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WorksheetsGeria Week 3 pt 1
Total questions: 104
Worksheet time: 3hrs 28mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Aging is best described as:
a)
The manifestation of biological events that occur over time
b)
Only the passage of time in a linear world
c)
A sudden onset of decline passing the reproductive age
d)
A disease condition or onset of illness
2.
Which statement is TRUE about aging?
a)
People age differently, with gradual changes being common
b)
Everyone ages at the same rate at the same time
c)
Sudden changes are normal signs of aging
d)
All aging changes cause disability or cormorbidity
3.
Sudden and dramatic physiologic changes in older adults usually indicate:
a)
A serious health problem
b)
A normal part of aging
c)
A positive adaptation
d)
Improved homeostasis
4.
The speed of aging:
a)
Varies from person to person
b)
Is the same for all individuals
c)
Is determined only by environment
d)
Stops after age 65
5.
Which structural change causes skin to become thinner and less elastic with age?
a)
Decrease in collagen, increase in elastin
b)
Increase in collagen, decrease in elastin
c)
Thickening of the dermis
d)
Increase in subcutaneous fat
6.
Collagen in the skin primarily provides:
a)
Rigidity and strength
b)
Elasticity
c)
Pigmentation
d)
Sweat gland activity
7.
Elastin fibers in the skin are responsible for:
a)
Stretching and flexibility
b)
Blood flow
c)
Pigmentation and different tones
d)
Oil production, such as sebum
8.
What happens to the dermis as people age?
a)
Becomes thinner and avascular
b)
Becomes thicker and more vascular
c)
Develops more oil glands
d)
Increases sweat gland function
9.
Age spots, also called "liver spots," result from:
a)
Clustering of melanocytes (hyperpigmentation)
b)
Oil glands become enlarged (Sebaceous Hyperplasia)
c)
Decrease in elastin
d)
Thinning of the dermis
10.
Older adults’ skin becomes dry and fragile mainly due to:
a)
Decreased oil production and moisturization
b)
Increased oil gland activity
c)
Excess sweat gland activity
d)
Thicker epidermis
11.
Decreased sweat gland function leads to:
a)
Decreased perspiration
b)
Increased tanning ability
c)
Faster wound healing
d)
More effective temperature regulation
12.
Older adults tan more slowly because of:
a)
Decreased melanocytes and melanin formation
b)
Increased dermal blood flow
c)
Increased elastin
d)
More sebaceous activity
13.
Why do older adults have impaired body temperature regulation?
a)
Decrease in subcutaneous fat, reducing insulation
b)
Increase in subcutaneous fat, reducing insulation
c)
Increased vascularity of the dermis
d)
Decreased vascularity of the dermis
14.
Slower wound healing in older adults is caused by:
a)
Decreased capillary blood flow
b)
Increased vascular supply
c)
Decrease in melanin production
d)
Increased sweat gland activity
15.
Senile purpura refers to:
a)
Easy bruising due to fragile blood vessels in old age
b)
Loss of melanin causing gray hair
c)
Decline in sebaceous gland activity and function
d)
Hyperpigmentation of the skin
16.
Which statement about senile purpura is TRUE?
a)
Develops as blood vessels become fragile with age
b)
Caused by increased dermal collagen
c)
Results from increased oil production
d)
Seen only in younger adults just before reaching old age
17.
Scalp, pubic, and axillary hair changes in aging include:
a)
Thinning and graying due to melanin loss
b)
Becoming thicker and darker due to melanin loss
c)
Growing faster because of reduced external stress
d)
Remaining unchanged
18.
By age 50, many white men typically show:
a)
Some degree of baldness
b)
Complete baldness
c)
No change in hair
d)
Increased scalp hair growth
19.
Approximately half of all older adults experience:
a)
Gray hair
b)
Hair thickening
c)
Faster nail growth
d)
Increased pigmentation
20.
