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Structures, Functions, and Disorders of the Urinary System

Total questions: 97

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the name of the organ labeled at the top above the kidney?

a)

Adrenal Gland

b)

Pancreas

c)

Liver

d)

Spleen

2.

What is the name of the organ labeled in the middle, which filters blood to produce urine?

a)

Kidney

b)

Liver

c)

Lung

d)

Heart

3.

What is the name of the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?

a)

Ureter

b)

Urethra

c)

Vas deferens

d)

Fallopian tube

4.

What is the name of the organ that stores urine before it is excreted?

a)

Bladder

b)

Liver

c)

Stomach

d)

Lung

5.

What is the name of the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body?

a)

Urethra

b)

Ureter

c)

Esophagus

d)

Trachea

6.

What is the function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

a)

They carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

b)

They collect and store urine

c)

They are a pair of bean-shaped organs located between the peritoneum and the back muscles

d)

They connect the bladder to the outside of the body

7.

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a tube that connects and carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

a)

Ureter

b)

Urethra

c)

Esophagus

d)

Trachea

8.

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a hollow, muscular organ that collects and stores urine.

a)

Bladder

b)

Liver

c)

Stomach

d)

Lung

9.

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a tube that connects the bladder to the outside of the body.

a)

Urethra

b)

Ureter

c)

Esophagus

d)

Trachea

10.

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the external opening of the urethra where urine exits the body.

a)

Urinary meatus

b)

Renal pelvis

c)

Ureter

d)

Bladder

11.

What is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney called?

a)

Renal Capsule

b)

Renal Cortex

c)

Renal Medulla

d)

Renal Pelvis

12.

What is the indention where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave the kidney called?

a)

Renal Hilum

b)

Renal Cortex

c)

Renal Capsule

d)

Renal Pyramid

13.

What is the funnel-shaped structure that receives urine from the collecting duct for passage into the ureter called?

a)

Renal Pelvis

b)

Bowman's Capsule

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Glomerulus

14.

What is the outer portion of the kidney called?

a)

Renal Cortex

b)

Renal Medulla

c)

Renal Pelvis

d)

Ureter

15.

What is the innermost part of the kidney called?

a)

Renal Medulla

b)

Renal Cortex

c)

Renal Pelvis

d)

Ureter

16.

Label the following parts on the kidney diagram: Renal Capsule, Renal Hilum, Renal Pelvis, Renal Cortex, Renal Medulla.

a)

Renal Capsule (I), Renal Hilum (not labeled directly, but area where vessels enter), Renal Pelvis (H), Renal Cortex (K), Renal Medulla (J)

b)

Renal Capsule (H), Renal Hilum (J), Renal Pelvis (K), Renal Cortex (I), Renal Medulla (not labeled)

c)

Renal Capsule (K), Renal Hilum (I), Renal Pelvis (J), Renal Cortex (H), Renal Medulla (not labeled)

d)

Renal Capsule (J), Renal Hilum (H), Renal Pelvis (I), Renal Cortex (not labeled), Renal Medulla (K)

17.

Which part of the kidney is labeled 'H' in the diagram?

a)

Renal Cortex

b)

Renal Medulla

c)

Renal Pelvis

d)

Renal Capsule

18.

Which part of the kidney is labeled 'J' in the diagram?

a)

Renal Cortex

b)

Renal Medulla

c)

Renal Pelvis

d)

Nephron

19.

Which part of the kidney is labeled 'K' in the diagram?

a)

Renal Cortex

b)

Renal Medulla

c)

Renal Pelvis

d)

Ureter

20.

What is the function of Bowman's Capsule in the nephron?

a)

Bowman's Capsule is a double-walled capsule surrounding the glomerulus.

b)

Bowman's Capsule filters urine from the collecting duct.

c)

Bowman's Capsule produces hormones for the nephron.

d)

Bowman's Capsule reabsorbs glucose from the filtrate.

21.

What is the Glomerulus in the nephron?

a)

Glomerulus is a cluster of capillaries where filtration takes place.

b)

Glomerulus is a tube that collects urine from the nephron.

c)

Glomerulus is a hormone secreted by the kidney.

d)

Glomerulus is a muscle that controls blood flow in the nephron.

