Two distinct methods of elimination include:

Stretch receptors stimulated at ___-___, triggering the voiding reflex

Factors affecting urination include:

Normal urinary elimination should look like:

Production of abnormally large amounts of urine

Which chronic condition is mainly associated with polyuria and polydipsia?

Compulsive intake of excessive amounts of fluid

<100mL of urine a day, associated with patients on dialysis and with kidney failure

<400mL of urine a day

Which term describes voiding often at nighttime? Common in the elderly and pregnant

What is the definition of dysuria?

What is the definition of hesitancy?

During a home​ visit, an older adult male client mentions that he has experienced an increase in the frequency of urination at night. Which condition should the nurse discuss as a possible factor related to increased urinary elimination at​ night? (Select all that​ apply.)

1. A) Infection​

2. B) Oliguria​

3. C) Recognition of bladder fullness​

4. D) Nocturia​

5. E) Residual urine

Which of the following are risk factors for alterations in urination?

We palpate before auscultate.

What can be expected in a urinary physical examination?

Your elderly patient is having issues with urination frequency. You and your collogues are concerned about residual urine issues. What is the most convenient diagnostic test can be used to assess if the patient is experiencing residual urine?

What is the most common diagnostic tool for health assessment often done individuals with urinary symptoms.

You are caring for a patient admitted with urination retention. What are some independent nursing interventions you can complete?

This medication blocks receptors in the detrusor muscle of the bladder, preventing contractions and the urge to avoid

*used in patients who constantly urinate to slow things down

This medication stimulates bladder contraction and assists with voiding via relaxation of trigone and sphincter muscles

*take on empty stomach

Your patient presents with polyuria and urine incontinence. Which medication might they be prescribed to help this urinary issue?

After completing a bladder scan of a patient, it is evident that they are experiencing urinary retention. What medication might be prescribed to help solve this issue?

When blood flows through external machine

*when giving treatment to patient, be mindful of limb restriction

*NO BP in the arm that receives treatment!

Solution is instilled into abdomen and rests there while molecules exchange and then it is drained

*typically used for temporary/acute kidney failure

Which structure stores urine before it is excreted from the body?

The average adult bladder can comfortably hold:

Upon completing a bladder scan after a patient has urinated, you find the bladder is still full of urine. This patient is most likely experiencing...

A nurse notes that a patient urinates frequently at night. This is called

Which of the following is a normal color and clarity of urine?

The nurse is teaching the patient about fluid intake. Which fluids are considered a diuretic and may increase urination?

Which nursing intervention can be completed to promote normal urinary elimination?

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

Formation and expulsion of feces

-retrains nutrients and removes waste

-highly individualized

Peristalsis is defined as

Fiber that is good for colon health, and eases/prevents constipation

Type of fiber that lowers blood cholesterol, improves blood sugars, help stay full longer

Which of the following are factors affecting bowel elimination?

Which of the following are factors affecting bowel elimination and cause constipation?

During an office​ visit, a client reports infrequent and difficult bowel movements. Which teaching topic should the nurse include when developing the​ client's plan of​ care? (Select all that​ apply.)

1. A) The importance of staying active​

2. B) The avoidance of raw​ fruit, vegetables, and meat when traveling abroad​

3. C) The importance of cooking and storing food correctly​

4. D) The use of laxatives or stool softeners​

5. E) The importance of consuming adequate amounts of fluid and fiber

What are potential risks that are associated with diarrhea

Presence of excess gas leading to inflation and stretching of intestines

Results from inflammation of the diverticula

*most patients with this are asymptomatic

-can compress arteries, obstruct the bowel, perforate, and cause bleeding

occurs when the contents of the intestine are unable to move through the intestine

-can be mechanical or functional

The daughter of a​ wheelchair-bound older adult client is concerned because her mother has been experiencing urinary incontinence. Which statement should the nurse use to explain the condition to the​ daughter?

A) "Renal blood flow and ability to concentrate urine decrease in older​ adults."​

1. B) "Mobility issues may cause urinary​ incontinence."​

2. C) "The frequency of voiding varies in older adults and may cause urinary​ incontinence."​

3. "D) The kidneys reach maximum size at ages 35 to​ 40."

The nurse should anticipate conducting which assessment when preparing to provide care for a client experiencing alterations in bowel​ function? (Select all that​ apply.)

1. A) Abdominal assessment​

2. B) Skin assessment​

3. C) Client interview​

4. D) Renal assessment​

5. E) Inguinal area assessment

An inguinal hernia is defined as

The nurse is caring for a client who has a positive fecal test for occult blood. The nurse should anticipate which collaborative activity to further identify the cause of the​ client's problem?

