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Worksheetstest 2 rview endocrine
Total questions: 74
Worksheet time: 40mins
Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate for a patient with non-diabetic hypoglycemia?
Eat fewer meals with high simple sugars
Consume smaller, frequent meals high in protein and low in carbohydrates
Eliminate all fats and increase carbohydrate intake
Eat large meals three times a day with refined sugars
A patient with non-diabetic hypoglycemia may experience which of the following symptoms?
Rapid heartbeat, tremulousness, weakness, anxiety
Blurred vision, weight gain, poor wound healing
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Increased thirst, polyuria, polyphagia
Which patient is at highest risk of developing Type 2 diabetes?
A 45-year-old with a BMI of 35 and family history of diabetes
A 16-year-old with sudden unexplained weight loss
A 28-year-old woman who is pregnant
A 20-year-old with pancreatic beta cell destruction
Which intervention is most important when managing a patient in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Lowering blood glucose rapidly with IV insulin
Monitoring BUN and kidney function
Lowering blood glucose levels gradually
Restricting fluid intake
Which patient statement requires further teaching about insulin injections?
“I’ll inject into my abdomen or thigh.”
“I should rotate injection sites to avoid lipodystrophy.”
“I will inject the insulin into my muscle to make it absorb faster.”
“This medication is given subcutaneously.”
Which complication is more common in Type 2 diabetes than in Type 1?
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)
Rapid weight loss
Nausea and vomiting
A newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic is most likely to present with which classic triad of symptoms?
Bradycardia, hypertension, edema
Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
Dyspnea, fatigue, chest pain
Nausea, pruritus, blurred vision
Which of the following best describes Type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Caused by insulin resistance and commonly associated with obesity
Secondary to malfunction of the beta cells leading to little or no endogenous insulin production
Occurs only during pregnancy and resolves afterward
Characterized by excessive production of insulin by alpha cells
Which patient statement indicates understanding of lifelong Addison disease management?
“I only need to take prednisone when I feel weak.”
“I will need hormone replacement every day for the rest of my life.”
“Once my adrenal glands heal, I can stop the medicine.”
“I can skip fludrocortisone if I eat extra salt.”
Which disorder involves insufficient cortisol and aldosterone but can be compensated by gonadal hormones?
Cushing syndrome
Addison disease
Pheochromocytoma
Gigantism
Which test is used to diagnose SIADH?
Cortisol stimulation test
Simultaneous urine and serum osmolality
Water deprivation test
ACTH suppression test
Which disorder is associated with HYPERtension?
Addison disease
Cushing syndrome
Hypoparathyroidism
DI
Classic features of Cushing syndrome include:
Hypotension and weight loss
Moon face and buffalo hump
Tetany and convulsions
Diaphoresis and hypertension crisis
Cushing syndrome is most commonly caused by:
Pituitary adenoma
Adrenal cortex tumor
Ectopic ACTH production
Prolonged corticosteroid therapy
Which medications are used to replace adrenal hormones in Addison disease?
Levothyroxine and Tapazole
Prednisone and fludrocortisone
Methimazole and propranolol
Insulin and glucagon
A hallmark sign of Addison disease is:
Hypertension
Hypotension
Moon face
Buffalo hump
Addison disease is caused by:
Excess cortisol production
Adrenal cortex insufficiency
Pituitary hyperfunction
Pheochromocytoma
The treatment for pheochromocytoma is:
Beta-blockers only
Surgical removal of tumor
Radiation therapy
Long-term steroids
A patient with pheochromocytoma will most likely present with:
Hypertension, headache, and sweating
Hypotension and bradycardia
Weight loss and dehydration
Tetany and hypocalcemia
The primary treatment for symptomatic hyperparathyroidism is:
Corticosteroid therapy
Surgical removal of adenoma
Radioactive iodine therapy
IV calcium replacement
Secondary hyperparathyroidism often occurs due to:
Chronic kidney disease
Graves disease
Excess ACTH
Sheehan syndrome
Acute tetany from hypoparathyroidism is treated with:
Insulin
IV calcium gluconate
Beta-blockers
Cortisol replacement
The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is:
Vitamin D deficiency
Autoimmune thyroiditis
Accidental removal during thyroidectomy
Chronic kidney disease
Which cancer accounts for most thyroid cancers?
Papillary carcinoma
Follicular carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Anaplastic carcinoma
A patient has restlessness, tachycardia, and fever after thyroidectomy. The nurse suspects:
Thyroid storm
Myxedema coma
SIADH
Addison crisis
A contraindication for radioactive iodine therapy is:
Hypertension
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Age over 60
Obesity
Which medication is the main antithyroid drug?
Levothyroxine
Prednisone
Methimazole (Tapazole)
Hydrocortisone
Primary hyperthyroidism is most often caused by:
Sheehan syndrome
Graves disease
Addison disease
Pituitary infarction
A patient with SIADH will likely present with:
Excessive urination and thirst
Hypertension, edema, and confusion
Polyuria and weight loss
Hypernatremia and tachycardia
SIADH results in which electrolyte imbalance?
Hypernatremia
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Which nursing action is most important for a patient with DI?
Monitor weight gain
Record strict intake and output
Encourage fluid restriction
Limit sodium in diet
Which diagnostic test helps confirm central diabetes insipidus?
