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Biology SOL Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Some insects can stand on the surface of water because water --

a)

heats slowly and resists temperature change

b)

is a good evaporative coolant

c)

is cohesive and adhesive

d)

has a high boiling point

2.

Which label indicates the substrate?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

3.

Which label indicates the enzyme?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

4.

What is the optimal pH of trypsin?

a)

3.5

b)

4

c)

7.8

d)

10

5.

Enzymes are classified as:

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Nucleic acids

c)

Lipids

d)

Proteins

6.

Which letter indicates the enzyme-substrate complex?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

7.

The part of the enzyme that the substrate binds to is called the - 

a)

active site

b)

catalyst

c)

inhibitor

d)

substrate complex

8.

The Oxygen in a water molecule carries a slightly _________ charge

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

d)

hydrogen

9.

The hydrogens in a water molecule carry a slightly _________ charge

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

d)

hydrogen

10.
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
a)

Provides short term energy

b)

Provides long term energy

c)
Stores genetic information
d)
Speeds up reactions
11.

What is the function of a lipid?

a)

Provides short term energy

b)

Provides long term energy

c)
Stores genetic information
d)
Speeds up reactions
12.

What is the function of a protein?

a)

Provides short term energy

b)

Provides long term energy

c)
Stores genetic information
d)

Help catalyze chemical reactions in cells.

13.

What is the function of a nucleic acid?

a)

Provides short term energy

b)

Provides long term energy

c)
Stores genetic information
d)

Help catalyze chemical reactions in cells.

14.

Which type of macromolecule is this?

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Lipid

d)

Nucleic Acid

15.

This molecule contains CHON and is a

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Lipid

d)

Nucleic Acid

16.

Which biomolecule makes up cell membranes?

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Lipid

d)

Nucleic acid

17.

Which contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and has a ring-like structure?

a)

Nucleic acid

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Proteins

d)

Lipids

18.

This molecule contains CHONP and is a

a)

Protein

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Lipid

d)

Nucleic Acid

19.

Enzymes are composed of which organic molecule?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

20.

Examine image C below. How could you increase the rate of reaction in image C?

a)

Add more substrate

b)

Add more enzymes

c)

Remove substrate

d)

Remove enzymes

21.

Which do BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

cell wall

22.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
23.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
24.
Find total magnification for:
Eyepiece = 20X 
Objective lens = 20X
 
a)
20x
b)
40x
c)
200x
d)
400x
25.

This cell is a(n)______ cell because it contains ________

a)

Plant, no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

b)

Plant, a nucleus and a cell wall

c)

Animal, no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

d)

Animal, a nucleus and no cell wall

26.

This cell is a(n)______ cell because it contains ________

a)

Prokaryote, no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

b)

Plant, a nucleus and a cell wall

c)

Animal, no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

d)

Eukaryote, a nucleus and a cell wall

27.

Which organelle contains DNA and controls the cell?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

nucleus

c)

nucleolus

d)

lysosme

28.

Which organelle controls what goes in and out of the cell?

a)

nucleus

b)

nucleolus

c)

cell membrane

d)

nuclear membrane

29.

This organelle digests dead cell parts and contains enzymes

a)

lysosome

b)

golgi body

c)

smooth ER

d)

Rough ER

30.

The gelatinous material inside the cell

a)

ribosomes

b)

lysosome

c)

granum

d)

cytoplasm

31.

Proteins are produced at this organelle.

a)

golgi body

b)

ribosome

c)

cytoskeleton

d)

cilia

32.

This organelle makes ATP (usable energy for the cell).

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosome

d)

nucleolus

33.

This organelle packages and processes/ships proteins

a)

Smooth ER

b)

Rough ER

c)

Golgi body

d)

vacuole

34.

The above diagram shows the process of osmosis. Only the water molecules could enter the cell because water molecules — 

a)

have more energy than the protein molecules

b)

are smaller than the protein molecules

c)

contain more hydrogen atoms than the protein molecules

d)

are more numerous than the protein molecules

35.