22.

What is the function of the Proximal convoluted tubule in the nephron?

a)

part of nephron where glucose, sodium, chloride and water are reabsorbed

b)

site where urine is stored before excretion

c)

region where blood is filtered to form urine

d)

area responsible for secretion of hormones into the blood

23.

What is the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

a)

portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule

b)

blood vessel that supplies the nephron with oxygen

c)

structure that filters blood in the glomerulus

d)

duct that collects urine from the kidney

24.

What is the function of the Distal Convoluted Tubule in the nephron?

a)

portion of nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule

b)

site of glomerular filtration

c)

main site of water reabsorption

d)

produces erythropoietin

25.

What is the function of the Collecting Tubule in the nephron?

a)

part of a nephron that collects the urine from the distal convoluted tubule and discharges it into the pelvis of the kidney

b)

filters blood to form urine

c)

reabsorbs glucose from the filtrate

d)

produces erythropoietin

26.

What is one of the functions of the urinary system? (Fill in the blank)

a)

Excretion of wastes

b)

Digestion of food

c)

Production of hormones

d)

Absorption of nutrients

27.

What is one of the functions of the urinary system? (Fill in the blank)

a)

Formation of urine

b)

Digestion of food

c)

Production of hormones for growth

d)

Transmission of nerve impulses

28.

What is one of the functions of the urinary system? (Fill in the blank)

a)

Fluid and electrolyte balance

b)

Digestion of proteins

c)

Production of insulin

d)

Transmission of nerve impulses

29.

What is one of the functions of the urinary system? (Fill in the blank)

a)

Elimination of urine

b)

Production of hormones for digestion

c)

Absorption of nutrients

d)

Regulation of body temperature

30.

Which part of the nephron filters small solutes from the blood?

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Loop of Henle

c)

Collecting duct

d)

Distal convoluted tubule

31.

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs ions, water, and nutrients, removes toxins, and adjusts filtrate pH? (Fill in the blank)

a)

Proximal convoluted tubule

b)

Loop of Henle

c)

Distal convoluted tubule

d)

Collecting duct

32.

Which part of the nephron allows water to pass from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid?

a)

Descending loop of Henle

b)

Proximal convoluted tubule

c)

Ascending loop of Henle

d)

Distal convoluted tubule

33.

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid?

a)

Ascending loop of Henle

b)

Proximal convoluted tubule

c)

Descending loop of Henle

d)

Collecting duct

34.

Which part of the nephron selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain blood pH and electrolyte balance?

a)

Distal tubule

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Loop of Henle

d)

Proximal tubule

35.

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs solutes and water from the filtrate?

a)

Collecting duct

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Glomerulus

d)

Distal convoluted tubule

36.

Formation of Urine: What is the first step in urine formation?

a)

Reabsorption

b)

Filtration

c)

Secretion

d)

Excretion

37.

Formation of Urine: Fill in the blank. The capillary walls act like a ______ during the filtration step of urine formation.

a)

filter

b)

pump

c)

valve

d)

reservoir

38.

Formation of Urine: Which substances are reabsorbed during the reabsorption step?

a)

Water and useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, vitamins, sodium

b)

Urea and toxins

c)

Only carbon dioxide and oxygen

d)

Hormones and bile pigments

39.

Water is reabsorbed in the largest amount during urine formation.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

Formation of Urine: What substances are transported during the secretion step?

a)

Glucose and amino acids

b)

Water and sodium

c)

Creatinine, potassium, hydrogen, and some drugs

d)

Urea and uric acid

41.

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: The kidneys help maintain ______ and electrolyte balance.

a)

fluid

b)

sugar

c)

oxygen

d)

protein

42.

Chemical control of fluid and electrolyte balance in the kidneys is achieved through which hormones?

a)

Insulin and glucagon

b)

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) and aldosterone

c)

Thyroxine and calcitonin

d)

Estrogen and progesterone

43.

ADH influences reabsorption of ______ in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.

a)

water

b)

glucose

c)

sodium ions

d)

amino acids

44.

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: If levels in the blood are low, substances are ______ to the blood.

a)

returned

b)

removed

c)

diluted

d)

filtered

45.

