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B4 ONLY - RNA and Protein Synthesis Activity

Total questions: 209

Worksheet time: 3hrs 45mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is a component of DNA?

a)

Ribose sugar

b)

Deoxyribose sugar

c)

Uracil

d)

Phospholipid

2.

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

a)

Stores genetic information

b)

Carries amino acids to the ribosome

c)

Carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

d)

Forms the structure of ribosomes

3.

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Uracil

d)

Guanine

4.

What is the basic unit of a protein?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Amino acid

c)

Fatty acid

d)

Monosaccharide

5.

Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with the sequence AGT?

a)

TCA

b)

AGT

c)

UCA

d)

GTC

6.

Which of the following best describes a codon?

a)

A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid

b)

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions

c)

A sugar found in DNA

d)

A type of RNA that carries amino acids

7.

Which component is NOT part of a DNA nucleotide?

a)

Phosphate group

b)

Deoxyribose sugar

c)

Ribose sugar

d)

Nitrogenous base

8.

What is the role of tRNA during translation?

a)

Transcribes DNA into RNA

b)

Delivers amino acids to the ribosome

c)

Replicates DNA

d)

Synthesizes mRNA

9.

Which of the following is a correct base pairing in DNA?

a)

Adenine–Uracil

b)

Cytosine–Guanine

c)

Thymine–Guanine

d)

Adenine–Cytosine

10.

Which molecule contains the anticodon?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

DNA

d)

rRNA

11.

Given the DNA sequence TAC, what is the corresponding mRNA codon?

a)

ATG

b)

UAC

c)

AUG

d)

TUG

12.

If a DNA strand has the sequence GGA TCC, what would be the complementary DNA strand?

a)

CCT AGG

b)

GGA TCC

c)

CCU AGG

d)

GGU ACC

13.

Using a codon chart, what amino acid does the mRNA codon UUU code for?

a)

Leucine

b)

Phenylalanine

c)

Methionine

d)

Glycine

14.

Which process describes the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template?

a)

Translation

b)

Replication

c)

Transcription

d)

Mutation

15.

How does the sequence of nucleotides in DNA determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

a)

By forming hydrogen bonds with amino acids

b)

By coding for mRNA, which is translated into amino acids

c)

By directly attaching to amino acids

d)

By creating ribosomes

16.

Which of the following best explains why a change in the DNA sequence can affect an organism’s traits?

a)

It changes the number of chromosomes

b)

It alters the sequence of amino acids in a protein

c)

It increases the amount of RNA produced

d)

It doubles the amount of DNA

17.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

a)

Replication → Transcription → Translation

b)

Transcription → Translation → Replication

c)

Transcription → Translation

d)

Translation → Transcription

18.

A DNA sequence reads CCG. What is the corresponding tRNA anticodon?

a)

GGC

b)

CCG

c)

UUG

d)

GGU

19.

Which scientific explanation best supports the idea that DNA is the molecule of heredity?

a)

DNA is found only in animals

b)

DNA can be transferred between organisms and still function

c)

DNA is made of proteins

d)

DNA is not present in bacteria

20.

Which of the following statements about the origin of DNA is supported by scientific evidence?

a)

DNA was created by humans

b)

DNA evolved from simpler molecules over time

c)

DNA has always existed in its current form

d)

DNA is only found in plants

21.

A mutation changes the DNA codon from GAA to GUA. Using a codon chart, predict how this mutation might affect the protein produced.

a)

It will always produce the same protein

b)

It may result in a different amino acid, possibly altering the protein’s function

c)

It will have no effect on the protein

d)

It will stop protein synthesis

22.

Given the mRNA sequence AUG GCU UAC, use a codon chart to determine the sequence of amino acids produced.

a)

Methionine–Alanine–Tyrosine

b)

Alanine–Methionine–Tyrosine

c)

Tyrosine–Alanine–Methionine

d)

Methionine–Tyrosine–Alanine

23.

A scientist observes that a certain protein is not being produced in a cell. Which part of gene expression might be malfunctioning?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Transcription or translation

c)

Cell division

d)

Photosynthesis

24.

