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WorksheetsUnit 3 Test Review
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Match the following descriptions with the correct type of joint.
are common in the skull
Fibrous joints _____.
unite two bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Cartilaginous joints _____.
allow the most movement between bones
Synovial joints _____.
have a synovial membrane/capsule
Synovial joints _____.
Match each component with its correct description related to the neuromuscular junction.
T tubules and sarcoplasmic reticulum
Structures involved in excitation-contraction coupling but not directly part of the neuromuscular junction
the sarcolemma and T tubules
Membrane structures that help propagate action potentials into the muscle fiber
an axon and the sarcoplasmic reticulum
One is a nerve fiber, the other is an organelle storing calcium in muscle cells
an axon terminal and a motor end plate
The two main structures that form the neuromuscular junction
Match each muscle-related term with its correct description.
troponin
a regulatory protein involved in muscle contraction
the elastic filament
a spring-like structure that helps muscles return to their original length
the sarcomere
the contractile, or functional, unit of a muscle fiber
the myofilament
a threadlike structure composed of actin or myosin
Match each process with the event it prevents after nervous stimulation stops.
calcium ions returning to the terminal cisternae
Prevents calcium from remaining in the cytosol
the tropomyosin blocking the myosin once full contraction is achieved
Prevents myosin from binding to actin after contraction
the action potential stops going down the overloaded T tubules
Prevents further depolarization of the muscle fiber
acetylcholinesterase breaks apart the ACh
Prevents ACh from continuing to stimulate contraction
Match the following events with their corresponding molecular interactions in muscle contraction.
binding of ATP to myosin crossbridges
Causes myosin heads to detach from actin filaments
binding of calcium ions to troponin
Causes the troponin-tropomyosin complex to expose active sites
binding of Ach to Ach receptors
Initiates depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane
Match each description to the correct term related to motor units.
A group of muscles that perform the same function
Synergist muscles
A single muscle fiber and all the nerves that supply it
Neuromuscular junction of a single fiber
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Motor unit
A collection of neurons in the spinal cord that control movement
Motor neuron pool
Match each description with the correct event in skeletal muscle contraction.
flooding of the sarcoplasm with calcium ions
Occurs when the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ into the muscle fiber
release of acetylcholine from the motor neuron via exocytosis
Neurotransmitter is secreted into the synaptic cleft to initiate muscle contraction
sudden increase in the sarcolemma's permeability to sodium ions
Happens when the muscle cell membrane allows Na+ to enter rapidly
pivoting of the myosin crossbridges after they attach to active sites on thin filaments
Describes the movement of myosin heads pulling actin filaments during contraction
Match each muscle-related term with its correct definition.
a muscle working in opposition to another muscle
Antagonist
the less moveable end of the muscle
Origin
the end of the muscle where the action occurs
Insertion
a group of muscles that work together to cause movement
Synergists
the muscle that does most of the movement
Prime mover
During a marathon, Nora's muscles need to keep working even when her breathing can't supply enough oxygen quickly. Myoglobin in her muscle tissue has a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin. What advantage does this provide to Nora's muscles?
It allows muscles to store oxygen for use during intense activity.
It prevents oxygen from entering muscle cells.
It releases oxygen only when the blood oxygen level is extremely high.
It increases the production of lactic acid during exercise.
Match the following descriptions with the correct function or characteristic of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
stores calcium ions.
Function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in calcium storage
shortens during muscle contraction.
Action of the sarcomere during muscle contraction
transmits nerve impulses to the myofibrils.
Role of the T-tubules in muscle fibers
connects adjacent sarcomeres.
Function of the Z disc in muscle structure
covers the muscle fiber.
Role of the sarcolemma in muscle fibers
Match each protein with its role in muscle contraction or structure.
Troponin
Binds calcium to initiate muscle contraction
Tropomyosin
Directly blocks myosin-binding sites on actin in a resting muscle
Actin
Forms the thin filament and provides binding sites for myosin
Myosin
Forms the thick filament and interacts with actin for contraction
Match the following terms with their correct definitions related to arm movement.
Adduction
Moving the arm toward the midline of the body
Abduction
Moving the arm away from the midline of the body
Rotation
Turning the arm around its long axis
Pronation
Turning the palm downward
Match the following types of muscle contractions with their corresponding behavior of muscle tension and length.
Tension decreases and muscle shortens
Muscle behavior during relaxation
Tension stays constant and muscle shortens
Muscle behavior during isotonic contraction
Tension increases while muscle length remains unchanged
Muscle behavior during isometric contraction
Tension decreases as the muscle shortens
Muscle behavior during fatigue
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions related to the neuromuscular junction.
synaptic cleft
The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber
axon hillock
The region of a neuron where the axon originates
myelin sheath
The insulating layer surrounding some axons
sarcomere
The basic contractile unit of muscle fiber
Match the following types of joints with their correct examples.
gliding joint
Joint between the articular processes of vertebrae
cartilaginous joint
Joint between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
fibrous joint
Suture
synovial joint
Shoulder joint
Match each structural classification of joints with its description regarding movement allowance.
fibrous
Joints that allow no or very little movement (e.g., sutures in the skull)
cartilaginous
Joints that allow limited movement (e.g., intervertebral discs)
synovial
Joints that allow the most movement (e.g., shoulder, knee)
Match each movement with its correct description.
adduction
Moving a limb toward the midline of the body
protraction
Moving a body part forward along a horizontal plane, such as jutting the jaw forward
elevation
Raising a body part upward, such as shrugging the shoulders
pronation
Turning the palm downward or backward
flexion
Decreasing the angle between two body parts, such as bending the elbow
Match each movement with its correct definition.
hyperextension
Movement that increases the angle between two bones beyond the normal range of motion
pronation
Turning the palm downward or backward
flexion
Decreasing the angle between two bones
rotation
Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis
supination
Turning the palm upward or forward
Match each description to the correct feature of a joint.
is a double layer of tissue that encloses a joint.
Joint capsule
is a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint.
Synovial fluid
provides a smooth surface where bones meet.
Articular cartilage
is one layer of tissue that is continuous with the periosteum.
Fibrous membrane
lines the ends of long bones, but not the notch.
Articular cartilage location
Michael is studying different types of joints in his anatomy class. He notices that synovial joints are different from both fibrous and cartilaginous joints. What makes synovial joints unique?
use fibrous connective tissue to hold the bones in the joint together.
are enclosed by a joint capsule.
are only temporary; they are replaced in the adult.
generally, have both bones in the joint fused together.
are not freely moveable.
