Economic development is broader than economic growth because it includes:

GDP measures:

HDI includes:

PQLI is based on:

GDI focuses on:

MPI measures:

Which is a characteristic of developing economies?

Low-level equilibrium trap was proposed by:

Vicious circle of poverty suggests:

Which indicator incorporates income inequality?

Sustainable development aims to:

Which UN body publishes HDI?

Adam Smith advocated:

Ricardo is known for his theory of:

Malthus emphasized the problem of:

Rostow’s first stage of growth is:

Rostow’s final stage of growth:

Harrod-Domar stresses the importance of:

Solow model adds the role of:

Lewis two-sector model describes:

In Lewis model, industrial sector wages are generally:

Balanced growth strategy requires:

Unbalanced growth strategy was advocated by:

The “Big Push” theory emphasizes:

Which theory highlights role of capital accumulation?

Classical growth theories generally emphasize:

Solow model predicts convergence of economies if:

Inward-looking trade strategy means:

Outward-looking trade strategy emphasizes:

Role of international trade in development includes:

Globalization leads to:

FDI is different from FPI because:

A major risk of FPI is:

Which of the following is an example of FDI?

MNCs contribute to development by:

Which organization mainly deals with trade rules?

Policy measures to attract FDI may include:

Poverty can be measured by:

Inequality is measured using:

Disguised unemployment is common in:

Structural unemployment arises due to:

Cyclical unemployment is linked with:

Demographic transition theory connects:

Which stage of demographic transition has high birth and death rates?

Environmental constraint on development includes:

Globalization sometimes increases:

Which of the following is NOT a cause of unemployment in developing countries?

Inclusive growth focuses on:

Climate change mainly impacts development by:

Economic growth is a narrower concept than economic development.

GDP reflects the welfare of citizens.

HDI is calculated by UNDP.

PQLI includes GDP growth rate.

MPI considers multiple poverty dimensions.

Developing countries usually face low productivity and high inequality.

Vicious circle of poverty explains how rich countries dominate trade.

Nelson proposed the low-level equilibrium trap.

GDI highlights gender equality in development.

Sustainable development is concerned only with the environment.

GDP per capita alone is a complete measure of development.

HDI includes health, education, and income.

Poverty traps are obstacles to development.

Adam Smith supported the idea of 'invisible hand.'

Ricardo is famous for the 'law of diminishing returns.'

Malthus argued that population grows geometrically while food grows arithmetically.

Rostow's first stage is 'Age of mass consumption.'

Rostow's final stage is 'Age of mass consumption.'

Harrod-Domar stresses savings and capital-output ratio.

Solow model emphasizes technology as a driver of long-term growth.

Lewis model deals with dual-sector economy.

In Lewis model, labor shifts from agriculture to industry.

Balanced growth means focusing on one sector only.

Hirschman supported unbalanced growth strategy.

The Big Push theory calls for small investments in selected sectors.

Inward-looking trade strategy means import substitution.

Outward-looking strategy means export promotion.

International trade provides foreign exchange and markets.

Globalization reduces economic integration.

FDI involves long-term ownership and control.

FPI is more volatile than FDI.

FDI brings technology transfer.

MNCs can create jobs in host countries.

WTO deals with global environmental protection.

IMF mainly provides short-term financial support.

World Bank provides long-term development finance.

FDI and FPI are the same type of investment.

A disadvantage of FPI is sudden capital outflow.

Poverty is always measured by income levels only.

MPI is one way to measure poverty.

Inequality can be measured with the Gini coefficient.

Disguised unemployment is common in agriculture.

Cyclical unemployment occurs due to business cycles.

Structural unemployment occurs due to skill mismatch.

Demographic transition theory connects population with development.

First stage of demographic transition has high birth and death rates.

Environmental constraints like climate change affect development.

Globalization always benefits all equally.

Inclusive growth means growth that includes poor and disadvantaged.

Climate change has no impact on agriculture.