WorksheetsPY101 Final Study Guide
Total questions: 94
Worksheet time: 47mins
Prior to the 18th century, people who exhibited abnormal behavior were thought to be
possessed by evil spirits and were treated through exorcism.
mentally ill and were treated through exorcism.
mentally ill and were treated through verbal psychotherapy.
possessed by evil spirits and were treated through drug therapy.
A prognosis
is a forecast about the probable course of an illness.
involves distinguishing one illness from another.
refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.
is a plan for treating an illness.
Behavior that interferes with an individual’s social or occupational functioning may be considered to be
deviant.
maladaptive.
personally distressing.
insane.
Behavior that does NOT coincide with cultural norms may be considered to be
deviant.
maladaptive.
personally distressing.
insane.
Behavior that causes depression or anxiety for the affected individual may be considered to be
deviant.
maladaptive.
personally distressing.
insane.
If a psychological disorder results in an individual having difficulty completing routine or necessary everyday activities, the individual’s behavior would MOST likely be considered
personally distressing.
incompetent.
maladaptive.
deviant.
Which of the following is a common stereotype about psychological disorders?
Psychological disorders are curable.
Psychological disorders are a function of biophysiological factors.
People with psychological disorders are violent and dangerous.
People with psychological disorders are not very different from normal people.
The DSM classification system is said to be “multiaxial.” This means that the system
permits multiple diagnoses of a single individual.
asks for judgments about individuals on numerous separate dimensions.
allows many different potential methods of diagnosing people.
is characterized by poor reliability.
Using the DSM-IV, disorders of mood would be recorded on
Axis I.
Axis III.
Axis IV.
Axis X.
DSM-IV uses five “axes” to describe a person’s problem. The actual diagnosis of a disorder is made on
Axis I only.
Axis II only.
Axis I and II.
Axis V.
Using the DSM-IV, estimates of the current level of the patient’s functioning would be recorded on
Axis I.
Axis V.
Axis X.
Axis IV.
The biggest issue with respect to the DSM diagnostic approach is
assumptions about nonoverlapping diagnoses.
the inclusion of dissociative disorders.
the inclusion of substance use disorders.
the overreliance on a dimensional approach.
In regard to psychological disorders, prevalence refers to
how common a disorder is in the population.
the absolute number of people who are experiencing any psychological disorder at a given point in time.
the reliability of the diagnosis of psychological disorders.
the percentage of a population that has ever been treated for a psychological disorder.
All of the following are considered anxiety disorders EXCEPT
generalized anxiety disorder.
conversion disorder.
phobic disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The cartoon character Charlie Brown, with his extreme dread, pessimism, worrying, and brooding, could be diagnosed as having
generalized anxiety disorder.
a phobic disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
panic disorder.
The disorder that is characterized by worry and fear, muscle tension, trembling, and faintness is known as a
conversion disorder.
paranoid disorder.
dissociative disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
The anxiety disorder in which an individual experiences numerous emotional attacks characterized by overwhelming terror that occur suddenly and unexpectedly is known as
generalized anxiety disorder.
a phobic disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
panic disorder.
An unwanted thought that repeatedly intrudes upon an individual’s consciousness is called
a delusion.
an obsession.
a compulsion.
a hallucination.
A college student faced with upcoming exams and term papers responds to his resulting feelings of anxiety by reorganizing his notes, rearranging his bookshelves, cleaning out his desk drawer, and straightening up his closet. He would be showing symptoms of
claustrophobia.
psychogenic fugue.
disorganized schizophrenia.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
An anxiety disorder that typically follows a very painful event and is characterized by a reliving of that event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the event, or numbing of general responsiveness is
generalized anxiety disorder.
conversion disorder.
panic disorder.
posttraumatic stress disorder.
Which of the following is NOT among the common symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder?
the presence of nightmares and flashbacks
an increased sense of vulnerability
increased problems with social relations
An individual gets sudden, paralyzing attacks of anxiety and fears leaving her house. Which anxiety disorder does this describe?
generalized anxiety disorder
phobic disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
panic disorder
The anxiety disorder characterized by persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals or behaviors is
posttraumatic stress disorder.
generalized anxiety disorder.
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
panic disorder.
While a person with ____ experiences anxiety only in certain specific situations, a person with ____ experiences anxiety in a wide variety of situations.
phobic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder
generalized anxiety disorder; phobic disorder
generalized anxiety disorder; panic disorder
panic disorder; phobic disorder
The results of both twin and family studies suggest that for anxiety disorders,
there is no evidence for heritability of anxiety.
there is a moderate genetic predisposition to anxiety disorders.
there is a strong genetic predisposition to anxiety disorder.
anxiety disorders do not run in families.
