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WorksheetsAP Bio Unit 1 (Chemistry of Life) Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 59mins
Water particles ___________________.
are attracted to each other.
repel against each other.
stick to water striders.
cannot be broken down.
What happens when water turns into ice?
The water becomes a solid.
The water makes a crystal structure.
The water expands when it freezes.
All of the above.
Water striders can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, but they do not break the surface. Why?
The insects are light enough so they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together.
The insect’s feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water’s surface.
The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water’s surface and they only skim it with their feet.
The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next.
In another video experiment, the paper clip is able to float on water because ...
the weight of the paper clip is light enough.
the water molecules bind tightly together to support the weight of the paper clip.
the pull of gravity does not exist in such a small surface area.
this is a magical trick that requires a lot of practice.
Why do water molecules attract each other?
Their shape
Polarity
Electron pair attraction
Molecular structure
The plus end of one—a hydrogen atom—associates with the minus end of another—an oxygen atom.
These attractions are an example of
oxygen bonds
hydrogen bonds
solvent bonds
positive bonds
The unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
Polar covalent bond
Covalent polar bond
Dipolar bond
Lewis bond
Which of the following elements is Not one of the six most common in living organisms?
carbon
oxygen
iron
nitrogen
hydrogen
Potential energy is best described as the
ability to do work
energy of motion of molecules
energy that comes from the sun
energy in the nucleus of an atom
stored energy that is available to do work
During a chemical reaction, the loss of an electron from an atom or molecule is termed
reduction
cellular respiration
kinetics
oxidation
metabolism
What is the fundamental difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
Covalent bonding involves only the outer electron shell; ionic bonding also involves the next inner electron shell.
In a covalent bond, the partners have identical electronegativity; in an ionic bond, one of them is more electronegative.
Covalent bonds form between atoms of the same element; ionic bonds, between atoms of different elements.
In a covalent bond, the partners share a pair of electrons; in an ionic bond, one partner captures an electron from the other.
In covalent bonding, both partners end up with filled outer electron shells; in ionic bonding, one partner does and the other does not.
The correct order for the organization of living things is
cell -> tissue -> organ -> organ system -> organism
cell -> atom -> organ system -> organism -> tissue
cell -> atom -> molecule -> organism -> organ system
tissue -> cell -> organism -> organ -> organ system
a major component of genes and proteins
nitrogen
sulfur
iron
oxygen
major part of photosynthesis and respiration
carbon
hydrogen
sulfur
calcium
is an important part of dna molecules
phosphorus
hydrogen
sulfur
iron
All living things have hundreds of cells.
true
false
Geckos can climb smooth walls and spiders can walk on water. Identify the types of bonds involved that allow both creatures to do these things.
Polar covalent and van der waals
nonpolar covalent and polar covalent
van der waals and hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds
None of the above
What type of bond between water molecules is responsible for giving water special properties, like high cohesion?
ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent bonds
polar covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
This type of bond allows for the sharing of electrons.
Hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds
Covalent bonds
Van der Waal bonds
None of the above
Which water properties account for the movement of water up a tree?
cohesion and adhesion
cohesion and specific heat
adhesion and lower density
adhesion and universal solvent
You are mostly water, but one part of your cells does not mix well with water. This part is the....
salt reserve
ions
DNA
cell membrane
hemoglobin
The image contains examples of which biological macromolecule?
Carbohydrate
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Lipid
About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
carbon, sodium, chlorine, nitrogen
carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen
oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, sodium
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
The ionic bond of sodium chloride is formed when
chlorine gains an electron from sodium.
sodium and chlorine share an electron pair.
sodium and chlorine both lose electrons from their outer valence shells.
sodium gains an electron from chlorine.
What is the difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of protons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of neutrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, and ionic bonds involve the electrical attraction between atoms.
Which of the following results from a transfer of electron(s) between atoms?