A student was studying the responses of cells to solutions of varying salt concentrations. Which solution below would cause no change in cell size?

a)

F

b)

G

c)

H

d)

J

36.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Exocytosis
d)
Osmosis
37.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Diffusion
d)
Sodium-Potassium Pump
38.
Cells sometimes use energy to transport materials across the cell membrane.  This is called
a)
photosynthesis
b)
osmosis
c)
cellular respiration
d)
active transport
39.

What process is shown here?

a)

Active Transport

b)

Passive Transport

c)

Diffusion

d)

Osmosis

40.

This process moves molecules with the help of transport proteins and is called..

a)

Diffusion

b)

Facilitated Diffusion

c)

Osmosis

d)

Active Transport

41.

Some peeled pieces of apple were placed in distilled water and some in very salty water. The cells in the apple pieces will —

a)

lose water in both solutions

b)

gain water in the distilled water and lose water in the salty water

c)

gain water in both solutions

d)

lose water in the distilled water and gain water in the salty water

42.

In the cell membrane model shown above, the molecules which move large molecules into and out of the cell are known as -

a)

cholesterol

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

carbohydrates

43.

The picture shows a virus and a bacteria cell. Which of the following do they have in common?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Capsid

c)

Cell membrane

d)

DNA

44.

Which of the following choices is NOT a method of preventing bacterial illnesses from spreading in a meat-processing plant?

a)

Treatment of work areas with chemical disinfectants.

b)

Using antibiotics to treat persons with food poisoning.

c)

Use of gloves when handling raw meat products.

d)

Washing hands and utensils with hot, soapy water.

45.

Select THREE descriptions below that apply to a virus.

a)

Living, nucleus, made of cells

b)

Nonliving, contains DNA/RNA, has a cell wall

c)

Made of cells, contains RNA only, has a cell wall

d)

Made of cells, contains DNA only, has a cell wall

46.

A virus requires a host cell for what process?

a)

reproduction

b)

excretion

c)

nutrition

d)

evolution

47.

Which type of pathogen cannot be treated with an antibiotic?

a)

Bacteria

b)

Virus

48.

The infectious particles below could be described by all of the following statements EXCEPT

a)

They replicate by using a host cell’s machinery.

b)

They infect bacteria, plants, and animals.

c)

The genome can be made of DNA or RNA.

d)

They are the most ancient form of life.

49.

The transfer of energy from glucose to ATP is accomplished most directly by the process of

a)

mitochondria

b)

diffusion

c)

photosynthesis

d)

cellular respiration

50.

Algae and multicellular plants are autotrophs because they - 

a)

capture sunlight to produce sugars

b)

absorb nutrients from soil

c)

decompose dead organisms

d)

break down starches to glucose

51.

If photosynthesis "fixes" carbon dioxide, what does cellular respiration do?

a)

unfixes it, releasing it into the atmosphere

b)

changes it into a more stable form

c)

converts the carbons into ATP

d)

stores it as a high energy molecule

52.

The graph shows how dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide levels changed in a pond over a 24 hour period. What caused the decrease in oxygen concentration during the night?

a)

decreased temperatures

b)

increased evaporation

c)

increased respiration

d)

decreased photosynthesis

53.

The image shows the process of mitotic cell division in a cell. If the daughter cells each have 16 chromosomes after cell division, what was the number of chromosomes in the parent cell?

a)

6

b)

16

c)

32

d)

4

54.

The process of DNA replication is necessary before a cell - 

a)

codes for RNA molecules

b)

modifies lysosome enzymes

c)

divides into two cells

d)

makes a protein

55.

The diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

a)

mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered

b)

segregation of sister chromatids

c)

condensation and segregation of alleles

d)

crossing over in which alleles are exchanged

56.