In older men, which hair changes are common?
a)
Thicker hair growth in nose, eyebrows, and ears
b)
Hair thinning in nose and ears
c)
Decreased facial hair
d)
No changes in body hair
21.
In older women, hair changes may include:
a)
Facial hair growth
b)
Decreased facial hair
c)
Faster scalp hair growth
d)
Thickening of pubic hair
22.
Fingernail changes in older adults include:
a)
Slower growth, fragility, brittleness, longitudinal ridges
b)
Faster growth and strength
c)
Increased oiliness
d)
Darker pigmentation
23.
Pain sensation decreases in older adults primarily due to:
a)
Decreased blood flow to nerve endings
b)
Increased elastin in the dermis
c)
Loss of sweat glands
d)
Increase in sebaceous glands
24.
With aging, muscle fibers:
a)
Atrophy and decrease in number
b)
Hypertrophy and increase in number
c)
Remain unchanged
d)
Increase only in men
25.
What gradually replaces muscle tissue with age?
a)
Fibrous tissue
b)
Bone tissue
c)
Adipose tissue
d)
Cartilage
26.
Reduced bone mass and density with aging contributes to:
a)
Brittleness and fracture risk
b)
Increased flexibility
c)
Improved strength
d)
Stronger cartilage formation
27.
Women are especially at risk of reduced bone mass due to:
a)
Estrogen deficiency after menopause
b)
Vitamin A excess
c)
Testosterone deficiency after menarche
d)
High levels of growth hormone
28.
The age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function is called:
a)
Sarcopenia
b)
Osteopenia
c)
Osteomalacia
d)
Six Eyes
29.
Which factor most worsens sarcopenia in older adults?
a)
Physical inactivity
b)
High calcium intake
c)
Adequate protein intake
d)
Adequate vitamin D
30.
Decreased joint mobility in aging is mainly due to:
a)
Cartilage deterioration and spur formation
b)
More synovial fluid production
c)
Thicker ligaments and connective tissue
d)
Stronger tendons
31.
Shrinking and hardening of tendons in older adults cause:
a)
Decreased tendon jerks
b)
Increased reflexes
c)
Hyperreflexia in abdomen
d)
Faster muscle repair
32.
In older adults, reflexes are:
a)
All of the above
b)
Diminished in arms
c)
Maintained in knees
d)
Nearly totally lost in abdomen
33.
Muscle tremors in aging may be linked to degeneration of:
a)
Extrapyramidal system
b)
Spinal cord
c)
Autonomic nervous system
d)
Sensory cortex
34.
Diminished calcium absorption in older people is influenced by:
a)
Increased parathyroid hormone, decreased vitamin D and calcitonin
b)
Increased vitamin D
c)
Increased calcitonin
d)
High estrogen levels
35.
Prolonged vitamin D deficiency in older adults may cause:
a)
Osteomalacia
b)
Osteoporosis
c)
Arthritis
d)
Kyphosis only
36.
Vitamin D plays an important role in regulating:
a)
Calcium and phosphate
b)
Iron and sodium
c)
Collagen and elastin
d)
Glucose and insulin
37.
Shortening of vertebrae and thinning of disks with aging leads to:
a)
Decreased height and kyphosis
b)
Increased flexibility
c)
Taller height
d)
Reduced bone fragility
38.
Septal deviation in aging can result from:
a)
Relaxation of connective tissue at the lower septum
b)
Chronic asthma due to aging
c)
Excess cartilage growth and bone loss
d)
Hyperelastic nasal passages
39.
Reduced submucosal gland secretions cause:
a)
Thicker mucus secretions and nasal stuffiness
b)
Increased mucus clearance
c)
Improved nasal hydration
d)
More efficient immune defense
40.
Which reflex decreases with age, leading to less effective airway clearance?
a)
Cough and laryngeal reflexes
b)
Gag reflex
c)
Blink reflex
d)
Pupillary reflex
41.