Lowers surface tension of stool so that water can penetrate, soften, and allow for easier passing

*hold if patient has diarrhea

Stimulates intestinal peristalsis and increases the volume of water and electrolytes in intestine

*bowel movement should occur within 12 hours

Draws water into intestine to increase mass of stool and stretching of musculature

*causes peristalsis

Supplemental fiber to soften fecal mass and increase bulk

*take two hours before or after other meds

*take with at least 8oz of water

Augments acetylcholine, increasing upper GI motility and peristalsis

*don't use with bowel obstruction, perforation, or hemorrhage

Blocks opioid mu receptors in GI tract

Blocks action of acetylcholine, slowing motility of the intestines

What is meconium?

Which part of the GI tract is mainly responsible for water absorption and stool formation?

Your patients stool SHOULD look...

Your patient is experiencing difficult, infrequent bowel movements. What is the medical term for what the patient is experiencing?

Your patient passes black, tarry stools (melena). This indicates:

What is the most common cause of constipation in hospitalized patients?

Which of the following foods would most help prevent constipation?

As a nurse, you know that a bowel training program is most useful for patients with:

Which nursing intervention can best promote normal bowel elimination?

Our surface temperature remains stable, but our core temperature is always changing.

Normal body temperature range is 97-99 degrees F.

The temporal lobe responds when the core temp goes too high or low.

Ideal core temperature is 98.6 degrees.

Which of the following affect body temperature?

Temperature transfer that involves laying on a cold surface (ex. operating room table)

Temperature transfer that involves fluid motion of air or water (ex. fan, aquatics)

Temperature transfer that involves no physical contact (ex. the sun)

Temperature transfer that involves converting water into a vapor.

When the body becomes cold, it responds by...

Your patient is admitted with a traumatic brain injury. One of the healthcare providers concerns is the patients thermoregulation. Why is the healthcare provider concerned about the patient's ability to thermoregulate?

Factors that can affect thermoregulation include:

Without fever

Highest temperature recorded

Your patient has a temp of 94.9 degrees. They are considered hypothermic.

<95 degrees F

>101.3 degrees F

>104.0 degrees F

What is the most accurate way to take temperature?

Which age group is most at risk for impair thermoregulation?

What is an important nursing consideration in the thermoregulation of older adults?

A fever is a temperature of >101.3 degrees F.

Fever is a very serious symptom that should be treated immediately no matter the temperature.

Fever causes include:

Vasoconstriction occurs during fever.

Your patients fever alternates at regular intervals between periods of fever and periods of normal. They are most likely experiencing what type of fever?

Your patient is having flu-like symptoms. They have a fever that has a wide fluctuation in temperature over a 24 hour period. What type of fever is your patient most likely experiencing?

Your patient is febrile for a few days, afebrile for a few days, then febrile for a few days. Which type of fever are they most likely experiencing?

Your patient's fever fluctuates minimally, but is always above normal. Which type of fever are they experiencing?

Your patient's fever fluctuates from normal to fever rapidly and returns to normal after a few hours

*risk for fever seizures

What kind of fever is your patient most likely experiencing?

Malaise is described as:

Your patient has a fever. What are some signs and symptoms of a fever that may be present in your patient?

When completing a complete blood count, what are we looking for that would cause a fever?

Which of the following would help us find the cause of a fever?

Which fever pharmacological treatment is described:

-dose= 325mg-1g

-can be given as pill, liquid, IV, and suppository

-processed by liver

Which fever pharmacological treatment is described:

-dose= 325-650 mg

-increased risk for bleeding

-processed by kidney

Which fever pharmacological treatment is described below:

-usual dose= 200-800mg

-motrin/aleve

-increase risk for bleeding

-processed by kidney

What is the correct pathophysiology of hyperthermia?

If the ABC's are unaffected, the first thing you should do with a hyperthermic patient is...

What are common in hyperthermic patients to get then cooled down ASAP?

You need a doctor's order for the use of cooling blankets and cold lavages.

Which vital signs match a hyperthermic patient?

Blood pressure skyrockets when you become heat exhausted.

Heat stroke can lead to vascular collapse, which is...

During heat stoke, permanent damage will be done to the body's organs after thirty minutes.

What are the three mechanisms of hypothermia?

Mild hypothermia

Moderate hypothermia

Severe hypothermia

What are the first signs of hypothermia?

What are signs of MODERATE hypothermia?

Severe hypothermia...

What chronic disease puts someone at a thermoregulation risk?

What are hypothermia causes and risk factors?

Newborns lose 4x the amount of heat than adults.

What are some risks for hypothermia in older adults?

Skin freezes when temperature drops below 32 degrees F.

The body vasoconstricts during hypothermia to conserve core temp, usually at the expense of the extremities.

Why does the body do this?

Necrosis happens in severe cases of frost bite and is defined as

What is infected necrosis?