Worksheets1st NW Exam Review
Total questions: 8
Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins
1-10.
Answer the questions below after watching the video
What are the two main types of cells found on Earth?
Animal and plant cells
Single-celled and multicellular organisms
Red and white cells
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
What allows prokaryotic cells to reproduce quickly and effectively?
Their complex structure
Their large size
Their simple structure
Their multiple nuclei
What does the term 'prokaryote' imply about the cell's structure?
It has multiple nuclei
It exists before the nucleus
It contains a true nucleus
It lacks cytoplasm
What distinguishes the cell wall of prokaryotes?
It surrounds the nucleus
It is absent in most prokaryotes
It is made of cellulose
It consists of complex polysaccharides
Which of the following is NOT a feature of prokaryotic cells?
Lack of a nucleus
Cell wall
Presence of membrane-bound organelles
DNA in the nucleoid region
What is a key characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
They reproduce more quickly than prokaryotic cells
They contain a membrane-bound nucleus
They lack a plasma membrane
They are smaller than prokaryotic cells
Which of the following do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have in common?
Multiple nuclei
DNA as genetic material
Membrane-bound organelles
Linear chromosomes
Which cellular component is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Can eukaryotic cells be multicellular?
Yes, exclusively
No, they are always single-celled
Yes, they can be either single-celled or multicellular
No, they lack the complexity
How is the DNA of prokaryotic cells typically organized?
In several small plasmids
In multiple linear chromosomes
Within a nucleus
As a single, circular chromosome
11-22.
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What does the blue color represent in the virus structure?
Viral enzymes
Genetic material (DNA/RNA)
Protein coat (capsid)
Host cell DNA
What is the role of the protein coat in a virus?
To replicate the viral DNA
To protect the viral genetic material
To integrate the viral DNA into the host's DNA
To produce energy for the virus
How does a virus begin to infect a cell?
By merging with the cell's membrane
By consuming the cell's nutrients
By using fibers to attach and inject its genetic material into the cell
By replicating its DNA inside the cell
How does the virus initially interact with the host cell?
By directly entering the nucleus
By hiding from the cell's immune response
By disrupting the cell's membrane
By binding to the cell's surface
How are new viruses formed in the lytic pathway?
By division of the host cell
By assembly of viral components inside the host cell
By external addition of viral particles
By the host cell's DNA replicating the virus
What is the result of cell lysis in the lytic pathway?
The cell becomes immune to further infections
The cell's DNA is integrated with the virus
The virus becomes dormant
New viruses are released to infect other cells
What happens to the host cell at the end of the lytic cycle?
It splits open, releasing new viruses
It is transformed into a viral factory
It becomes immune to further viral infections
It survives and continues to function
What is the significance of cell lysis in virus propagation?
It repairs the damaged host cell
It signals the end of the viral infection
It helps in the integration of viral DNA into the host's DNA
It releases newly formed viruses to infect other cells
In the lysogenic pathway, what happens to the viral genetic material?
It remains dormant until the cell is under stress
It integrates into the host's DNA
It is immediately used to create new viruses
It destroys the host's DNA
What is the fate of the host cell's DNA in the lysogenic pathway?
It is expelled from the cell
It replicates along with the viral DNA
It remains unaffected by the viral DNA
It is immediately destroyed
During the lysogenic pathway, when does the viral genetic material become active?
When the host cell divides
Immediately after entering the host cell
It can become active after many years
After integrating into the host's DNA
What is the primary difference between the lytic and lysogenic pathways?
How the virus exits the host cell
Integration of viral DNA into the host's genome
The type of cells they infect
The way viral DNA replicates
23-26.
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Which of the following are the four main macromolecules found in cells?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
Sugars, Starches, Fats, DNA
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Monosaccharides, Nucleotides
What elements are carbohydrates composed of, and in what ratio?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen in a 1:1:1 ratio
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphate in a 2:1:1 ratio
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen in a 1:2:1 ratio
What are the main functions of lipids in the body?
Providing quick energy and structural support
Carrying genetic information and transferring hereditary information
Making cell membranes and storing energy
Building and repairing tissues, and transporting substances
What is the primary role of nucleic acids?
Storing energy and forming cell membranes
Providing quick energy for daily activities
Carrying genetic information and transferring hereditary information
Building and repairing muscles
27-34.
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What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Protection and transport
Energy production
DNA storage
Protein synthesis
What are phospholipids made up of?
Nucleic acids
Amino acids
Sugar molecules
Polar heads and non-polar tails
How do phospholipids arrange themselves in the cell membrane?