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: If levels are too high then substances are ______.

a)

excreted

b)

absorbed

c)

stored

d)

produced

46.

Diuretics are substances that inhibit reabsorption of ______.

a)

H2O (water)

b)

NaCl (salt)

c)

Glucose

d)

Amino acids

47.

What is the process of expelling urine from the body called?

a)

Micturition or voiding

b)

Osmosis

c)

Inhalation

d)

Photosynthesis

48.

What is the average urinary output per day?

a)

1500ml

b)

500ml

c)

3000ml

d)

100ml

49.

What is urinalysis?

a)

Examination of urine to determine presence of blood cells, bacteria, acidity level, specific gravity and physical characteristics

b)

Examination of blood to determine cholesterol levels

c)

Examination of saliva to detect viral infections

d)

Examination of stool to check for parasites

50.

Polyuria means:

a)

low urinary output

b)

excessive urination

c)

blood in urine

d)

no urine

51.

Oliguria means:

a)

low urinary output

b)

excessive urination

c)

need to urinate at night

d)

blood in urine

52.

Nocturia means:

a)

need to urinate at night

b)

no urine

c)

blood in urine

d)

excessive urination

53.

Anuria means:

a)

no urine

b)

excessive urination

c)

low urinary output

d)

blood in urine

54.

Hematuria means:

a)

blood in urine

b)

excessive urination

c)

low urinary output

d)

need to urinate at night

55.

Dehydration occurs when you lose more fluid than you take in.

a)

True

b)

False

56.

What happens to the body when it doesn't have enough fluids to carry out its normal functions?

a)

The body cannot carry out its normal functions.

b)

The body becomes stronger.

c)

The body produces more fluids.

d)

The body does not need fluids.

57.

Urinary symptoms of dehydration include less frequent urine and ______-colored urine.

a)

dark

b)

light

c)

blue

d)

clear

58.

What is cystitis?

a)

Inflammation of the kidney

b)

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

c)

Inflammation of the ureter

d)

Inflammation of the liver

59.

What is the most common cause of cystitis?

a)

Staphylococcus

b)

E.Coli

c)

Streptococcus

d)

Salmonella

60.

Which of the following is a symptom of cystitis?

a)

Headache

b)

Dysuria (painful urination) and frequency

c)

Rash

d)

Vomiting

61.

Cystitis is more common in females due to ________ urethra.

a)

shorter

b)

longer

c)

thicker

d)

narrower

62.

What is the recommended treatment (Rx) for cystitis?

a)

Painkillers

b)

Antibiotics

c)

Surgery

d)

Rest

63.

Label the parts shown in the diagram of bladder infection.

a)

Ureter, Bladder, Urethra

b)

Esophagus, Stomach, Intestine

c)

Trachea, Bronchi, Alveoli

d)

Aorta, Vena Cava, Atrium

64.

What is the meaning of 'Enuresis'? Enuresis means ________.

a)

bedwetting

b)

sleepwalking

c)

daydreaming

d)

teeth grinding

65.

Enuresis can occur up to the age of 5 as part of normal childhood development.

a)

True

b)

False

66.

Most children outgrow bedwetting on their own.

a)

True

b)

False

67.

What is glomerulonephritis?

a)

Inflammation of the liver

b)

Inflammation of the kidney

c)

Inflammation of the heart

d)

Inflammation of the lungs

68.

Glomerulonephritis may be ______ or chronic.

a)

acute

b)

benign

c)

malignant

d)

progressive

69.

Which type of glomerulonephritis develops suddenly and may occur after strep throat or other types of infection?

a)

Acute

b)

Chronic

70.

Chronic glomerulonephritis develops slowly over several years and often leads to complete kidney failure.

a)

True

b)

False

71.

Fill in the blank: Acute glomerulonephritis develops _______.

a)

suddenly

b)

slowly

c)

gradually

d)

over years

72.

What is the term for involuntary urination and inability to control release of urine?

a)

Incontinence

b)

Nocturia

c)

Polyuria

d)

Dysuria

73.

Which of the following best describes 'Incontinence'?

a)

Voluntary urination

b)

Involuntary urination

c)

Ability to control release of urine

d)

None of the above

74.