Decrease secretions of submucosal glands causes:
a)
Reduced ability to dilute mucus secretions causing nasal stuffiness
b)
Increased parathyroid hormone, decreased vitamin D and calcitonin
c)
Decreased blood flow to nerve endings
d)
None of the above
42.
A common nighttime breathing change in older adults is:
a)
Mouth breathing and snoring during sleep
b)
Frequent apnea only
c)
Faster respiratory rate due to shallow breathing
d)
Increased oxygen exchange
43.
Calcification of costal cartilage in older adults causes:
a)
Rigid rib cage and decreased lung expansion
b)
Stronger chest wall muscles
c)
Softer trachea
d)
Decreased lung expansion
44.
An increased anteroposterior chest diameter in older adults is often associated with:
a)
Kyphosis
b)
Lordosis
c)
Osteoporosis
d)
Arthritis
45.
Weak thoracic muscles in aging result in:
a)
Shortness of breath
b)
Hyperventilation
c)
Improved lung capacity
d)
Better inspiratory force
46.
Gas exchange declines in older adults because:
a)
Decreased gas exchange and diffusing capacity
b)
Increased alveolar surface
c)
Stronger lung recoil
d)
More active cilia
47.
Lungs in older adults become:
a)
Smaller, lighter, less firm, less elastic
b)
Larger, firmer, more elastic
c)
Heavier with more recoil due to increased fluid retention
d)
Denser with more alveoli to help with breathing problems
48.
Reduced cilia activity in older adults leads to:
a)
Difficulty expelling mucus and debris, trapping bacteria
b)
Stronger mucus clearance, expelling bacteria easier
c)
Lower infection risk due to bacteria having less surface to stick on
d)
Passive diffusion beomes easier due to easier gas exchange
49.
The number of alveoli in older adults:
a)
Decreases, reducing respiratory efficiency
b)
Increases, enhancing respiratory activity
c)
Remains unchanged
d)
Doubles after ages 65 to 70
50.
What is the basic unit of respiration?
a)
Alveoli
b)
Lungs
c)
Trachea
d)
Oxygen
51.
Heart size in normal aging:
a)
Remains unchanged
b)
Always enlarges with age
c)
Becomes significantly smaller
d)
Doubles in size
52.
What happens when heart increases/decreases in size?
a)
Changes suggests disease
b)
A normal part of aging
c)
Size decrease suggest proper heart function
d)
None of the above
53.
A slight left ventricular hypertrophy with age is considered:
a)
A normal age-related change
b)
Pathological in all cases
c)
Unrelated to aging
d)
A result of decreased preload
54.
Dilation and elongation of the aorta in aging increases the risk of:
a)
Aneurysm
b)
Coronary artery disease
c)
Arrhythmia
d)
Myocardial infarction
55.
What causes thickening and rigidity of atrioventricular valves in aging?
a)
Sclerosis and fibrosis
b)
Increased elastin
c)
Hypertrophy of cardiac muscle
d)
Increased coronary perfusion
56.
Incomplete valve closure in older adults often leads to:
a)
Systolic and diastolic murmurs
b)
Tachycardia
c)
Arrhythmias
d)
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
57.
Reduced cardiac output during stress in older adults is due to:
a)
Decreased efficiency and strength of heart muscle
b)
Increased cardiac contractility
c)
Increased preload and afterload
d)
Enhanced coronary artery circulation
58.
Heart rate in older adults generally becomes:
a)
Slower
b)
Faster
c)
Unchanged
d)
Irregular only
59.
Coronary artery blood flow in older adults is:
a)
Impaired
b)
Unchanged
c)
Enhanced
d)
Doubled
60.
A common vascular change with aging is:
a)
Increased atherosclerotic plaques and higher blood pressure
b)
Hypotension in all individuals
c)
Complete prevention of aneurysm
d)
Decreased afterload
61.