In a single layer
Tail to tail
Randomly
Head to head
Which molecule helps keep the cell membrane flexible?
Glucose
Hemoglobin
Insulin
Cholesterol
What role do proteins play in the cell membrane?
Store genetic information
Regulate transport
Provide energy
Synthesize vitamins
What can pass through the cell membrane by diffusion?
Sodium and potassium
Water and proteins
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Viruses and bacteria
What is the function of the sodium-potassium pump?
To synthesize proteins
To move sodium and potassium in and out of the cell
To replicate DNA
To produce energy
What is one way the cell membrane communicates with other cells?
By emitting light signals
Through sound waves
Using chemical signals
By physical movement
35-41.
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What is passive transport?
Movement of substances through bulk transport
Movement of substances using ATP
Movement of substances from high to low concentration without using energy
Movement of substances from low to high concentration
Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
Active transport
Diffusion
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
What is facilitated diffusion?
Movement of substances from low to high concentration
Bulk transport of large particles
Movement of substances with their gradient through a protein without using ATP
Movement of substances against their gradient using ATP
What does active transport require to move substances?
ATP
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Which process is a type of bulk transport?
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Endocytosis
Diffusion
In passive transport, substances move from (a) to to lower concentration.
Which of the following molecules would require ATP to move across the cell membrane?
Oxygen
Water
Ions
Smaller molecules
42-48.
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What is the main purpose of using vinegar in the experiment?
To harden the eggshell
To dissolve the eggshell and allow diffusion into the egg
To increase the mass of the egg
To color the egg
What does the experiment demonstrate?
The process of frying an egg
The reaction of egg with sugar
The process of boiling an egg
Diffusion, osmosis, and the effects of hypotonic and hypertonic solutions
What is the characteristic of a hypertonic solution?
It has a high percentage of solute
It does not affect the egg
It is mainly composed of water
It has a very low percentage of solute
What is used as a hypertonic solution in the experiment?
Saltwater
Distilled water
Corn syrup
Vinegar
What does a hypotonic solution have?
Only corn syrup
A very low percentage of solute
A high percentage of solute
Only vinegar
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will (a) .
A cell placed in a hypertonic solution will (a) .
49-58.
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What analogy is used to explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A battery recharging itself
A car and motorcycle exchanging fuel
A computer recycling its energy
A tree using its leaves as food
What are the three requirements for photosynthesis?
Sunlight, oxygen, and nitrogen
Carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water
Oxygen, water, and sunlight
Nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and sunlight
Where does photosynthesis occur in plants?
In the roots
In the stem
In the chloroplasts
In the leaves
What is the main product of photosynthesis used by plants for energy?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
ATP
Glucose
What is the role of sunlight in photosynthesis?
It breaks down glucose.
It is converted into ATP.
It provides energy for converting carbon dioxide and water into sugars.
It helps in absorbing water.
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the nucleus
In the chloroplasts
In the vacuole
In the mitochondria
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce water
To create sunlight
To generate ATP
To produce oxygen
Which of the following is a waste product of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Sunlight
Glucose
ATP
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration benefit each other?
They both produce oxygen.
They exchange waste products for fuel.
They occur in the same organelle.
They do not interact.
Which cycle repeats over and over again, as described in the video?
The nitrogen cycle
The cycle between photosynthesis and cellular respiration
The water cycle
The cycle of evaporation and condensation
59-68.
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What childhood game is used as an analogy to explain enzymes in the video?
Tetris
Pac-Man
Space Invaders
Mario
What is the specific area on an enzyme where substrates bind called?
Active site
Catalytic site
Binding site
Reaction site
What term describes the enzyme's ability to change shape to bind substrates perfectly?
Induced fit
Enzyme hug
Lock and key
Substrate fit
What suffix is commonly found at the end of enzyme names?
-ose
-ase
-ine
-ate
What is lactose classified as?
Oligosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Disaccharide
Monosaccharide
What enzyme breaks down lactose into smaller parts?
Lipase
Amylase
Protease
Lactase
Which enzyme breaks down lipids in the digestive system?
Amylase
Protease
Lactase
Lipase
What are the small helpers that assist enzymes called?
Coenzymes and cofactors
Inhibitors
Substrates
Catalysts
What happens to an enzyme when it becomes denatured?
It changes shape and can't bind substrates
It produces more products
It becomes more efficient
It speeds up reactions
What environmental condition is ideal for stomach enzymes?
Variable pH
Acidic pH
Basic pH
Neutral pH
