NEW
Font size
WorksheetsFeeDs and NUtrI
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 21mins
Which of the following best explains why feed cost is a primary operational cost in aquaculture?
A. Feeds are imported commodities
B. Nutrient requirements are species-specific
C. Feed constitutes the largest recurring expense
D. Farmers use different feeding schedules
The main goal of aquaculture nutrition is to:
A. Increase water exchange
B. Produce nutritionally complete feeds at lowest cost
C. Reduce fish movement
D. Promote extensive production
According to the NRC (2015), aquaculture must become more intensive because:
A. Capture fisheries are declining
B. Terrestrial meat production is increasing
C. Water quality is improving
D. Feeds are cheaper than before
The “protein sparing effect” refers to:
A. Feeding less protein to reduce cost
B. Using carbohydrates and lipids to meet energy needs
C. Reducing protein digestion
D. Limiting feed intake
Energy is not a nutrient but is essential because it:
A. Provides heat for the body
B. Powers physiological functions and growth
C. Is stored in the muscles
D. Comes only from protein
In the bioenergetic equation, the energy available for growth is called:
A. Digestible energy (DE)
B. Metabolizable energy (ME)
C. Recovered energy (RE)
D. Gross energy (GE)
The main source of energy for aquatic organisms is:
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Ingested food (IE)
“Specific Dynamic Action (SDA)” refers to energy:
A. Used for digestion and molecular transformation
B. Stored as lipid reserves
C. Released during swimming
D. Lost through feces
The physiological energy content of 1 g of lipid is approximately:
A. 17 kJ
B. 23 kJ
C. 38 kJ
D. 12 kJ
Oxygen plays an important role in energy production because:
A. It regulates feed intake
B. It is required for macronutrient oxidation
C. It aids in osmoregulation
D. It enhances buoyancy
The ration that produces no growth but maintains metabolism is called:
A. Rmax
B. Rmaint
C. Ropt
D. R0
The ratio of feed fed to weight gain is known as:
A. Growth rate
B. Scope for growth
C. Feed conversion ratio (FCR)
D. Protein efficiency ratio (PER)
A low FCR value means:
A. Poor feed utilization
B. Efficient feed use
C. Overfeeding
D. Nutrient deficiency
The “scope for growth” represents:
A. Energy for reproduction
B. Energy that can be used for growth
C. The rate of digestion
D. The metabolic heat increment
Growth rate generally increases with temperature until:
A. Feed digestibility drops
B. Metabolic demands exceed energy intake
C. Oxygen levels increase
D. Feeding stops
There are how many essential amino acids for fish?
A. 8
B. 10
C. 12
D. 14
Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
A. Glycine
B. Proline
C. Methionine
D. Tyrosine
The “Ideal Protein Concept” is based on:
A. Ratio of protein to lipid
B. Amino acid balance relative to lysine
C. Digestibility of carbohydrates
D. Dietary taurine inclusion
Lysine is considered a key reference amino acid because:
A. It is most abundant in tissue
B. It has no other metabolic role than protein deposition
C. It can be synthesized easily
D. It provides energy
Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) measures:
A. Weight gain per protein consumed
B. Protein lost in feces
C. Nitrogen content in feed
D. Energy used for digestion
Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are required because:
A. They enhance protein digestion
B. Fish cannot synthesize them sufficiently
C. They serve as vitamin precursors
D. They increase carbohydrate metabolism
LC-PUFAs such as EPA and DHA are important for:
A. Osmoregulation
B. Reproduction and cell membrane structure
C. Nitrogen fixation
D. Shell formation
The n-3 and n-6 fatty acid families are differentiated by:
A. Their solubility in water
B. The position of the first double bond from the methyl end
C. Their chain length
D. Their source (animal vs plant)
A deficiency of LC-PUFAs in broodstock diets affects:
A. Gamete quality and fertilization
B. Shell hardness
C. Muscle pigmentation
D. Oxygen uptake
Fish generally have a limited ability to digest carbohydrates because:
A. They are homoeothermic
B. They evolved as carnivores
Fish generally have a limited ability to digest carbohydrates because:
They are homoeothermic
They evolved as carnivores
Their diets contain too much fiber
They lack vitamins
The process that converts glucose to energy in cells is:
Glycolysis
Photosynthesis
Oxidation
Deamination
For carnivorous fish, carbohydrate inclusion in the diet should not exceed:
10%
20%
30%
40%
Fiber is limited in aquafeeds to around 5–7% because:
It reduces water stability
It is indigestible and limits nutrient absorption
It causes poor color
It is too costly
Vitamin C deficiency in fish causes:
Anemia
Broken back syndrome (scoliosis)
Poor coloration
Reduced lipid metabolism
Lipid-soluble vitamins include:
A, D, E, K
B, C, H, N
Thiamine and niacin
Biotin and folic acid
Macro-minerals are required in the diet in:
µg/kg
mg/kg
g/kg
ng/kg
Which mineral is essential for osmoregulation?