Decreased salivary secretions in aging lead to:
a)
Dry mouth, loss of taste, poor oral hygiene
b)
Stronger taste sensations
c)
Better oral hygiene
d)
Increased appetite
62.
The primary cause of tooth loss in older adults is:
a)
Periodontal disease
b)
Vitamin D deficiency
c)
Loss of calcium intake only
d)
Gingival hyperplasia
63.
Loss of smell and taste in aging can result in:
a)
Decreased appetite and reduced food desire
b)
Better digestion
c)
Stronger appetite and increased food desire
d)
Faster chewing
64.
Slowing of peristaltic action most commonly causes:
a)
Constipation
b)
Diarrhea
c)
Increased motility
d)
Weight gain
65.
Weakening of the lower esophageal sphincter predisposes older adults to:
a)
Reflux and difficulty swallowing
b)
Gastric ulcers only
c)
Better digestion
d)
Stronger peristalsis
66.
The liver in older adults:
a)
Decreases in size and weight
b)
Increases in size and weight
c)
Remains unchanged
d)
Regenerates more quickly
67.
A major consequence of decreased hepatic cells in aging is:
a)
Diminished ability to metabolize drugs and hormones
b)
Improved drug metabolism
c)
Decreased bile production and absorption of fats
d)
Decreased Alcohol and Medication absorption in the stomach
68.
Neural conduction in older adults is:
a)
Slower
b)
Enhanced
c)
Unchanged
d)
Diminished
69.
The number of brain cells with age generally:
a)
Decreases
b)
Increases
c)
Remains constant
d)
Doubles
70.
Neurotransmitter levels in older adults:
a)
Decrease
b)
Increase
c)
Stay the same
d)
Are unaffected by aging
71.
Axons in aging nerves:
a)
Decrease in cells and conduction ability
b)
Increase in number
c)
Axons and brain cells do not diminish/reproduce
d)
Become thicker
72.
A common memory change in aging is:
a)
Decline in memory for recent events
b)
Severe long-term memory loss such as dementia
c)
No effect on memory
d)
Total memory loss
73.
Which stage of sleep decreases with age?
a)
REM sleep
b)
Stage 2 NREM
c)
Stage 1 NREM
d)
All stages remain the same
74.
A decrease in REM sleep often leads to:
a)
Restful sleep
b)
Disturbed or lighter sleep
c)
Increase in what doctors call "good sleep"
d)
Enhanced dreaming such as lucid dreams
75.
Cerebral circulation in aging is generally:
a)
Decreased
b)
Increased
c)
Unchanged
d)
Doubled
76.
Stage 3 of NREM sleep is important because it:
a)
Repairs injuries and reinforces the immune system
b)
Promotes dreaming or in some instances lucid dreaming
c)
Increases appetite in the morning resulting in stronger nutrition
d)
Reduces cormorbidity
77.
Without enough Stage 3 NREM sleep, older adults often feel:
a)
Tired and drained
b)
More energetic
c)
More focused
d)
Rested and alert
78.
Stage 3 of NREM sleep is characterized as:
a)
Deepest stage of NREM sleep, hard to wake
b)
Lightest sleep
c)
Dream-filled sleep
d)
Stage with highest neural activity
79.
With aging, the kidneys show:
a)
Loss of nephrons and decreased blood supply
b)
Increase in nephron number
c)
Hypertrophy of renal tissue
d)
Increased glomerular filtration
80.
Less blood filtering through the kidneys leads to:
a)
Reduced efficiency in waste removal
b)
Stronger concentration ability
c)
Increased hormone secretion
d)
Larger renal capacity
81.
Bladder capacity in older adults is:
a)
Decreased
b)
Increased
c)
Decreased
d)
Unchanged
82.
Which bladder function declines with aging?
a)
Concentrating and diluting ability
b)
Residual volume decreases
c)
Sensation of urgency increases immediately
d)
Reflex contraction speed
83.
