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APES Unit 2 Massive Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

If an island is closer to the mainland, how will this impact the biodiversity?

a)

There will be a higher level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.

b)

There will be a lower level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.

c)

There will be no difference in biodiversity on islands based on distance to mainland.

2.

What is ecological succession?

a)

A set of environmental conditions within which an organism can best survive

b)

An organism's ability to adapt to its environment

c)

A peak community where the organisms are stable

d)

The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time

3.

Which ecosystem is the most biodiverse?

a)

Temperate deciduous forest

b)

Tropical rainforest

c)

Boreal forest

d)

Savanna

4.

In a food web, what is another term for "top predator"?

a)

Tertiary consumer

b)

Climax consumer

c)

Parasite

d)

Apex predator

5.

Which of the following is NOT a type of ecosystem service?

a)

Cultural

b)

Regulating

c)

Recreational

d)

Provisional

6.

Match the following terms with their definition.

a)

Species Richness

1.

the total # of different species

b)

Species Evenness

2.

the relative abundance of species

c)

Species Dominance

3.

the most abundant species

7.

(a)   species are plant and animal species that are found in a particular geographical region and nowhere else in the world.

8.

_______ species are more susceptible to being wiped out by the introduction of invasive species.

a)

Indicator

b)

Amphibious

c)

Generalist

d)

Specialist

9.

(a)   refers to the salt concentrations in a given solution.

10.

Natural disruptions can often be more detrimental (harmful) than anthropogenic (human-caused) disruptions.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Match the following

a)

Periodic

1.

occurs with regular frequency

b)

Episodic

2.

occasional events with irregular freq.

c)

Random

3.

no regular frequency

12.

The current Climate Change we are experiencing is the first time the Earth has experience such variation.

a)

True

b)

False

13.

Without genetic variation, there would be no evolution.

a)

True

b)

False

14.

(a)   succession starts from bare rock.

15.

High biodiversity is important because...

a)

it means that the ecosystem is more able to recover from disturbances.

b)

it means that the ecosystem is less able to recover from disturbances.

c)

it means that organisms are healthier and have more opportunities.

d)

it means that organisms are less healthy and have less opportunities.

16.

Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity RICHNESS?

a)

Community 1

b)

Community 2

c)

They are the same

17.

Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?

a)

Community 1

b)

Community 2

c)

They are the same

18.

If a natural disturbance occurs and a species undergoes a bottleneck effect, the resulting genetic diversity will be....

a)

increased

b)

decreased

19.

Higher biodiversity =

a)

higher ecosystem resilience

b)

lower ecosystem resilience

20.

Tourism in Yellowstone National Park would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

21.

Bees pollinating our crops would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

22.

A forest that naturally purifies our air would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

23.

A river that naturally filters drinking water would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

24.

Obtaining lumber from a forest would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

25.

Obtaining coal from the earth would be considered what type of ecosystem service?

a)

Provisioning

b)

Regulating

c)

Supporting

d)

Cultural

26.

Click the image to enlarge it. Would island 1 or 2 likely have higher biodiversity?

a)

1

b)

2

27.

Would the continuous or fragmented habitats be more able to recover from a natural disturbance?

a)

Contiguous

b)

Fragmented

28.

Organisms can tolerate any range of temperature, salinity, and pH. True or false?

a)

True

b)

False

29.

A population's zone of intolerance is...

a)

the range where organisms survive, grow, and reproduce

b)

the range where organisms survive, but experience lack of growth and decreased activity

c)

the range where organisms will die

30.

Which fish would survive best in a pond that is kept at 23 degrees Celsius?

a)

Brook Trout

b)

Carp

31.

Which fish would survive best in a pond that is kept at 16 degrees Celsius?

a)

Brook Trout

b)

Carp

32.

Which of the following best explains how environmental stressors, such as wildfires, can affect biodiversity in an ecosystem?

a)

After an environmental stress, a genetic bottleneck may occur, which will increase genetic diversity.

b)

Habitat diversity will increase the available niches if the landscape becomes more uniform after a disturbance.

c)

Ecosystems with more species diversity are more likely to recover after a disturbance than ecosystems with low species diversity.

d)

Smaller populations are less likely to go extinct than larger populations, so the species diversity will remain constant.

33.

What is genetic diversity?

a)

Diversity within a species

b)

# of species and abundance in the community

c)

How many different habitats are in a region

34.

What is habitat diversity?

a)

Diversity within a species

b)

# of species and abundance in the community

c)

How many different habitats are in a region

35.

What is species diversity?

a)

Diversity within a species

b)

# of species and abundance in the community

c)

How many different habitats are in a region

36.

Ecosystem services that give humans products and what they need to survive, like food and lumber are called

a)

Provisioning Services

b)

Regulating Services

c)

Cultural Services

d)

Supporting Services

37.

Ecosystem services that indirectly benefit humans , such as plants cleaning air and bees pollinating plants are called

a)

Provisioning Services

b)

Regulating Services

c)

Cultural Services

d)

Supporting Services

38.