Recent research into the possibility of a neurochemical basis for anxiety disorders has generated evidence that suggests anxiety disorders may result from
disturbances in the neural circuits using norepinephrine.
disturbances in the neural circuits using GABA.
too much activity in the neural circuits using serotonin.
too little activity in the neural circuits using serotonin.
Abnormalities in neural circuits that use ____ have recently been implicated in panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders.
dopamine
acetylcholine
serotonin
endorphin
According to Mowrer, phobic responses are acquired through ____ conditioning and maintained through ____ conditioning.
classical; operant
classical; classical
operant; classical
operant; operant
The psychological disorder that involves the coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete, and usually very different, personalities is
schizophrenic disorder.
dissociative identity disorder.
dissociative fugue.
dissociative amnesia.
Which of the following about dissociative identity disorder is LEAST accurate?
DID is more common in men.
Differences between personalities can be bizarre.
Personalities may differ in gender and sexual orientation.
DID may be overdiagnosed.
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
It is MOST accurate to state that while an individual with a unipolar disorder experiences episodes of ____, a person with a bipolar disorder experiences episodes of ____.
mania; depression
depression; mania
both depression and mania; depression
depression; both depression and mania
Earlier age of onset of depression is associated with
less severe symptoms.
less chronic symptoms.
increased risk of developing additional disorders.
less impairment in occupational functioning.
The average duration of depressive episodes is
7 to 14 days.
4 to 6 weeks.
1 year.
6 months.
Researchers have found that depression occurs
nearly twice as frequently in women as in men.
nearly four times as frequently in women as in men.
with equal frequency in women and in men.
nearly twice as frequently in men as in women.
About what percentage of people who complete suicide suffered from some type of psychological disorder?
30%
50%
70%
90%
Bipolar disorders occur in ____ of the population.
about 1%
nearly 33%
approximately 7%
around 15%
Schizophrenia is MOST characterized by
emotional disturbances and high levels of anxiety.
the presence of two or more distinct personalities.
loss of memory or personal identity.
a disturbance of thought processes.
________ is characterized by profound impairment of social functioning apparent by the age of three.
Disorganized schizophrenia
Expressive emotion disorder
Autistic disorder
Learning disorder
All of the following symptoms characterize autistic disorder EXCEPT
excessive speech.
repetitive body movements.
rages and tantrums.
self-injurious behavior.
The MOST valid conclusion that can currently be drawn about the etiology of autism is
autism is most frequently caused by childhood vaccinations.
autism is likely caused by cold, aloof parenting styles.
autism is likely caused by early childhood abuse.
the data are too ambiguous to draw firm conclusions on the causes of autism.
The stress-vulnerability models that have been developed for mood disorders and schizophrenic disorders illustrate which of your text’s unifying themes?
Our experience of the world is highly subjective.
Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage.
Psychology is empirical.
Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
Anorexia nervosa is associated with all of the following EXCEPT
dangerous measures to lose weight.
a disturbed body image.
an awareness that the behavior is maladaptive.
serious medical complications such as cardiac arrest.
Individuals with _____ typically maintain a reasonably normal weight.
anorexia nervosa
bulimia nervosa
both anorexia and bulimia nervosa
neither anorexia nor bulimia nervosa
Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that have been linked to the development of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa in young women?
mothers who model unhealthy dieting behaviors for their daughters
parents who are negligent or uninvolved in their children’s lives
the presence of rigid, all-or-none thinking and maladaptive beliefs
a genetic vulnerability to eating disorders
The MOST common psychological disorders in the United States are
schizophrenic disorders.
personality disorders.
mood disorders.
substance use disorders.
Using the DSM-IV listings and lifetime prevalence, it is estimated that ____ of the population will experience a psychological disorder at some time in their lives.
less than 10%
approximately 27%
approximately 44%
close to 60%
Which pair of classes of psychological disorders listed below BOTH show a strong influence of genetic factors on the development of the disorders?
Eating disorders and dissociative disorders
Mood and eating disorders
Schizophrenic and dissociative disorders
Mood and schizophrenic disorders
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?
The first systematic psychotherapy procedure was Freud’s psychoanalysis.
Since Freud’s time, all forms of treatment for psychological disorders have involved verbal interaction.
All psychotherapies employ essentially the same method of treatment.
Insight therapy is the most effective method for treating psychological disorders.
