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DNA, Cell Cycle, Mitosis & enzymes CW

Total questions: 80

Worksheet time: 1hrs 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What are the nucleotides made of?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
c)
Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
d)
Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine
2.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
3.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
4.

In eukaryotes, which organelle is DNA usually found in?

a)

cell membrane

b)

vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

nucleus

5.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
6.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
7.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
8.
X outlines a(n) ___________.
a)
amino acid
b)
nitrogen base 
c)
nucleotide
d)
nitrogen base pair
9.
If a DNA molecule consists of 29% Guanine, how much cytosine will it contain?
a)
29%
b)
58%
c)
21%
d)
I have no idea.
10.

Label the picture in order:

a)

phosphate ; sugar ; base

b)

phosphate ; base ; sugar

c)

base ; sugar ; phosphate

d)

base ; phosphate ; sugar

11.
Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.) 
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
12.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
13.

If a DNA sequence it GAATGCCT, what are the matching base pairs?

a)

ACGTACCTG

b)

AEIOU and sometimes Y

c)

CTTACGGA

d)

GCCTATGC

14.
What will the matching sequence be on a strand that reads AAGCTAT?
a)
AACGATA
b)
TTCGTTA
c)
CCTGATA
d)
TTCGATA
15.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Metaphase
16.

A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram. Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Phosphate group

c)

Hydrogen bond

d)

Deoxyribose

17.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
18.
a)

Prophase

b)

Anaphase

c)

Telophase

d)

Interphase

19.

Which of the following is correct about the events of the cell cycle?

a)

Little happens during the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle.

b)

DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase.

c)

Mitosis is usually the longest phase of the cell cycle when the cell is growing.

d)

Interphase consists of G1, S, G2 phase and mitosis

20.

The diagram shows the major stages of the cell cycle and the percentage of time spent in each phase.

Which statement best describes why a cell spends the majority of its time in interphase?

a)

The cell is growing and carrying out processes such as metabolism and DNA replication.

b)

The cell is aging and processes are stopping as lysosomes clear dead cell matter away.

c)

The cell needs time to synthesize spindle fibers to complete mitosis

d)

The cell needs time to complete cytokinesis.

21.
In 1952 Rosalind Franklin took the x-ray photograph shown below, which gave the world its first look at DNA.
By studying this photograph, scientists gained knowledge about the -
a)
role of DNA in protein synthesis
b)
mutation of nucleotide sequences in DNA
c)
sequence of DNA that makes up the human genome
d)
double-helix structure of DNA
22.
A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
a)
As a sequence of nucleotides
b)
In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
c)
In the ratio of adenines to thymines
d)
As a pattern of phosphates and sugars
23.
A student builds a model of a DNA strand.
a)

A: View the image

b)

B: View the image

c)

C: View the image

d)

D: View the image

24.
A model of a DNA molecule is shown below.
The arrow indicates -
a)
the bond between adjacent phosphate and deoxyribose molecules
b)
the junction of introns and exons in the sense strand of DNA
c)
the hydrogen bond between complementary nucleotides
d)
the junction of a codon and a DNA triplet
25.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
26.

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle. What do the two arrows represent?

a)

Arrow 1 represents prophase, and Arrow 2 represents interphase.

b)

Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represents meiosis.

c)

Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

d)

Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

27.

Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study.


Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?

a)

An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active

b)

An enzyme’s rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive

c)

An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions

d)

An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells

28.
How do enzymes control chemical reactions in the body?
a)
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions.
b)
Enzymes slow down chemical reactions.
c)
Enzymes increase the activation energy of a reaction.
d)
Enzymes inhibit the catalysts of a reaction.
29.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Interphase
30.

Match each definition to the correct vocabulary word.

a)

a stage in the cell cycle when the cell checks for damaged DNA

1.

checkpoint

b)

the process a cell uses to split into 2 cells

2.

cell division

c)

division of a cell's nucleus

3.

mitosis

d)

structure made of proteins and DNA that keeps DNA organized

4.

chromosome

31.

Match the picture to the stage of mitosis.

a)

1.

prophase

b)

2.

metaphase

c)

3.

anaphase

d)

4.

telophase

e)

5.

cytokinesis

32.

Which hotspots show stages of interphase? Choose two.

A
B
C
33.

uncontrolled cell growth leads to

a)

cell death

b)

cancer

c)

disease

34.

What are the four phases of mitosis?

a)

mitosis, S, M, interphase

b)

G1, S, G2, M

c)

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

35.

Put the cells in the correct order

a)

B  -  C  -  E  -  D  -  A

b)

C  -  A  -  D  -  E  -  B

c)

B  -  E  -  D  -  A  -  C

36.
a)

prophase

b)

interphase

c)

metaphase

37.
Put the following actions in order: DNA replicates, cell grows, cell divides, cell prepares for mitosis. 
a)
DNA replicates, cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
b)
cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, DNA replicates, cell divides
c)
cell grows, DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
d)
DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell grows, cell divides
38.

In the diagram, what is letter A?

a)

product

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

substrate

d)

active site

39.

Letter C...

a)

products

b)

substrate

c)

enzymes

d)

active site

40.

Letter D...

a)

enzyme

b)

active site

c)

substrate

d)

products

41.