Ecosystem services that that support human life and life on Earth such as producing oxygen and water cycling are called

a)

Provisioning Services

b)

Regulating Services

c)

Cultural Services

d)

Supporting Services

39.

The Theory of Island Biogeography states that

a)

There are more species on islands that are smaller and farther from the mainland.

b)

There are more species on islands that are smaller is

and closer to the mainland.

c)

There are more species on islands that are larger and closer to the mainland.

d)

There are more species on islands that are larger and farther from the mainland.

40.

Organisms, like koalas, that require specific habitats and food are called

a)

specialist

b)

generalist

41.

Organisms, like cockroaches, that can live in many places and eat many things are called

a)

specialist

b)

generalist

42.

The total range of conditions conditions (abiotic factors) that an organism can lived in is called _____________.

a)

Succession

b)

Environmental disturbance

c)

Ecological tolerance

d)

limiting factors

43.

What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?

a)

Primary succession already has soil

b)

Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession

c)

Secondary succession already has soil

d)

Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession

44.

The main cause of biodiversity loss worldwide is

a)

extinctions

b)

invasive species

c)

pollution

d)

habitat destruction

45.

Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?

a)

Beavers

b)

Elephants

c)

Kudzu vine

d)

Sea otters

46.

Which of the following is not an example of an invasive species?

a)

Kudzu vine

b)

Carp

c)

Elephants

d)

Fire ants

47.

Which of these is an aquatic indicator species?

a)

Shrimp

b)

Coral

c)

Plankton

d)

Sea Anemone

48.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Biodiversity decreases with increased sunlight

b)

Biodiversity decreases as you move away from the equator

c)

Biodiversity decreases as you decrease in altitude

d)

Biodiversity increases as you go further down in the oceans

49.

HIPPCO means what?

a)

A cool nickname for Mr. Hipp

b)

A law that protects grasslands

c)

Different invasive species

d)

Threats faced by ecosystems & biomes

50.

What is true about endemic species?

a)

They are more vulnerable to extinction

b)

They are less vulnerable to extinction

51.

The continent with the most amount of biodiversity in the world is

a)

Asia

b)

North America

c)

South America

d)

Europe

52.

Which one of the following is NOT a major threat faced by biodiversity

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasion of privacy

c)

Population growth

d)

Overfishing

53.

What acronym is used for biodiversity threats?

a)

HIPPC

b)

HIPPCO

c)

LIPPCO

d)

LIOOCH

54.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Primary succession is followed by secondary succession

b)

Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span

c)

Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists

d)

Volcanoes creating igneous rock formations lay based for primary succession to take place

55.

Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?

a)

They aren't.

b)

They build dams and help rivers flow

c)

They provide us with nutrients

d)

They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests

56.

Pioneer species like moss and lichen are most likely to show up after

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

57.

Organisms that make physical changes and help create habitats are known as

a)

Invasive species

b)

Keystone species

c)

Foundation species

d)

Endangered species

58.

Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?

a)

Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species

b)

Small islands have more biodiversity

c)

Small islands have more species

d)

Small islands have less resources

59.

A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its

a)

Niche

b)

Job

c)

Role

d)

Duty

60.

Match the organisms with their role in an ecosystem

a)

Elephants- foundation, Alligator- Keystone, Birds- Indicator

b)

Elephants- Keystone, Alligator- Indicator, Birds- foundation

c)

Elephants- Indicator, Alligator- Foundation, Birds- Keystone

d)

Elephants- Keystone, Alligator- Foundation, Birds- Indicator

61.

What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?

a)

Primary succession already has soil

b)

Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession

c)

Secondary succession already has soil

d)

Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession

62.

What prediction is correct about island biogeography?

a)

Smaller islands have more resources, and will have more biodiversity

b)

Larger islands have more space for resources, but will have less biodiversity due to competition

c)

Animals Islands closer to mainland will migrate successfully and there will be more diversity

d)

Animals will fly to far away mainland and there will be more diversity

63.

What is the best way to reduce stress on the ecosystem's provisioning services?

a)

Use electric cars

b)

Slow down population growth

c)

Limiting human access to national parks

d)

Recycling

64.

An optimum range is

a)

A threat to an organism

b)

An organism's niche

c)

An organism's comfort zone

d)

An organism's species richness

65.

Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?

a)

3

b)

12

c)

1.5

d)

0.50

66.

The number of species in within a given area measures

a)

ecosystem diversity

b)

species diversity

c)

genetic diversity

d)

species richness

e)

species evenness

67.

What is an INVASIVE SPECIES?

a)

a plant or animal that does harm in its non-native environment

b)

a plant that lives in the bottom of the ocean

c)

a plant or animal that lives in its native area

d)

a plant or animal that doesn't eat anything

68.

How do MOST invasive species get to new areas where they don't naturally belong?

a)

humans take them accidentally or on purpose

b)

they ride on the back of sea turtles from one country to another

c)

they get blown by the wind to a new location

d)

they buy a bus ticket and travel there themselves

69.

How do zebra mussels cause harm?

a)

they eat up all the fish in the lake

b)

they don't cause harm

c)

they can clog up pipes and mess up the outside of ships

d)

they poison the fish

70.