Water deprivation test
Serum calcium level
Thyroid scan
Cortisol stimulation test
A patient with diabetes insipidus will most likely have:
Dilute urine and hypernatremia
Concentrated urine and hyponatremia
Weight gain and edema
Oliguria and hypertension
Which postpartum complication can lead to pituitary infarction and hyposecretion?
Sheehan syndrome
Cushing syndrome
Thyroid storm
SIADH
The most common cause of pituitary hypofunction is:
Autoimmune disease
Tumor
Trauma
Infection
Which pituitary disorder is linked to hypersecretion of ACTH?
Cushing syndrome
Addison disease
Diabetes insipidus
Hypoparathyroidism
Excessive growth hormone secretion in adults causes:
Addison disease
Acromegaly
Dwarfism
Cushing syndrome
The pituitary gland is called the “master gland” because it:
Controls only the thyroid gland
Secretes hormones that regulate multiple endocrine glands
Stores insulin and glucagon
Produces catecholamines
A patient presents with hypertension, headache, and sweating. Testing reveals a tumor secreting catecholamines in the adrenal medulla. This is most consistent with:
Addison disease
SIADH
Pheochromocytoma
Cushing syndrome
Which condition is associated with hypotension due to adrenal cortex insufficiency?
Addison disease
Cushing syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
Pheochromocytoma
Which is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
Follicular carcinoma
Papillary carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma
Anaplastic carcinoma
A patient develops tachycardia, high fever, and restlessness immediately after thyroid surgery. The nurse suspects:
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid storm
SIADH
Addison crisis
What is the main disadvantage of radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism?
Hyponatremia
Hypothyroidism
Severe hypertension
Risk of gigantism
Which patient is most at risk for hyperthyroidism?
Male teenager
Female age 35
Male age 60 with diabetes
Female age 70
A nurse recognizes that syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by:
Excess urine output and hypernatremia
Fluid retention, hyponatremia, and concentrated urine
Increased serum osmolality and dilute urine
Tachycardia, weight loss, and constipation
A postpartum woman develops pituitary infarction after hemorrhage. This is called:
Addison disease
Sheehan syndrome
Acromegaly
Cushing syndrome
A nurse caring for a patient with diabetes insipidus (DI) should expect which finding?
Weight gain and edema
Polyuria with dilute urine
Hyponatremia and seizures
Bradycardia and hypertension
The thyroid gland primarily secretes which of the following hormones?
Insulin
Cortisol
Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)
Glucagon
A 44 y/o female presents to the clinic saying that she doesn’t feel right. Blood pressure was 146/88, pulse was 110bpm, temp 99.7ªF. On review of systems, she mentions an increased appetite, but has been losing weight and having difficulty swallowing food. Her hair used to be thick and curly but now it has become thin and strait. She has been having episodes of diarrhea, and is very intolerant of the heat. She appears restless and complains of fatigue. Her eyes appear to be bulging out and her neck appears swollen in the shape of a butterfly. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding this patient?
Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI) will be present in the blood
TSI stimulates thyroid tissue growth
The patient has Grave’s Disease
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) will be high
All of the above are true
Throughout the year you've found that you feel tired and sluggish and you've put on some extra weight. What gland might be the cause of this?
Pituitary
Thyroid
Adrenal
What does the thyroid do?
It regulates calcium levels in the blood
It produces adrenaline
It makes hormones that control the way the body uses energy
It produces immune cells
Excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) before the closure of bone growth plates causes which condition?
Acromegaly
Addison disease
Gigantism
Dwarfism
Which endocrine disorder is particularly associated with cardiac issues?
Diabetes mellitus
Thyroid disorders
Addison’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
Normal serum T4 (thyroxine) level is:
0.3–5 mcU/mL
70–190 ng/dL
4.5–12 mcg/dL
5–23 mcg/dL (8 a.m. value)
An A1c level of 6.8% indicates:
Normal blood glucose control
Prediabetes
Poor diabetic control
Risk of hypoglycemia
Which factor can help prevent goiter?
High calcium intake
Sufficient iodine intake
Increased sodium intake
Adequate vitamin D
A patient’s fasting blood glucose is 130 mg/dL. This is best interpreted as:
Normal
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia (possible diabetes)
Poor diabetic control
The adrenal medulla secretes which hormones?
Cortisol and aldosterone
T3 and T4
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Insulin and glucagon
Which cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
Gamma cells
Where is the thyroid gland located?
Below the sternum
In front of and on either side of the trachea
Posterior to the esophagus
On the anterior surface of the kidneys
The pituitary gland connects to the hypothalamus through which structure?
Infundibulum (hypophyseal stalk)
Optic chiasm
Median eminence
Pineal stalk
Which best describes the pancreas?
Only an endocrine gland
Only an exocrine gland
Both an endocrine and exocrine gland
Neither endocrine nor exocrine
Identify the endocrine gland/part shown by letter A
Pineal
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Parathyroid
The endocrine system is responsible for
breathing
hormones
blood circulation
nerves
Which body system does this gland belong to?
Nervous
Integumentary
Endocrine
Muscular
Where is the hormone Insulin produced?
ALPHA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE PANCREAS
BETA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE PANCREAS.
DELTA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE PANCREAS
LAMBDA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS OF THE PANCREAS
