A mother comes to the health center with her one-year-old daughter, Raissa. She is concerned about the increasing brown spots on her daughter's body, along with the appearance of small brown spots in the armpit area. The mother is worried because none of the family members have had a similar condition. What are the possible mechanisms causing this condition in Raissa despite no previous family history?

Line parasternalis

What is the name of the condition observed in the newborn?

What is the sign in the above case?

If the doctor plans to perform a thick blood smear, what will be sought?

The anamnesis in children differs from that in adults in which aspect?

How soon following a positive malnutrition screening should a patient receive a nutrition assessment?

What data is needed to estimate fluid loss in a child with diarrhea?

The DNA sequence repeat - GATA shown in the three sample examples above can be used in DNA Fingerprinting technology. What is this type of DNA repeat known as?

Mr. Harun, 50 years old, experienced an acute myocardial infarction despite having received clopidogrel to prevent thrombus formation. Upon examination, the level of clopidogrel in the serum was found to be lower. If the doctor suspects polymorphism, which gene should be examined?

A 35-year-old man came in with complaints of generalized seizures lasting 5-10 minutes since 1 hour ago. Before the seizure, the patient complained of stiffness and cramps in the neck, tingling in both legs, and twitching in both cheeks. The patient has a history of total thyroidectomy 1 year ago and has since been diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. The physical examination of the face related to the patient's clinical condition is?

The main symptom that occurs in cases of hypoxia is....

A child is brought to your practice because of a fever. To search for and rule out a diagnosis, you will conduct an anamnesis. The important anamnesis techniques are as follows:

A 20-year-old man comes to the doctor's practice with complaints of weight loss accompanied by a lump in the upper left abdomen. Physical examination shows vital signs within normal limits, weight 45 kg, height 167 cm, spleen palpable S.lV. Which statement below can confirm the lump from the abdominal examination?

A 45-year-old man enters the emergency room with complaints of anxiety, severe shortness of breath accompanied by cough for the past 4 hours. The examining doctor diagnosed him with acute pulmonary edema. What are the symptoms of cough that occur in this case?

Anto, 45 years old, a private employee with a weight of 90 kg has been diagnosed by a doctor with type II DM for 1 year. What is the possible agent of Anto's disease?

A 34-year-old woman is brought to the emergency room with complaints of decreased consciousness for the past hour, accompanied by severe abdominal pain for the past day. The patient is known to have not menstruated for the past 2 months. Physical examination found bruising and edema in the umbilical area. What clinical signs might be found on abdominal examination in this case?

There are several terms as guidelines for the limits of the amount of nutrients needed by the body. The amount of nutrients that meets the needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals in specific conditions based on age, sex, life stage, and certain physiological conditions is known as...

In general, there are three main functions of antibodies, namely precipitin, antitoxin, and lysin. The function of precipitin is to slow down the movement of virus cells or other pathogenic microorganisms so that they are more easily captured by the immune system through phagocytosis. The antigen-antibody reaction related to the function of precipitin for insoluble antigens is...

A child is brought by his mother with a suspected case of dengue fever. You are currently interviewing the mother further to find data on the possibility of transmission. The data that you should obtain is:

What is the APGAR score at the fifth minute for the baby?

What is the anterior axillary line?

What important data should be asked from the mother to investigate the possible cause of the congenital disorder?

According to the guidelines, how should nutrition be fulfilled?

If the mother is pregnant, what is the percentage chance that the fetus will have the same condition as Raissa?

What physical finding can you identify as a characteristic of Fragile X Syndrome?

A couple brings their 2-year-old child, Niall, who is still crawling and tends to walk on tiptoes. What is the most accurate preliminary diagnosis for this case?

A doctor must become a behavior consultant for their patient. What does behavior consultant mean in the context of anamnesis?

Linea midsternalis

In the case of Mr. Harun, it is known that at base sequence 636 there is a polymorphism substitution of Alanine (A) to Guanine (G), with the DNA sequence GACTTGTTTTCAATTGCGCTTAATT. If to determine the polymorphism using the RFLP method, which restriction enzyme can recognize the polymorphism?