If a new, NON-NATIVE species that eats rabbits was introduced into this food chain, what would probably happen?

a)

the population of rabbits would increase

b)

the population of eagles would decrease

c)

the population of eagles would increase

d)

there would be less sunlight

71.

What is something that is common to most invasive species?

a)

they don't live long

b)

they can't have babies in the new area

c)

they can't eat anything in the new area

d)

they don't have many predators in their new area

72.

Deforestation leads to a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

a)

True

b)

False

73.

Breaking up large areas of habitat into smaller pieces is called...

a)

Destruction

b)

Conservation

c)

Logging

d)

Fragmentation

74.

A good example of the fragmentation of habitat would be _____.

a)

Cutting down a forest to build a housing development.

b)

Draining a swamp to develop the land.

c)

Building a road through the woods.

d)

Polluting the James River

75.

Reducing the quality of habitat through pollution or invasive species is called ___________.

a)

degradation

b)

destruction

c)

fragmentation

d)

mitigation

76.

Fishing tuna at a rate of more than they can replace themselves is known as?

a)

Habitat destruction

b)

unsustainable

c)

trophic cascade

d)

overharvesting

77.

Which of the following is NOT a way in which humans are destroying habitats?

a)

Clearing out prairies to grow a single crop

b)

Gathering rain water to use to water crops

c)

Building a shopping mall with a large parking lo

d)

Cutting trees for toilet paper

78.

Which of the following is NOT a cause for the current decline in the biodiversity of our ecosystem?

a)

overexploitation of resources

b)

increasing human populations

c)

pollution of water sources

d)

regenerating forests

79.

A possible way to prevent species from becoming endangered is?

a)

increased use of fossil fuels

b)

more habitat converted to farms

c)

designating more areas as wildlife preserves

d)

increased urban expansion

80.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?
a)
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
b)
Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
c)
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
d)
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources
81.
Kudzu has overgrown many parts of southern Missouri and native ground plants have disappeared from the area. This is an example of:
a)
Parasitism between kudzu and the native plants
b)
A predator prey relationship between ground plants and kudzu
c)
Competition occurring between the native and invasive species
d)
Commesalism occurring between the kudzo and native plants
82.
Species that are indigenous to an area with no human intervention
a)
invasive species
b)
native species
c)
all species that live in an ecosystem
83.

How is climate change affecting biodiversity?

a)

biodiversity is decreasing

b)

biodiversity is increasing

c)

climate change is not affecting biodiversity

84.

What are some effects of global warming?

a)

increase in ice caps and lower sea levels

b)

increase in tree growth and melting of ice caps

c)

Rising sea level and melting of ice caps

85.

Catching or removing more aquatic animals than the population can replace:

a)

livestock

b)

domesticated animals

c)

aquaculture

d)

overharvesting

e)

ruminants

86.

Untreated sewage entering rivers is an example of what part of HIPCO?

a)

Habitat Loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Overharvesting

87.

Burning fossil fuels results in there being more greenhouse gases to trap heat around the globe. This causes

a)

Habitat loss

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Pollution

d)

Climate Change

88.
If a blue catfish is introduced and eats the large fish who eat the smaller fish, what will happen to the population of the smaller fish?
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
No affect on smaller fish
89.
Invasive species have a negative impact on...
a)
the ecosystem
b)
the economy
c)
Both the ecosystem and the economy
d)
None of these
90.
Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly? 
a)
Invasive Species are native to an area. 
b)
Invasive species are prey to many animals.
c)
Invasive species have no predators.
d)
Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.
91.
An endangered species is
a)
One whose numbers are so small that it is at risk of extinction
b)
One whose not been spotted after many years.
c)
One whose numbers are abundant.
92.

The primary causes of extinction (and endangerment and threatened status) is...

a)

polar ice cap melting

b)

global warming

c)

habitat loss and degradation

d)

burning of fossil fuels

93.

How does habitat fragmentation reduce genetic diversity in species?

a)

Habitat fragmentation makes nonnative species introduction possible.

b)

Habitat fragmentation opens migration routes.

c)

Habitat fragmentation isolates a large population into smaller groups.

d)

Habitat fragementation encourages open gene flow.

94.
What is the variety of genes present?
a)
bidiversity
b)
species diversity
c)
extinction
d)
genetic diversity
95.
The number of different species and the abundance of each species in a biological community.
a)
genetic diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity
c)
extinction
d)
species diversity
96.

What does the H in HIPPCO stand for?

a)

habitat loss

b)

overharvesting

c)

habitat restoration

d)

health decline

97.

What does the I in HIPPCO stand for?

a)

invasive species

b)

infrastructure

c)

innovation

d)

none of these

98.

The Ps in HIPPCO stand for (select all that apply)

a)

(human) population growth

b)

population decline

c)

pollution

d)

pressure

99.

The C in HIPPCO stands for

a)

climate change

b)

conservation

c)

civilization

d)

none of these

100.

The O in HIPPCO stands for

a)

outsiders

b)

overharvesting

c)

climate change

d)

none of these