An enzyme speeds up a reaction by

a)

raising the activation energy

b)

lowering the activation energy

c)

releasing energy

d)

absorbing energy.

42.

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?

a)

Activation energy is lowered

b)

It becomes stronger

c)

It loses its shape

d)

Activation energy is raised

43.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
44.
Based on the graph, what temperature does this enzyme work best? 
a)
15 C
b)
40 C
c)
30 C
d)
47 C
45.
Enzymes will make a reaction go _______ and use ______ energy.
a)
faster, less
b)
faster, more
c)
slower, less
d)
slower, more
46.
The graph shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
pepsin works best at a pH near 2
b)
pepsin works best at a pH of 9
47.
What is the purpose  of an enzyme?
a)
give permission for the reaction
b)
raise activation energy
c)
speed up reactions
d)
control how many reactions occur
48.
What is structure A?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
49.
What is structure D?
a)
Substrate
b)
Active site
c)
Enzyme
d)
Products
50.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
51.
a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

52.

The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Enzyme Reaction Rates Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

a)

Temperature of 27°C and a pH of 4

b)

Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6

c)

Temperature of 40°C and a pH of 8

d)

Temperature of 50°C and a pH of 10

53.

Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

a)

A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.

b)

The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells.

c)

The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.

d)

A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.

54.

a)

F

b)

G

c)

H

d)

J

55.

a)

F

b)

G

c)

H

d)

J

56.

The diagram shows cells in different phases of mitosis. A student is trying to find a cell in a particular phase of mitosis. The student is looking for evidence that spindle fibers are separating the chromosomes to ensure that each new nucleus has one copy of each chromosome. (View Image)


Which cell is in the phase of mitosis that the student is searching for?

a)

Cell 1

b)

Cell 2

c)

Cell 3

d)

Cell 4

57.
What process is shown in the diagram?
a)
replication
b)
transcription
c)
mitosis
d)
translation
58.
The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle.
Which part of the model represents the S phase?
a)
I
b)
II
c)
III
d)
IV
59.
The diagram below represents the cell cycle.

When cells leave the cell cycle, they exit during G1 phase and then enter G0 phase, a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G0 phase and are likely to do which of the following?
a)
Fail to complete S phase
b)
Mutate during G1 phase
c)
Repeat the cell cycle continuously
d)
Die after completing mitosis
60.

Does the following process represent DNA Replication?

a)

Yes, because new strands of DNA are being replicated

b)

No, because an RNA strand is being synthesized

c)

Yes, because the DNA is unwinding

d)

No because DNA is not being represented

61.

A nucleotide is composed of

a)

A phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base

b)

A protein, sulfur and Guanine

c)

A phosphate, something and a base

d)

A protein, sugar and nitrogenous base

62.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)

deoxyribose and a base

b)

phosphate and a base

c)

base pairs

d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
63.

What makes up the rungs (steps) of a DNA ladder?

a)

sugars & phosphates

b)

nitrogen bases

c)

sugars

d)

genes & chromosomes

64.
What is the significance of the sequence (order) of the Nitrogen Bases in DNA?
a)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the number of chromosomes present in an organism.
b)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the traits that an organism will possess (have).
c)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines the gender of an organism.
d)
The order of the Nitrogen Bases determines whether an organism is abiotic biotic.
65.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
ribose (sugar) and nitrogen bases
b)
ribose (sugar) and phosphate
c)
deoxyribose (sugar) and nitrogen bases
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
66.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
amino acid
d)
protein
67.

Identify the following:

Letter D

a)

nucleotide

b)

phosphate

c)

adenine

d)

deoxyribose sugar

68.

Identify the following:

Letter A

a)

nucleotide

b)

phosphate

c)

adenine

d)

deoxyribose sugar

69.

Identify the following:

The type of bonds that connect adenine to thymine

a)

ionic bonds

b)

covalent bonds

c)

hydrogen bonds

d)

nucleic acid bonds

70.

Identify letter B in the image.

a)

nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

gene

d)

chromosome

71.

Identify letter C in the image.

a)

nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

gene

d)

chromosome

72.

Identify letter D in the image.

a)

nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

gene

d)

chromosome

73.

A segment of DNA is shown in the diagram. Which of these identifies the part of the DNA segment labeled X?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Phosphate group

c)

Hydrogen bond

d)

Deoxyribose

74.
the process of making a copy of DNA
a)
transcription
b)
double helix
c)
DNA replication
d)
replication fork
75.

A model of DNA is shown. Which part of the DNA model is most directly associated with the coding of genetic information?

a)

b)

c)

d)

76.

Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?

a)

b)

c)

d)

77.

A segment of a DNA strand is shown.
3’ AGGTCAGGT 5’
Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?

a)

5’ AGGTCAGGT 3’

b)

5’ ACCUGAGGU 3’

c)

5’ TGGACTGGA 3

d)

5’ TCCAGTCCA 3’

78.

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

a)

The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme.

b)

The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.

c)

The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.

d)

The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.

79.

Eight components present in nucleic acids are listed in the box. Which components bond with adenine in a section of double-stranded DNA?

a)

1, 3, 5, and 6 only

b)

3 and 5 only

c)

2 and 4 only

d)

3, 4, 7, and 8 only

80.
A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
a)
As a sequence of nucleotides
b)
In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome
c)
In the ratio of adenines to thymines
d)
As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

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