Which of the following types of older adult patients should receive a malnutrition screening?

A 20-year-old woman comes with complaints of abdominal pain all over for the past day, accompanied by continuous fever for the past 10 days and vomiting. Upon examination, the abdomen is found to be distended, bowel sounds decreased, and when pressing the abdominal wall and then suddenly releasing, the patient feels pain. What is the clinical condition of the above case?

In a convex abdomen, bowel sounds decrease and when pressing the abdominal wall and suddenly releasing, the patient feels pain. What is the clinical condition of the above case?

What is the midclavicular line?

A 25-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining that her face is asymmetrical on the right and left. The left side of her face appears higher and the right eyelid does not close completely. Vital signs are within normal limits. What is the clinical sign of the abnormality in the eye?

A 55-year-old married male farmer comes to the emergency department with complaints of a dry cough for 3 months, decreased appetite, and inability to work. The patient always appears gloomy after he can no longer work. Six hours before entering the hospital, he complained of coughing up blood accompanied by high fever. Five years ago, the patient had taken anti-tuberculosis medication for 1 month and then stopped because he felt better. The patient has been hospitalized several times in the last 2 years due to shortness of breath. He has seven unmarried children. What is the framework of the medical history in this case?

If you, as a general practitioner, find clinical findings like in the two photos below on a 2-year-old child, what is the possible diagnosis for this patient?

The organ that most determines the survival of a patient experiencing an emergency case is...

Which of the following is the last 'hit' of multistep carcinogenesis that ultimately causes malignant tumors in the colon of the patient?

In cases of trauma, which cause of death occurs the fastest?

The following substance can inhibit oxidative processes within the cell...

Based on what does the on-call doctor make a diagnosis in this case?

A 25-year-old woman comes to the emergency department with complaints of weakness for the past month accompanied by shortness of breath. For the past 6 months, the patient has frequently experienced intermittent fever, joint pain, and easy fatigue. Physical examination reveals blood pressure 160/90 mmHg, pulse rate 90x/min, respiratory rate 24x/min, temperature 38°C, malar rash, pale conjunctiva, jaundiced sclera, splenomegaly, and left heart border enlargement. The patient must be referred to a referral hospital because she needs supporting examinations to determine the cause. The importance of supporting examinations in this case is...

Morphologically, the structure of antibodies consists of a variable region and a constant region. The characteristic of the variable region is...

One of the current therapeutic approaches based on nutritional genomics. This branch of science believes in individual differences. Nutritional genomics studies the interaction between...

What is the difference at the individual level according to nutritional genomics?

A 66-year-old man comes to the emergency department with complaints of weakness and further alloanamnesis with the patient's child states that the patient has experienced watery stools more than 10 times, like rice washing for the past 2 days. What physical examination is most likely found in this patient who is experiencing severe dehydration?

DNA fingerprinting technology utilizes short repeating DNA sequences found inside or outside genes called:

In general, there are two functions of antigens, namely as immunogens and as haptens. If someone experiences an allergic reaction due to food, the source of food that causes the allergic reaction is usually the nutritional content...

A man with Achondroplasia comes to consult with you as his family doctor. The man states that he will marry next month. However, he is worried about the possibility of having a child who also suffers from achondroplasia like himself. What is the probability that the man will have a child who also suffers from achondroplasia like himself?

Which of the following is not a recommended type of data to inform whether a patient is diagnosed as malnourished?

A baby boy, weighing 3000 grams, was born spontaneously to a 17-year-old primigravida mother, at 38 weeks of gestation. The baby cried immediately after birth, with an APGAR score of 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. At one day old, the baby was referred by the midwife due to complaints of stools accompanied by a little fresh blood. From the midwife's information at birth, a rectal temperature examination was performed. On physical examination, the baby appeared active and cried strongly. The abdomen appeared slightly distended. Around the anus, redness was found. What is the possible diagnosis for this baby?