M-shell of tungsten atom has an EBE of ____ keV.

a)

2.8

b)

1.2

c)

5.0

d)

0.7

64.

What is kV (kilovolt) a unit of?

a)

Potential difference

b)

Current

c)

Resistance

d)

Power

65.

What is the difference in charge between in the context of X-ray production?

a)

Between cathode and anode

b)

Between filament and target

c)

Between grid and screen

d)

Between tube housing and patient

66.

What does kV give to the electrons in X-ray production?

a)

Velocity (kinetic energy)

b)

Charge

c)

Mass

d)

Spin

67.

What is keV (kilo electron volt) a unit of?

a)

Energy

b)

Length

c)

Temperature

d)

Pressure

68.

1 eV is the energy of 1 electron in a potential difference of how many volts?

a)

1 volt

b)

10 volts

c)

0.1 volt

d)

100 volts

69.

What is the minimum kVp that must be set on the control panel to have characteristic interactions?

a)

70 kVp

b)

50 kVp

c)

60 kVp

d)

80 kVp

70.

Only a few x-rays with a maximum energy of how many keV are produced?

a)

70 keV

b)

40 keV

c)

100 keV

d)

150 keV

71.

The average energy of the beam is about what fraction of the kVp set?

a)

1/3

b)

1/2

c)

1/4

d)

2/3

72.

Between 80-100 kVp, what percentage of the x-rays produced are bremsstrahlung and what percentage are characteristic?

a)

90% bremsstrahlung, 10% characteristic

b)

50% bremsstrahlung, 50% characteristic

c)

10% bremsstrahlung, 90% characteristic

d)

100% bremsstrahlung, 0% characteristic

73.

Below 70 kVp, what type of x-rays are produced?

a)

100% are bremsstrahlung

b)

100% are characteristic

c)

50% are bremsstrahlung and 50% are characteristic

d)

No x-rays are produced

74.

Refer to the diagram of the target atom. Which electron shell is ejected to produce characteristic x-rays?

a)

K shell

b)

L shell

c)

M shell

d)

N shell

75.

According to the graph, at what x-ray energy (in keV) do characteristic x-rays appear?

a)

Around 70 keV

b)

Around 20 keV

c)

Around 100 keV

d)

Around 40 keV

76.

Tungsten is used as the target material because:

a)

it has a high melting point and atomic number

b)

it is inexpensive and lightweight

c)

it is easy to shape and mold

d)

it is a good electrical insulator

77.

What is the atomic number of Tungsten (W)?

a)

74

b)

56

c)

82

d)

47

78.

What is the melting point of Tungsten in degrees Celsius?

a)

3422°C

b)

1085°C

c)

660°C

d)

2468°C

79.

What is the melting point of Tungsten in degrees Fahrenheit?

a)

6192°F

b)

3422°F

c)

5000°F

d)

8000°F

80.

Thoriated tungsten is a tungsten alloy containing what percentage of thorium?

a)

1-2%

b)

5-6%

c)

10-12%

d)

20-25%

81.

Which of the following is used as the filament for the cathode due to thermionic emission?

a)

Pure tungsten

b)

Thoriated tungsten

c)

Pure thorium

d)

Carbon

82.

What is the melting point of thoriated tungsten in degrees Celsius?

a)

3410°C

b)

2500°C

c)

1800°C

d)

4200°C

83.

What is the melting point of thoriated tungsten in degrees Fahrenheit?

a)

6170°F

b)

3420°F

c)

4500°F

d)

5200°F

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