An external force acting on tissues that causes internal reactions within the tissues.

The relative ability of a tissue to resist a particular load.

The internal resistance of the tissues to an external load.

The extent of the deformation of tissue when it is loaded.

The internal strain placed on tissues from stress.

A property that allows a tissue to return to normal following deformation.

When tissue is deformed to the extent that it is no longer reacts elastically.

The deformation in the shape and/or properties of a tissue that occurs with the application of a constant load over time.

When the ability of the tissue to withstand stress and strain is exceeded, and an injury occurs.

External loads applied toward one another on opposite surfaces in opposite directions that shortens or widens a structure.

The force that pulls or stretches tissue that pulls a structure apart.

Equal but not directly opposite loads are applied to opposing surfaces, forcing those surfaces to move in parallel directions relative to another that exceeds the inherent strength of the tissue, causing injury.

When 2 force pairs act at opposite ends of a structure (4 points of contact). When 3 forces cause bending or when an already bowed structue is axially loaded.

Loads caused by twisting in opposite directions from the opposite ends of a structure cause shear stress over the entire cross section of that structure.

A muscle or tendon is overstretched by tension or forced to contract against too much resistance, separation or tearing of muscle fibers occur.

Extremely painful involuntary muscle contractions that occur most commonly in the calf, hamstrings, quadriceps, or abdomen.

Following injury, the muscles that surround the injured area contract to, in effect, splint that area, thus minimizing pain by limiting movement.

An involuntary muscle contraction that results in increased tension and shorting of that muscle or a group of muscles which interferes with voluntary movement.

Overexertion in strenuous muscular exercise often results in muscular pain.

A muscle spasm with alternating involuntary muscular contraction and relaxation in quick succession.

A muscle spasm with a rigid muscle contraction that lasts a period of time.

A pathological condition of a tendon with a complaint of pain and swelling.

Inflammation of the tendon.

A crackling feeling or sound when you move a joint in the body.

When you have microtears or degeneration of your tendon.

Inflammation of the synovial sheath around a tendon.

A discreet, hypersensitive nodule within a taut band of skeletal muscle or fascia.

A fancy word for a bruise.

Minor bleeding that results in bluish-purple discoloration of the skin that persists for several days.

When a contusion continues to be bruised before it is healed and the body creates calcium deposits (bone) in the injured area to protect itself.

The wasting away of muscle tissue.

An abnormal shortening of muscle tissue in which there is a great deal of resistance to passive stretch.

Joint that are composed of two or more bones that articulate with one another to allow motion in one or more planes.

An overstretching or tearing of a ligament.

The separation of 2 articulating bones.

When at least one bone within a joint is forced completely out of the joint and must be manually or surgically put back into place or reduced.

A bone comes partially out of its normal articulation but then goes right back into place.

Inflammation of or defects on the boney surfaces within a joint.

Saclike structures with an outer fibrous layer of thin connective tissue lined by synovial membrane that contain a small amount of fluid. 

Inflammation of a bursae sac.

Inflammation of the articular capsule that results in the thickening and formation of excessive scar tissue.

An inflammation of the synovial membrane.

These cells build new bone on the outside of bone.

These cells increase the medullary cavity by breaking down bony tissue.

A fracture where there is little or no movement or displacement of the broken bones.

A fracture with enough displacement that the bones break through the skin.

Fracture that is an incomplete break in a bone that has not completely ossified (Elementary - Middle School aged athletes).

Consists of 3 or more fragments at a fracture site.

A diagonal fracture where one end of the bone receives sudden torsion or twisting while the other end is fixed.

A fracture where a bone splits along the length of the bone.

A fracture where it is a straight line perpendicular to the bone shaft.

A fracture that has an S-shaped separation within the bone.

These fractures occur mostly within flat bones within the skull.

This fracture occurs to the wall of the eye orbit after a hit to the eye.

A fracture where there is a separation of a bone fragment from its cortex at an attachment of a ligament or tendon.

A fracture occurs on the opposite side of the body from where the contact was. You get hit on one side of the head, but the pressure in your head creates a fracture on the other side of the skull.

A fracture where 2 bony fragments have a saw-tooth, sharp-edged fracture line.

Fractures that result from a fall from a large height, causing an axial load to the bones involved. The bone tissue is compressed.

A fracture that occurs from a chronic, daily overload to the bone from overtraining.

Epiphyseal growth plate injury where there is complete separation of the physis in relation to the metaphysis without a fracture to the bone.

Epiphyseal growth plate injury where there is separation of the growth plate and a small portion of the metaphysis.

Epiphyseal growth plate injury where there is a fracture of the physis.

Epiphyseal growth plate injury where there is a fracture of a portion of the physis and metaphysis.

Epiphyseal growth plate injury where there is no displacement of the physis, but the crushing force can cause a growth deformity.

Mildest nerve injury. Caused by compression or mild blows close to the nerve.

The axon is damaged, however, most of the covering connective tissues are still partially or fully intact. Seen in crush and stretch injuries.

A serious injury that involves the crushing of a nerve or complete division (severing).

Inflammation of a nerve that can result from injury, infection, or autoimmune disease.

Symptoms that result from damage to peripheral motor, sensory, or autonomic nerves.

Pain that is felt at a point of the body other than actual origin.