If a DNA sequence is mutated so that a stop codon appears early in the mRNA, what is the most likely result?

a)

The protein will be longer than normal

b)

The protein will be shorter and possibly nonfunctional

c)

The protein will not be affected

d)

The protein will be made twice

25.

A student is given a DNA sequence and asked to model the process of protein synthesis. Which steps should the student include in their model?

a)

Transcription and translation

b)

Replication and translation

c)

Replication and transcription

d)

Translation and mutation

26.

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein. What is this type of change called, and what could be its effect?

a)

Silent mutation; no effect

b)

Missense mutation; may alter protein function

c)

Nonsense mutation; always beneficial

d)

Frameshift mutation; always neutral

27.

A researcher uses a model to show how mRNA is translated into a protein. What evidence would support the accuracy of this model?

a)

The model shows tRNA matching codons with anticodons and adding amino acids in the correct order

b)

The model shows DNA being directly converted into protein

c)

The model shows amino acids forming DNA

d)

The model shows ribosomes making mRNA

28.

A student claims that all mutations in DNA will result in a change in an organism’s traits. Use your knowledge of gene expression to evaluate this claim.

a)

The claim is always true

b)

The claim is false; some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence or protein function

c)

The claim is true only for plants

d)

The claim is true only for animals

29.

A gene is expressed only in certain types of cells. What does this suggest about gene expression?

a)

All genes are always expressed in every cell

b)

Gene expression is regulated and can be cell-specific

c)

Genes are only present in some cells

d)

Gene expression does not affect proteins

30.

A scientist wants to explain how the structure of DNA allows it to specify traits in an organism. Which explanation is most accurate?

a)

The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins, which influence traits

b)

The shape of DNA determines the color of an organism

c)

DNA is made of amino acids, which are traits

d)

DNA is only important for cell division

31.

Which shows the correct complementary DNA strand of ATG?

a)

ATG

b)

TAC

c)

TAG

d)

CGC

32.

What are the supplies in the "house" analogy?

a)

the building sites

b)

the amino acids

c)

the copies of the blueprints

d)

the delivery trucks

33.

Which molecule uses DNA as a template to carry instructions out of the cell?

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA Polymerase

34.

What is the process of turning DNA into mRNA?

a)

Central Dogma

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Transformation

35.

mRNA is analogous to

a)

the original blueprints

b)

a copy of the blueprints

c)

the finished house

d)

the building site

36.

_______ is made during transcription and ________ is made during translation.

a)

mRNA / a protein

b)

a protein / mRNA

c)

Ribosome / Nucleus

d)

mRNA / tRNA

37.

Which RNA bases would pair with TAC  in transcription? 

a)

AUG

b)

ATG

c)

GCA

d)

GCA

38.

A triplet (3 bases)  of mRNA is called a

a)

codon

b)

anticodon

c)

amino acid

d)

peptide bond

39.

What amino acid is represented by the codon CAG?

a)

Aspartic Acid

b)

Histidine

c)

Glutamine

d)

Methionine

40.

How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA  ACT

a)

4

b)

3

c)

6

d)

2

41.

Translation happens in the - 

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

42.

Amino acids are joined together in order to form

a)

DNA

b)

ribosomes

c)

proteins 

d)

RNA

43.

What is the correct sequence?

a)

RNA --> DNA --> Protein

b)

Protein --> RNA --> DNA

c)

DNA --> RNA --> Protein

d)

DNA --> Protein --> RNA

44.

What represents the "building site" or place of construction in the house analogy?

a)

r RNA

b)

m RNA

c)

ribosome

d)

t RNA

45.

How many nitrogen bases (letters) code for 3 amino acids?

a)

3

b)

6

c)

9

d)

27

46.

What is the location in the cell for transcription?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

ribosome

d)

mitochondria

47.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

48.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Lysosome

d)

Golgi apparatus

49.

What is the structure shown in the image?

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

xRNA

50.

What is the structure shown in the middle of the pink box?

a)

tRNA

b)

Amino Acid

c)

Anticodon

d)

Codon

51.