What are renal calculi (kidney stones) made of?

a)

Crystals of calcium phosphate and uric acid

b)

Proteins and carbohydrates

c)

Fatty acids

d)

Water

75.

What happens to kidney stones as they gradually get larger?

a)

They dissolve in urine

b)

They block ureters

c)

They turn into blood clots

d)

They disappear

76.

Fill in the blank: The first symptom of renal calculi is _________

a)

severe pain

b)

mild fever

c)

blurred vision

d)

skin rash

77.

Which of the following are symptoms of kidney stones?

a)

Fever

b)

Chills

c)

Frequency

d)

Hematuria

e)

Nausea/vomiting

78.

How are kidney stones diagnosed?

a)

By symptoms, ultrasound, x-ray

b)

By blood test only

c)

By urine color

d)

By physical examination only

79.

Fill in the blank: To help flush out kidney stones, patients are advised to increase _________

a)

fluids

b)

sugar

c)

protein

d)

salt

80.

What is lithotripsy?

a)

A medication to dissolve stones

b)

A surgery to remove stones

c)

Shock waves used to bust up stones so they can be removed

d)

A type of diet

81.

What is renal failure?

a)

When the kidneys lose the ability to sufficiently filter waste from the blood

b)

When the heart stops pumping blood

c)

When the liver cannot process toxins

d)

When the lungs cannot exchange gases

82.

Renal failure may be ______ or chronic.

a)

acute

b)

benign

c)

infectious

d)

hereditary

83.

Which of the following is an early sign of renal failure?

a)

Polyuria (excessive urination)

b)

Oliguria (scanty amount of urine)

c)

Hematuria (blood in urine)

d)

Proteinuria (protein in urine)

84.

How many stages of renal failure are there?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

5

d)

6

85.

When a patient reaches stage 5 renal failure, what treatments are necessary?

a)

Medication only

b)

Regular dialysis or a kidney transplant

c)

Physical therapy

d)

Dietary changes only

86.

Uremia is the buildup of waste products in the blood that occurs when the kidneys are not functioning properly.

a)

True

b)

False

87.

What is dialysis (hemodialysis) used for?

a)

Heart failure

b)

Kidney failure

c)

Liver failure

d)

Lung failure

88.

Dialysis involves the passage of blood through a device with a ______ membrane.

a)

semi-permeable

b)

impermeable

c)

permeable

d)

non-porous

89.

Dialysis serves as a substitute kidney.

a)

True

b)

False

90.

Blood from the patient flows through the machine and is _______.

a)

filtered

b)

heated

c)

frozen

d)

evaporated

91.

Where can dialysis be performed?

a)

Only in hospital

b)

Only at home

c)

At home or in clinic

d)

Only in clinic

92.

How long does a typical dialysis session take?

a)

30 minutes

b)

1 hour

c)

2-4 hours

d)

6 hours

93.

Fill in the blank: The file related to the Urinary System (Female) is _____

a)

File:Urinary System (Female).png

b)

File:Digestive System (Male).png

c)

File:Respiratory System (Female).png

d)

File:Skeletal System (Female).png

94.

Fill in the blank: The file related to Kidney Anatomy is _____

a)

File:Blausen 0592 KidneyAnatomy 01.png

b)

File:Blausen 0593 HeartAnatomy 01.png

c)

File:Blausen 0594 LiverAnatomy 01.png

d)

File:Blausen 0595 LungAnatomy 01.png

95.

Fill in the blank: The file related to Kidney Nephron is _____.

a)

File:Kidney Nephron.png

b)

File:Liver Hepatocyte.png

c)

File:Heart Atrium.png

d)

File:Lung Alveoli.png

96.

Fill in the blank: The file related to Figure 41 03 04 is _____

a)

File:Figure 41 03 04.jpg

b)

File:Figure 41 03 05.jpg

c)

File:Figure 41 04 03.jpg

d)

File:Figure 40 03 04.jpg

97.

Fill in the blank: The file related to Kidney nephron molar transport diagram is _____

a)

File:Kidney nephron molar transport diagram.svg

b)

File:Heart anatomy diagram.svg

c)

File:Lung alveoli structure diagram.svg

d)

File:Liver lobule diagram.svg

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