Delayed sensation to void in older adults may result in:
a)
Urinary retention or incontinence
b)
Increased continence
c)
Improved bladder control
d)
Faster voiding reflex
84.
Relaxed perineal muscles in older women may cause:
a)
Stress incontinence
b)
Stronger urinary flow
c)
Reduced dribbling
d)
Complete retention
85.
In older men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is associated with:
a)
Urinary incontinence (dribbling)
b)
Stronger voiding reflexes
c)
Decreased prostate size
d)
Increased renal clearance
86.
Increased involuntary bladder contractions and residual volume in older adults contribute to:
a)
Development of urinary incontinence
b)
Stronger continence
c)
Improved bladder capacity
d)
Less urgency
87.
Presbyopia refers to:
a)
Diminished ability to focus on close objects
b)
Loss of peripheral vision
c)
Clouding of the cornea
d)
Loss of color vision
88.
A general decline in the ability to see clearly is called:
a)
Decreased visual acuity
b)
Presbycusis
c)
Diplopia
d)
Hyperopia
89.
External changes in the eyes with age include:
a)
Loss of orbital fat, elastic tissue, and muscle tone
b)
Stronger orbital fat and elasticity
c)
Increased corneal curvature
d)
Enlargement of neural retina
90.
Flattening of the cornea with age results in:
a)
Reduced refractory power
b)
Stronger light refraction
c)
Increased accommodation
d)
Greater focusing ability
91.
Older adults’ retina becomes thinner due to:
a)
Fewer neural cells
b)
More neural cells
c)
Increased vascularity
d)
Stronger pigment density
92.
An older adult’s retina receives how much light compared to a younger person?
a)
About one-third
b)
The same amount
c)
Twice as much
d)
None
93.
The lens loses elasticity and density with aging, leading to:
a)
Presbyopia
b)
Myopia
c)
Cataracts only
d)
Strabismus
94.
A common ear change in aging is:
a)
Fewer cerumen glands, producing dry and hard wax
b)
More cerumen gland secretion
c)
Stronger ossicle function
d)
Less itching in the ear canal
95.
Degenerative changes in the ossicles primarily cause:
a)
Hearing loss
b)
Vertigo
c)
Increased sound sensitivity
d)
Earwax buildup
96.
The term used for hearing loss associated with normal aging is:
a)
Presbycusis
b)
Tinnitus
c)
Hyperacusis
d)
Otitis media
97.
With aging, taste perception:
a)
Declines in perception and discrimination
b)
Becomes sharper
c)
Remains unchanged
d)
Improves with smell
98.
The ability to smell with age:
a)
Rarely diminishes, but sometimes decreases
b)
Increases significantly
c)
Always remains intact
d)
Becomes stronger than in youth
99.
Aging affects tactile sensation by:
a)
Reducing receptor number and structural integrity
b)
Increasing the number of touch receptors
c)
Maintaining structural integrity
d)
Improving sensitivity
100.
Reduced tactile sensation makes older adults less able to:
a)
Sense pressure, pain, and differentiate temperature
b)
See color clearly
c)
Hear sounds
d)
Regulate sleep
101.
Normal body temperature in older adults tends to be:
a)
Lower
b)
Higher
c)
The same as young adults
d)
Always unstable
102.
Older adults are less able to respond to cold because of:
a)
Inefficient vasoconstriction and reduced peripheral circulation
b)
Increased subcutaneous fat
c)
Stronger muscle mass
d)
Increased shivering response
103.
Diminished shivering, cardiac output, and muscle mass in aging lead to:
a)
Poor cold tolerance
b)
Heat conservation
c)
Better temperature regulation
d)
Resistance to hypothermia
104.
Older adults are more susceptible to heat stress because of:
a)
Reduced ability to regulate body temperature
b)
Stronger sweat gland function
c)
Increased vascular response
d)
Higher metabolic rate
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