What is the structure shown in the middle of the pink box?

a)

tRNA

b)

Amino Acid

c)

Anticodon

d)

Codon

52.

What are the three parts that make up a nucleotide?

a)

Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogenous base

b)

Sugar, phosphate, hydrogen bond

c)

Phosphate, base, hydrogen bond

d)

sugar, base, hydrogen bond

53.

Which sugar is found in DNA?

a)

ribose

b)

deoxyribose

c)

sucrose

d)

glucose

54.

Which base is NOT found in DNA?

a)

Uracil

b)

Cytosine

c)

Thymine

d)

Guanine

55.

Match each base with the type of nucleic acid it is found in.

a)

Thymine

1.

Found only in DNA, not in RNA

b)

Adenine

2.

Found in both DNA and RNA

c)

Cytosine

3.

Found in both DNA and RNA

d)

Guanine

4.

Found in both DNA and RNA

56.

Which molecule is double stranded?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

57.

According to Chargaff's Rule, in DNA Adenine pairs with

a)

Uracil

b)

Thymine

c)

Cytosine

d)

Guanine

58.

According to Chargaff's Rule, Cytosine pairs with

a)

Uracil

b)

Thymine

c)

Adenine

d)

Guanine

59.

Which enzyme is responsible for separating the strands of DNA during replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

60.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding new bases during DNA replication?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

61.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding new bases during transcription?

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

Helicase

d)

Ligase

62.

Match the following types of RNA/DNA with their roles in protein synthesis.

a)

mRNA

1.

Determines the order of amino acids in a polypeptide

b)

tRNA

2.

Brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation

c)

rRNA

3.

Forms the core structure of ribosomes

d)

DNA

4.

Contains genetic instructions for protein synthesis

63.

Which type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

64.

Which type of RNA is responsible for making up the ribosome?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

65.

What is the purpose of a ribosome?

a)

To make more DNA

b)

To make mRNA

c)

To make amino acids

d)

To make polypeptides

66.

Which process takes place outside of the nucleus?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Ribosome production

67.

A codon is found on which type of RNA molecule?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

68.

An anticodon is found on which type of RNA molecule?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

69.

Which type of point mutation will NOT result in a frameshift?

a)

Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Substitution

d)

Inversion

70.

All mutations are bad.

a)

True

b)

False

71.

All genes are turned on in all cells at all times.

a)

True

b)

False

72.

For proteins to be made, DNA must be copied into________.

a)

Chromosomes

b)

Chromatin

c)

RNA

d)

cytoplasm

73.

Once the DNA is copied into RNA, it goes to what organelle to begin protein synthesis?

a)

nucleus

b)

rIbosome

c)

cytoplasm

d)

centriole

74.

How many nucleotide bases make up a code for an amino acid?

a)

3

b)

2

c)

5

d)

4

75.

3 nucleotide bases form code to make _________________.

a)

proteins

b)

DNA

c)

mutations

d)

amino acids

76.

Amino acids form a chain to make ______________.

a)

ladders

b)

nucleotides

c)

protiens

d)

steak

77.

How are proteins related to traits?

a)

Proteins determine traits.

b)

Proteins are not related to traits.

c)

Proteins are responsible for my eye color.

d)

Traits make proteins.

78.

Proteins acts as ________________ for many processes in the cell.

a)

acids

b)

chemical triggers

c)

bases

d)

messengers

79.

A mutation is a _______________ in the nucleotide base sequence of a gene.

a)

wrinkle

b)

change

c)

bump

d)

tumor

80.

A substance that causes a genetic mutation is called a _________.

a)

acid

b)

chemical

c)

poison

d)

mutagen

81.

Mutations always cause harmful affects to an organism.

a)

True

b)

False

82.

Some mutations cause no apparent change to an organism.

a)

True

b)

False

83.

Some mutations are (a)   for the organism.

Choose from the below words
beneficial
harmful
neutral
lethal
84.

A mutation where a base is left out of a genetic sequence is a _______________.

a)

translocation

b)

deletion

c)

insertion

d)

substitution

85.

A mutation where a base is added is called a ____________.

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

translocation

d)

substitution

86.