The crossing over of homologous chromosome and the independent assortment of chromosomes only occur during meiosis. How do these two processes result in genetic variation of organisms?

a)

Gene combinations of daughter cells are different from the parent.

b)

The daughter cells produced become reproductive cells.

c)

They occur in sexually reproducing organisms.

d)

The daughter cells are haploid.

57.

What is the correct sequence for plant cell mitosis?

a)

A, B, D, C

b)

C, B, A, D

c)

B, A, D, C

d)

D, C, B, A

58.

According to this diagram, the result of spermatogenesis is four sperm cells, each with - 

a)

strands of DNA that resulted from crossing over.

b)

half the original number of chromosomes.

c)

genetically identical strands of DNA.

d)

complete copies of all the original chromosomes.

59.

If the DNA sequence of a gene is TAC CCC GGA GAG, what mRNA sequence will be produced in transcription?

a)

AUG GGG CCU CUC

b)

ATG GGG GGT GTG

c)

AUG GGG CCU CUG

d)

AUG CCG GCA CGG

60.

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "AUG?"

a)

Phenylalanine

b)

Tyrosine

c)

Leucine

d)

Methionine

61.

What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "CCU?"

a)

Isoleucine

b)

Stop

c)

Methionine

d)

Proline

62.

The picture shows an x-ray diffraction of DNA. The x-ray diffraction of DNA led to the idea that DNA

a)

is a very long molecule

b)

can copy itself

c)

contains based pairs

d)

is a double helix

63.

The arrow in the diagram represents the movement of which molecular structure?

a)

Protein

b)

DNA molecule

c)

mRNA molecule

d)

base pair

64.

What are the next three mRNA bases in the strand below?

a)

GUC

b)

CUG

c)

TAA

d)

GTC

65.
a)
b)
c)
d)
66.

Which is Heterozygous?

a)

Tt

b)

BB

c)

ff

d)

Dominant

67.

What are the chances that the offspring will have homozygous recessive traits?

a)

1 in 4

b)

3 out of 4

c)

75%

d)

50%

68.
This pedigree represents the inheritance of hemophilia in this family. How many of the females have the hemophilia trait?
a)
8
b)
5
c)
2
d)
3
69.
Whose blood was found at the crime scene?
a)
John
b)
Lisa
c)
Bob
d)
Sure
70.

What is the sex of the individual whose karyotype is seen in the image?

a)
Male
b)
Female
71.
Which structure is labeled as A in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
72.
Which structure is labeled as B in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
73.
Which structure is labeled as C in the diagram?
a)
Centromere
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister chromatids
74.

The technique shown in the diagram represents 

a)

the formation of karyotype

b)

animal cloning

c)

amniocentesis

d)

the formation of recombinant DNA

75.

A red flowered plant (RR) breeds with a White flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.  What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

76.

One parent is heterozygous for a certain trait (Dd).  The other parent is homozygous dominant( DD) for that trait.  What is the percent chance that an offspring from this cross will be heterozygous?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

100%

77.

While working with pea plants, Gregor Mendel observed that some tall plants had yellow seeds while other tall plants had green seeds.  This observation is best explained by

a)

nondisjunction of chromosomes

b)

independent assortment

c)

linkage of genes

d)

Intermediate inheritance

78.

Darwin's explanation for evolution was dependent on which scientific concept?

a)

The significance of social behaviors to survival

b)

The ability of organisms to learn

c)

The relationship between size and survival

d)

The existence of variations in a population

79.

Five species of frogs that live in separate habitats within 5 non-overlapping ranges along the Mississippi River share a common ancestor.  Which process is most likely responsible for the formation of these five distinct species?

a)

Geographic isolation

b)

Physiological isolation

c)

Behavioral isolation

d)

Reproductive isolation

80.

A group of ponies lives in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Reserve in Virginia.  The development of longer legs over time would be selected for if-

a)

it prohibited the long-legged ponies from using available food sources

b)

it made the long-legged ponies run more slowly

c)

it increased the survival rate of the long-legged ponies

d)

it decreased the rate of reproduction of the long-legged ponies

81.