A psychotherapist who participates in complex verbal interactions with clients in order to enhance clients’ understanding of themselves and their problems would be classified as
an insight therapist.
a behavior therapist.
a biomedical therapist.
a homeopathic therapist.
Drug therapy is classified as (a) therapy; electroconvulsive shock therapy is classified as (b) therapy.
an aversion
a biomedical
a behavior
an insight
Approximately (a) of mental health patients are treated ONLY with medication.
25%
50%
75%
90%
The two MOST common problems among those who seek psychotherapy are
marital conflicts and a sense of emptiness.
loneliness and boredom.
low self-esteem and irrational thinking.
anxiety and depression.
Which of the following statements is MOST accurate?
Men are more likely than women to enter therapy.
People from the lower socioeconomic classes are more likely to enter therapy than those from the upper classes.
Many people who need therapy don’t receive it.
Only people who have an identifiable mental disorder are eligible for therapy.
Therapists who emphasize the application of learning principles in treatment use the (a) approach to psychotherapy.
behavior
biomedical
insight
emotion
Therapists who emphasize altering an individual’s physiological functioning in treatment use the (a) approach to psychotherapy.
behavior
biomedical
insight
emotion
According to Freud, the events in dreams
have no connection to the client’s real life and thus are irrelevant in therapy.
are symbolic representations of recent events in the client’s life.
need to be analyzed by the therapist and interpreted for the client.
are logical interpretations of random neural activation.
Psychoanalysis is a therapy that emphasizes
correcting habitual thinking errors.
the recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses.
providing a supportive climate for clients.
improving interpersonal skills.
Freud believed that psychological disorders are caused by
current stressful situations in one’s life.
inconsistency between one’s self-concept and reality.
unconscious conflicts left over from early childhood.
maladaptive patterns of thinking established in childhood.
Carl Rogers named his technique “client-centered therapy” to emphasize his belief that
clients should play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy.
clients should always be the center of attention.
therapists should always share all of their thoughts, feelings, and experiences with clients.
the client is in a position of natural status and authority over the therapist.
Carl Rogers’ client-centered therapy grew from the
psychoanalytic tradition.
behaviorist tradition.
humanistic tradition.
cognitive tradition.
According to Rogers, personal distress occurs when
unconscious conflicts threaten to rise to the surface of conscious awareness.
a person engages in negative thinking.
there is incongruence between a person’s self-concept and reality.
a person is lacking in self-control.
The major emphasis in client-centered therapy is to provide the client with
interpretation of unconscious thinking.
cognitive restructuring.
feedback and clarification.
good advice.
Which therapists are likely to play the LEAST active (most subtle) role in conducting therapy?
behavior therapists
cognitive therapists
group therapists
psychoanalytic therapists
In couples therapy, the primary focus of treatment is
the relationship between the partners.
early childhood memories.
negotiations with extended family members.
the children’s home environment.
In which form of therapy are individuals MOST clearly viewed as part of an ecosystem that affects their behavior?
rational-emotive therapy
family therapy
role-model therapy
client-centered therapy
“What has been learned can be unlearned” is a central assumption of
insight therapy.
group therapy.
behavior therapy.
biomedical therapy.
The idea that you can’t be profoundly relaxed and fearful at the same time is basic to
behavior modification.
systematic desensitization.
successive goal approximations.
psychodynamic activation.
A form of behavior therapy that emphasizes modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping and is designed to improve interpersonal skills is
systematic desensitization.
aversive conditioning.
behavioral redirection.
social skills training.
Aversion therapy is designed to remove unwanted
negative associations using classical conditioning techniques.
pleasant associations using observational learning techniques.
negative associations using operant learning techniques.
pleasant associations using classical conditioning techniques.
The goal of cognitive therapy is to
use observational learning to overcome maladaptive behavior.
change the client's negative thought and maladaptive beliefs.
use positive reinforcement to change maladaptive behaviors.
use verbal interactions to expand the client’s self-knowledge.
Uncovering the patterns of thinking and assumptions behind maladaptive behavior and then assessing their validity is at the core of
cognitive therapy.
reality therapy.
behavioral therapy.
client-centered therapy.
According to Beck, which types of thought processes tend to produce depression?
Blaming setbacks on circumstantial factors
Focusing selectively on positive experiences
Drawing negative conclusions about one’s personal worth based on insignificant events
Failing to accept responsibility for one’s own actions
Therapies that involve physiological intervention intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders are
behavior therapies.
insight therapies.
biomedical therapies.
cognitive therapies.