A mutation where a different base is used in the place of another is a ______________.

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

translocation

d)

substitution

87.

For the original code CTGGAG, what type mutation is CTGGGG?

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

substitution

d)

translocation

88.

For the original code CTGGAG what type mutation is CTGGTGGAG?

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

substitution

d)

translocation

89.

For the original code CTGGAG, what type mutation is CTAG?

a)

deletion

b)

insertion

c)

substitution

d)

translocation

90.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
91.

The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.

a)

cell

b)

nucleotide

c)

nucleus

d)

mitochondrion

92.

DNA holds the code for making

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates

c)

proteins

d)

sugars

93.

Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would be match up with to the following strand:

GTAGTCA

a)

UATUAGA

b)

ACGACTG

c)

CAUCAGU

d)

CATCAGT

94.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
95.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
96.
Contains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
97.
What part of protein synthesis does this diagram represent?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA
98.
What molecules do both DNA and RNA contain?
a)
uracil
b)
nucleotides
c)
thymine
d)
deoxyribose
99.
which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
100.
Which of the following is the template for the production of RNA within a cell?
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
ATO
d)
carbohydrate
101.
Which of the following best describes how DNA and RNA are similar?
a)
they both contain A and T
b)
They both have a double helix
c)
They are both composed of 5 different nucleotides
d)
they both have C and G
102.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
103.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria in cytoplasm

c)

ribosome in cytoplasm

d)

chloroplast in cytoplasm

104.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
105.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
106.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
107.

Where are proteins assembled (put together) in a cell?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Muscles

108.
Which is not one of the three types of RNA?
a)
mRNA (messenger)
b)
rRNA (ribosomal)
c)
tRNA (transfer)
d)
nRNA (nitrogen)
109.
The codon (set of 3 nitrogen bases) codes for 1 of 20
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
RNA
c)
genes
d)
amino acids
110.

What is a gene?

a)

A molecule that makes up the sides of the DNA molecule

b)

A type of protein that determines inherited characteristics

c)

A piece/strand of DNA that has instructions for a certain trait

d)

A piece/strand of RNA that has instructions for a certain trait

111.

Which letters represent the four bases of DNA?

a)

U (Uracil), T (Thymine), C (Cytosine), G (Guanine)

b)

A (Adenine), U (Uracil), C (Cytosine), G (Guanine)

c)

A (Adenine), T (Thymine), C (Cytosine), G (Guanine)

d)

A (Adenine), T (Thymine), C (Cytosine), S (Sugar)

112.

What makes up the sides of the DNA molecule?

a)

Amino acids

b)

Proteins

c)

Sugar phosphate group

d)

Nitrogen bases

113.

What is a chromosome?

a)

A type of protein that determines inherited characteristics

b)

A molecule that makes up the sides of the DNA molecule

c)

A structure that contains DNA

d)

A cell part where proteins are made

114.

What are nitrogen bases?

a)

Proteins

b)

Amino acids

c)

The rungs of the DNA ladder

d)

The building blocks of proteins

115.

Where are chromosomes stored in a cell?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Cell membrane

116.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleotide acid

b)

Dioxyribonucleic acid

c)

Ribonucleic acid

d)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

117.

Where are proteins made in a cell?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Nucleus

118.

What is the process of making proteins called?

a)

DNA replication

b)

Cell division

c)

Gene expression

d)

Protein synthesis

119.

What are the building blocks of proteins?

a)

Amino acids

b)

Nucleotides

c)

Lipids

d)

Carbohydrates

120.

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Mitosis

121.

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

122.

Match the following reasons with their corresponding statements about why transcription must occur where DNA can be found.

a)

because DNA can't leave

1.

Transcription happens in the nucleus since the genetic material remains inside.

b)

because ribosomes are in the nucleus

2.

Transcription is not dependent on ribosomes being present in the nucleus.

c)

because DNA polymerase is found there

3.

Transcription does not require DNA polymerase, which is used in DNA replication.

d)

because helicase unzips the DNA

4.

Transcription begins after the DNA strands are separated by a specific enzyme.

123.