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
Which of the following explains most specifically the attraction of water molecules to one another?
nonpolar covalent bond
polar covalent bond
ionic bond
hydrogen bond
A group of molecular biologists is trying to synthesize a new artificial compound to mimic the effects of a known hormone that influences sexual behavior. They have turned to you for advice. Which of the following compounds is most likely to mimic the effects of the hormone?
a compound with the same number of carbon atoms as the hormone
a compound with the same molecular mass (measured in daltons) as the hormone
a compound with the same three-dimensional shape as part of the hormone
The slight negative charge at one end of one water molecule is attracted to the slight positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?
a covalent bond
a hydrogen bond
an ionic bond
a hydrophilic bond
Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are
nonpolar substances that repel water molecules.
nonpolar substances that have an attraction for water molecules.
polar substances that repel water molecules.
polar substances that have an affinity for water.
Which of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions [H+]?
gastric juice at pH 2
vinegar at pH 3
tomato juice at pH 4
Which of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydroxyl ions [OH-]?
lemon juice at pH 2
tomato juice at pH 4
seawater at pH 8
Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?
The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
They are hydrophilic.
They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.
A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?
It should dissolve in water.
It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent.
It wonʹt form hydrogen bonds with water.
Which of the following is not a polymer?
glucose
starch
cellulose
chitin
What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
phosphodiester linkages
hydrolysis
dehydration reactions
Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis.
Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers
Which of the following statements is false for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?
They are soluble in water.
They are an important constituent of cell membranes.
They contain more energy than proteins and carbohydrates.
They are not true polymers.
They contain waxes and steroids.
The molecule shown in the figure is a
polysaccharide.
polypeptide.
saturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the molecule illustrated in the figure?
It is a saturated fatty acid.
A diet rich in this molecule may contribute to atherosclerosis.
Molecules of this type are usually liquid at room temperature.
Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?
They are essential components of cell membranes.
They are steroids, which are not soluble in water.
They are made of fatty acids.
The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
the release of a water molecule.
the release of a carbon dioxide molecule.
the addition of a nitrogen atom.
There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
different carboxyl groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon
different amino groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon
different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha (α) carbon
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in the Figure?
It is a hydrolysis reaction.
It results in a peptide bond.
It joins two fatty acids together.
Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they
are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis.
are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions.
are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers.
Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids.
How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?
101
100
99
98
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
disulfide bonds
phosphodiester bonds
What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?
peptide bonds
hydrogen bonds
disulfide bonds
ionic bonds
The α helix and the β pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure?
primary
secondary
tertirary
The tertiary structure of a protein is the
bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds.
order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits
A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptideʹs specific three-dimensional shape is a (an)
ionic bond.
hydrophobic interaction.
disulfide bond
hydrogen bond.
At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important?
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in a proteinʹs three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds?
hydrolysis
stabilization
denaturation
Which of the following statements about the 5ʹ end of a polynucleotide strand of DNA is correct?
The 5ʹ end has a hydroxyl group (part of the sugar) attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
The 5ʹ end has a phosphate group attached to the number 5 carbon of ribose.
Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to
transmit genetic information to offspring.
function in the synthesis of protein.
make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity.
act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type?
guanine and adenine
cytosine and uracil
thymine and guanine
Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type?
cytosine and guanine
guanine and adenine
adenine and thymine
If a DNA sample were composed of 10% thymine, what would be the percentage of guanine?
10
20
40
80
Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid
DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.
DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides.
In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to
deoxyribose.
ribose.
adenine.
guanine.
If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5ʹATTGCA3ʹ, the other complementary strand would have the sequence
5ʹTAACGT3ʹ.
3ʹTAACGT5ʹ.
5ʹUAACGU3ʹ.
5ʹUGCAAU3ʹ
What is the structural feature that allows DNA to replicate?
sugar-phosphate backbone
complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases
disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes
The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except
proteins.
nucleic acids.
amino acids.
DNA.
monosaccharides.
Which of the following is a diverse group of hydrophobic molecules?
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
Enzymes are
carbohydrates.
lipids.
proteins.
nucleic acids.
Which term includes all others in the list?
monosaccharide
disaccharide
starch
carbohydrate
polysaccharide