The diagram shown represents a cross-section of undisturbed rock layers.  A scientist discovers bones of a complex vertebrate species in layer B and C.  In which layer would an earlier, less complex form of this vertebrate most likely first appear?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

82.

The leg structures of many different vertebrates are quite similar in number and location of bones.  Most scientists would probably explain this on the basis of-

a)

chance occurrence

b)

needs of the organism

c)

common ancestry

d)

inheritance of acquired traits

83.

The introduction of new genes into the gene pool of a population occurs through the process of

a)

survival of the fittest

b)

competition between organisms

c)

mutations

d)

overproduction

84.

The fact that vertebrate embryos pass through  similar stages of development is evidence for

a)

acquired characteristics

b)

homologous structures

c)

use and disuse

d)

common ancestry

85.

For the growth curve to continue increasing, which of these must occur?

a)

The organisms must adapt to a new habitat.

b)

The organisms must migrate to a new environment.

c)

The resources in the environment must be unlimited

d)

The environment must provide a habitat for a large variety of organisms.

86.

Seaweeds occupy an important niche in the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem.  Which question will best help a student identify the role of seaweeds in this ecosystem?

a)

Which organisms depend on seaweeds as an energy source?

b)

Which seaweed species produces the greatest amount of oxygen?

c)

What wavelengths of light are photosynthesized by seaweed species?

d)

What salinity in areas where seaweed is growing?

87.

In a population of 120 oak trees, 25% of the population has oak wilt disease.  What is the number of trees in this population that have oak wilt?

a)

10

b)

25

c)

30

d)

42

88.

In an ecosystem, a sudden decrease in the number of bacteria in the soil would most likely result in-

a)

increased water pollution in the soil

b)

a reduction in the amount of nitrogen available to the ecosystem

c)

increased precipitation and flooding of the soil

d)

a decrease in the number of fossils formed in the soil

89.

A decreases in the grass population will most immediately decrease the available energy for the

a)

snake

b)

deer

c)

mouse

d)

frog

90.

According to the energy pyramid, the most energy is present in organisms living at the same level as the-

a)

bobcat

b)

birds

c)

grasshopper

d)

grass

91.

Most populations introduced to a new ecosystem grow until factors such as lack of food and overcrowding limit their growth, as illustrated above.  What does the portion of the graph labeled B represent?

a)

Exponential growth

b)

Birthrate decrease

c)

Slowing growth

d)

Death rate increase

92.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
93.
Which catastrophic event will most likely have the effect of returning an ecosystem to primary succession?
a)
A tornado
b)
A volcanic eruption
c)
A flood
d)
A drought
94.

The first organisms to reappear after an ecosystem is damaged.

a)

Abiotic Community

b)

Pioneer species

c)

Succession

d)

Biomass

95.

Some snake embryos have small buds resembling limbs  These buds disappear at later stages of embryo development.  These findings  suggest that these snakes-

a)

will have offspring with limbs

b)

have functional limbs as adults

c)

had a parent with limbs

d)

evolved from an ancestor that had limbs

96.

The information in the table supports which conclusion?

a)

Frogs are more closely related to monkeys than sea anemones.

b)

Frogs, monkeys, and sea anemones are classified into different kingdoms.

c)

Sea anemones are more complex than frogs or monkeys.

d)

Sea anemones and monkeys are adapted to similar environments.

97.
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
a)
jaws
b)
mammary glands & hair
c)
terrestrial during all life stages
d)
bipedal & opposable thumbs
98.

Which species is most closely related to species C?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

D

99.

Ursus horribilis, the scientific name for the grizzly bear, refers to the bear's

a)

kingdom and species

b)

genus and species

c)

kingdom and phylum

d)

genus and phylum

100.

The chart shows observations made of an unknown organism.  Based on this information, the organism most likely belongs to the kingdom-

a)

Fungi

b)

Plantae

c)

Animalia

d)

Eubacteria