Which of the following is a codon?

a)
b)

ATG

c)

AUG

d)

AUT

124.

How many codons equals 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

125.

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

126.

On which molecule can an anticodon be found?

a)

mRNA

b)

DNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

127.

Where is the anticodon located?

a)

at the top of the molecule it's found on

b)

at the bottom of the molecule it's found on

c)

on the right of the molecule it's found on

d)

on the left of the molecule it's found on

128.

What is the purpose for anti-codons?

a)

to ensure the correct amino acid is dropped off

b)

to match the strand of DNA

c)

to decode a sequence of 4 nucleotides into an amino acid

d)

to make me hate biology

129.

A polypeptide is a sequence of ____________________ held together by a ______________ bond.

a)

amino acids; peptide

b)

fatty acids; ionic

c)

proteins; hydrogen

d)

fatty acids; covalent

130.

Which two thing are found on a molecule of tRNA?

a)

amino acids; anticodons

b)

amino acids; codons

c)

ribose sugar; proteins

d)

deoxyribose sugar; codons

131.

How do you know when to begin translating a strand of mRNA?

a)

look for AUG

b)

start at the beginning

c)

look for ATG

d)

when Ms. H tells me to

132.

How do you know when to STOP translating a strand of mRNA?

a)

look for STOP on the decoder

b)

stop at the end of the strand

c)

you don't

d)

when Ms. H tells me to

133.

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

a)

AUGCAAUGA

b)

ATGCAATGA

c)

AUGGATUGA

d)

TACGTTACT

134.

TRANSLATE this RNA sequence: AUGCAAUGA

a)

Met-Glu-Stop

b)

Met-His-Stop

c)

Thr-Glu-Stop

d)

Thr-Pro-Stop

135.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
136.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
137.

A DNA nucleotide may be made up of a phosphate group, along with

a)

deoxyribose sugar and uracil

b)

ribose sugar and cytosine

c)

deoxyribose sugar and thymine

d)

ribose sugar and adenine

138.

Which of the following units are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA? (This is the MONOMER of DNA.)

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleotides

c)

fatty acids

d)

polysaccharides

139.

The important enzyme related with transcription is;

a)

gyrase

b)

DNA polymerase

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

ligase

140.

The corresponding DNA for a portion of mRNA coded CUG is (a)   .

Choose from the below words
GAC
GTC
CTG
CAG
141.
A portion of DNA reads GAG. The corresponding mRNA would be
a)
GUG
b)
GTG
c)
CTC
d)
CUC
142.
DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are similar in that they
a)
are both enzymes
b)
both are involved in making new polymers
c)
both can be found doing work in the cell nucleus
d)
all of these things are true
143.
DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase are different in that they
a)
are involved in synthesis of different polymers
b)
DNA is a biological catalyst and RNA is not
c)
DNA polymerase synthesizes proteins and RNA polymerase synthesizes carbohydrates
d)
Stop trying to trick me; none of these are true!
144.
The process of creating RNA using DNA as the template is
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
translocation
d)
Transylvania
145.
In RNA, uracil takes the place of the DNA nitrogen base called
a)
guanine
b)
cytosine
c)
thymine
d)
adenine
146.
The process shown in this image
a)
is called replication
b)
results in a new copy of the DNA
c)
does not happen during mitosis
d)
All of these apply
147.
In eukaryotes, molecule 1 is found in
a)
ribosomes
b)
chloroplasts
c)
cytoplasm
d)
the nucleus
148.
Question Image

Match each cellular structure with the molecule it synthesizes as shown in the diagram.

a)

ribosomes

1.

Molecule 3

b)

chloroplasts

2.

Glucose

c)

the cell membrane

3.

Phospholipids

d)

the nucleus

4.

Molecule 1

149.

DNA strands 1 and 2 are able to separate and rejoin easily due to (a)  

Choose from the below words
the action of RNA polymerase 
the nature of hydrogen bonds
the presence of uracil
Trick question! It is none of these
150.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
151.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
152.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
153.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
154.
Contains the bases adenine, uracil, cytosine and guanine
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Both
155.