Iron
Sodium
Manganese
Zinc
Calcium and phosphorus are important for:
Blood clotting
Muscle contraction and skeletal structure
Lipid transport
Vitamin synthesis
Digestion in most fish primarily occurs in the _____.
Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Mouth
The enzyme that begins protein digestion in the fish stomach is _____.
Amylase
Pepsin
Lipase
Cellulase
The acidic condition in the stomach (pH 1–2) is due to _____.
Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Lactic acid
Ammonia
Carbonic acid
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are secreted by the _____.
Liver
Pancreas
Intestinal epithelium
Gall bladder
The brush-border cells that absorb nutrients in fish intestines are called _____.
Oxyntopeptic cells
Enterocytes
Goblet cells
Chondrocytes
Bile salts function mainly to:
Hydrolyze proteins
Emulsify lipids
Produce enzymes
Digest cellulose
The pyloric caeca in fish serve to _____.
Store glycogen
Increase absorptive surface area
Secrete bile
Digest cellulose
Carnivorous fish generally have _____ intestines compared with herbivores.
Longer
Shorter
Equal length
None
In crustaceans, most digestive enzymes originate from the _____.
Hepatopancreas
Stomach
Gills
Intestine
Which class of fish possesses the longest intestinal tract relative to body length?
Detritivores
Carnivores
Piscivores
Omnivores
Feed formulation aims to provide _____.
Palatable but incomplete feed
Nutritionally balanced feed at lowest cost
Overfeeding strategies
Uniform pellet color
A purified diet is defined as _____.
Containing natural feed ingredients
Containing chemically defined components
Mixed from fish waste
Formed with enzymes
The “broken-stick regression” is used to _____.
Calculate feed cost
Estimate nutrient requirements
Measure oxygen consumption
Determine digestibility
In feed manufacturing, extrusion is used to _____.
Enhance feed color
Produce floating pellets
Reduce feed temperature
Increase moisture
Feed binders such as starch are added mainly to _____.
Increase palatability
Maintain pellet water stability
Add flavor
Decrease protein
Feed digestibility refers to _____.
Feed palatability
Proportion of nutrients absorbed by the animal
Rate of feeding
Feed storage time
Practical diets are developed using _____ ingredients.
Expensive and rare
Highly digestible and available
Experimental only
Raw fish by-products only
The protein:energy ratio in fish diets usually ranges from:
10–15 mg/kJ
20–30 mg/kJ
40–50 mg/kJ
60–70 mg/kJ
Higher lipid inclusion in feeds is required for _____ species.
Herbivorous
Carnivorous
Detritivorous
Filter-feeding bivalves
Phytate in cereal-based feeds can _____.
Bind calcium and reduce its availability
Enhance phosphorus absorption
Increase vitamin D activity
Improve palatability
Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption in fish?
D. Vitamin K
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
What is the primary function of the swim bladder in fish?
A. Aid in digestion
B. Regulate buoyancy
C. Store energy
D. Produce hormones
Which of the following is a common source of protein in aquafeeds?
D. Soybean oil
C. Wheat
B. Corn
A. Fish meal
Which vitamin is crucial for collagen synthesis in fish?
D. Vitamin E
C. Vitamin D
B. Vitamin C
A. Vitamin A
The primary function of the liver in fish is to:
B. Produce insulin
A. Store bile
C. Detoxify substances
D. Absorb nutrients
Which of the following is a common source of protein in aquaculture feeds?
D. Wheat bran
C. Soybean oil
B. Corn gluten
A. Fish meal