Valium and Xanax are
antidepressant drugs.
tranquilizers.
antipsychotic drugs.
MAO inhibitors.
About (a) of psychotic patients respond favorably to antipsychotic medication.
15%
5%
40%
70%
The side effect associated with taking traditional antipsychotic drugs that is characterized by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements is
infundibular recidivism.
tardive dyskinesia.
tachycardia palpitations.
MAO inhibition.
Electroconvulsive shock therapy (ECT)
involves the use of electric shock to produce a cortical seizure and convulsions.
is used primarily for the treatment of schizophrenia.
has been used increasingly often since the 1940s.
is one of the key components in aversion therapy.
Dissatisfaction with the system of public mental hospitals led to the
development of psychotherapy techniques in the 1900s.
“rebirth” of mental institutions in the 1960s.
community mental health movement of the 1960s.
managed care movement of the 1990s.
Which of the following statements concerning homeless individuals is true?
Approximately 1/3 of the homeless have a violent criminal past.
Approximately 1/3 of the homeless suffer from a severe mental illness.
Approximately 1/2 of the homeless are minorities.
Approximately 2/3 of the homeless have a severe drug or alcohol problem.
What percentage of psychiatric inpatient admissions are readmission of former patients?
approximately 1%
less than 15%
over 66%
approximately 95%
Taken as a whole, the results from studies investigating mental illness among the homeless indicate that, compared to the non-homeless, homeless people are
less likely to suffer from mental health problems or substance abuse problems.
equally likely to suffer from mental health problems.
more likely to suffer from mental health problems.
less likely to suffer from mental health problems, but more likely to exhibit substance abuse problems.
The different approaches to psychotherapy
overlap so much that there is little basis for differentiating one from another.
have developed due to tension between competing theories.
are all equally appropriate for all kinds of psychological problems.
can be used interchangeably for the majority of psychological disorders.
Today, there are many alternative approaches to treatment, including client-centered therapy, cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, and biomedical therapies. This wide range of alternatives illustrates that
behavior is determined by multiple causes.
psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context.
psychology is theoretically diverse.
heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
Most experts believe that for certain types of psychological problems, some treatment approaches are more effective than others. Martin Seligman asserts that panic disorders respond BEST to
systematic desensitization.
cognitive therapy.
behavior therapy or medication.
group therapy.
Placebo effects occur when
people’s expectations lead them to experience some change, even though they receive a fake or ineffective treatment.
people recover from a mental or physical illness without any form of intervention.
people who originally score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls closer to the average.
people who originally score near the average on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls at the extreme high or low end of the scale.
Regression toward the mean occurs when
people’s expectations lead them to experience some change, even though they receive a fake or ineffective treatment.
people who originally score extremely high or low on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls closer to the average.
people recover from a mental or physical illness without any form of intervention.
people who originally score near the average on some trait are measured a second time, and their new score falls at the extreme high or low end of the scale.
Consistent with the phenomenon of regression toward the mean, you would expect that the person who receives the highest grade in the class on the first psychology exam
will get the highest grade in the class on their first economics exam.
will get the highest grade in the class on the second psychology exam.
will get a high grade, but probably not the highest, on the second psychology exam.
will get a below average grade on the second psychology exam.
A classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat an individual suffering from a spider phobia is ____, while a classical conditioning-based behavior therapy designed to treat alcohol abuse is ____.
aversion therapy; systematic desensitization
systematic desensitization; aversion therapy
extinction; punishment
punishment; extinction
The techniques of modeling and behavioral rehearsal are employed in BOTH
aversion therapy and systematic desensitization.
social skills training and cognitive therapy.
social skills training and systematic desensitization.
aversion therapy and cognitive therapy.
Different approaches to psychotherapy are designed to accomplish different outcomes. Which of the following correctly lists three types of therapy that are designed to change the thinking, change the physiological functioning, and change the knowledge of unconscious conflicts of a client, respectively?
group therapy, drug therapy, social skills training
cognitive therapy, drug therapy, psychoanalysis
cognitive therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, client-centered therapy
client-centered therapy, aversion therapy, psychoanalysis
Freud is to unconscious conflicts as Rogers is to
catharsis.
maladaptive habits.
incongruence.
clarification.
Cognitive therapy is to negative thinking as drug therapy is to
ECT.
incongruence.
maladaptive learning.
abnormal neurotransmitter activity.
Which of the following therapies is MOST likely to see the symptom as the problem?
psychoanalysis
client-centered therapy
behavior therapy
cognitive therapy