Use your codon chart to match the mRNA ACU to the correct amino acid.

a)

Thr

b)

Ala

c)

Val

d)

Gly

156.

Amino Acids are built up to make_______

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

Lipids

d)

Proteins

157.

Use your codon chart to find the amino acid that codes for the mRNA codon GCA

a)

Thr

b)

Ala

c)

Pro

d)

Ser

158.

What does DNA determine?

a)

traits of living things

b)

traits of nonliving things

c)

organization of living things

d)

Did Not Attempt

159.

What are the names of the nitrogenous bases?

a)

adenine

b)

cytosine

c)

thymine

d)

guanine

160.

Adenine always pairs with...

a)

thymine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

adenine

161.

Cytosine always pairs with...

a)

thymine

b)

cytosine

c)

guanine

d)

adenine

162.

What is the shape of DNA?

a)

double helix

b)

single helix

c)

squiggle

d)

twisty step looking thing

163.

Which list is in the correct order from biggest to smallest?

a)

organism-cell-nucleus-chromosome-DNA-gene

b)

gene-DNA-chromosome-nucleus-cell-organism

c)

organism-DNA-cell-gene-chromosome-nucleus

d)

organism--cell-nucleus-gene-chromosome-DNA

164.

What are the x-shaped objects called inside of the nucleus of a cell?

a)

genes

b)

DNA

c)

chromosomes

d)

cocodrilo peludo que sonríe

165.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
166.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
167.
The principle shown in the image is called what?
a)
Transcription
b)
The Central Dogma
c)
Translation
d)
The Principle of Proteins
168.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

169.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
170.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
171.

A permanent change in the DNA sequence

which can affect a single gene or group of genes

a)

Homeostasis

b)

Somatic Cell

c)

Chromosomal Mutation

d)

Gene Mutation

172.

One nucleotide base is changed so only one amino acid

is affected

a)

Frameshift Mutation

b)

Substitution Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Inverse Mutation

173.

A frameshift mutation is which of the following?

a)

Point mutation

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

d)

Subtitution

174.

THEBIGFATREDCATSAT is normal, what is this:

THEBIGFATREDATSAT

a)

Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

175.

The following image are examples of ________________.

a)

Mutagens

b)

Mutaitons

c)

Chromosomes

d)

Germ Cells

176.

What is a gamete?

a)

a body cell (ex. skin or heart cell)

b)

an autosome

c)

a sex cell (ex. sperm or egg)

d)

a somatic cell

177.

Which of the following is an example of a somatic cell?

a)

egg cells

b)

stomach cells

c)

sperm cells

d)

gametes

178.

Which shows a insertion mutation from the following DNA strand:

GATCATGTA

a)

GATCATCTA

b)

GATCATGGTA

c)

GATATGTA

d)

GATCATGTA

179.

Which statement is correct?

a)

DNA is translated into mRNA; mRNA is transcribed into a sequence of amino acids (proteins). Proteins give us our traits

b)

DNA is transcribed into mRNA; mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids (proteins). Proteins give us our traits

c)

mRNA is transcribed into DNA; DNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids (proteins). Proteins give us our traits

d)

DNA is transcribed into tRNA; tRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids (proteins). rRNA give us our traits

180.

What is the Central Dogma of Biology?

a)

b)

c)

d)

181.

Which of the following statements is true?

a)

Transcription occurs in the mitochondria while Translation occurs in the chloroplast

b)

Translation occurs in the nucleus while Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm

c)

Transcription occurs in the nucleus while Translation occurs in the cytoplasm

d)

Translation occurs in the mitochondria while Transcription occurs in the chloroplast

182.

DNA molecules separate into single strands which are then used to construct two identical strands of DNA. This process ensures genetic-

a)

consistency

b)

variability

c)

diversity

d)

reduction

183.

Study the sentences describing the steps of protein synthesis. Which sequence places the steps in the correct order?

1. Transfer RNA picks up individual amino acids and carries them to the ribosome.

2. Ribosomal RNA bonds mRNA and tRNA.

3. A single strand of DNA serves as a template for making mRNA.

4. Messenger RNA carries the sequence of nucleotides to the ribosomes.

5. A protein is synthesized.

a)

2,5,3,4,1

b)

3,4,1,2,5

c)

3,2,4,5,1

d)

2,4,1,5,3

184.

A biologist collects DNA samples from two sisters. The younger sister has blond hair. The older sister has red hair. The sisters have different traits because their DNA contains different —

a)

orders of nucleotides

b)

types of sugar molecules

c)

sized phosphate groups

d)

types of nitrogenous bases

185.

The diagram shows a disorder of chromosome 15. Which of the following identifies the type of chromosomal mutation that has occurred on the bottom strand (pictured above).

a)

Duplication

b)

Inversion

c)

Deletion

d)

Insertion

186.

A segment of a DNA strand is shown.

3' AGGTCAGGT 5'

Which of these is the correct complementary DNA strand for the segment shown?

a)

5' UCCAGUCCA 3'

b)

5' AGGTCAGGT 3'

c)

5' TCCAGACCA 3'

d)

5' TCCAGTCCA 3'

187.

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

a)

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

b)

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

c)

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine.

d)

The mRNA strand is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine.

188.

The model shows a mutation to a partial sequence of bases in a gene. Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

a)

Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Substitution

189.

Exposure to the building material asbestos has been linked to certain types of cancers. Asbestos causes mutations in the p53 gene, which controls tumor suppression.

Which statement best explains why people with cancer due to asbestos exposure do not pass the mutation on to their offspring?

a)

The mutation occurred in gametic cells.

b)

The mutation occurred in somatic cells.

c)

The mutation is recessive.

d)

The mutation is sex-linked.

190.

A sequence of a DNA template strand is shown.

'3 TAC TTC GTC ATG 5'

Explain how to use the mRNA Codon Chart provided and write the amino acid sequence that would be produced with this template.

a)

Tyr- Phen- Val- Met

b)

Met- Lys- Glut- STOP

c)

Tyr- Phen-Val- STOP

d)

Met- Lys- Glut- Tyr

191.

A mutation causes the following change in DNA.

Original DNA sequence:

TACGCATGGAAT

DNA sequence after mutation:

TACGTATGGAAT

The amino acid substitution that will result from this point mutation is (a)   .

Choose from the below words
Histidine is replaced by Arginine
Tyrosine is replaced by Threonine
Arginine is replaced by Histidine
Arginine is replaced by Methionine
192.

The diagram below shows the process of translation. Which of the following describes the role of structure 2?

a)

carries amino acids to a ribosome

b)

directs the order of amino acids in a protein

c)

attaches amino acids to each other in a protein

d)

acts as a catalyst in controlling chemical reactions

193.

What components make up the backbone of the DNA molecule?

a)

Purine and Deoxyribose

b)

Pyrimidines and purines

c)

deoxyribose and phosphate groups

d)

phosphate groups and pyrimidines

194.

Students are modeling mRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the mRNA strand being transcribed?

a)

The mRNA strand is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine

b)

The mRNA is complementary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine

c)

The mRNA is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine

d)

The mRNA is an exact copy of the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine

195.
The building blocks of DNA are _____________. 
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
deoxyribose and phosphate
d)
ribose and phosphate
196.
The type of bonds that hold nitrogen bases together in a molecule of DNA are _____________________. 
a)
hydrogen bonds
b)
covalent bonds
c)
ionic bonds
d)
james bonds
197.
When comparing DNA and RNA, all of the following are differences EXCEPT:
a)
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded.
b)
DNA is locked in the nucleus and RNA can leave the nucleus.
c)
RNA has Uracil and DNA has Thymine.
d)
DNA has Ribose and RNA has Deoxyribose. 
198.
A scientist looks at a single strand of DNA and notices that it has 55 thymines. What could the scientist conclude about the number of adenines on the opposite strand of DNA? 
a)
There would be 45 adenines.
b)
There would be 100 adenines.
c)
There would be 55 adenines.
d)
There would be 25 adenines.
199.
The enzyme responsible for "proof reading" DNA during DNA replication is _________________.
a)
Helicase
b)
Lactase
c)
DNA Polymerase
d)
RNA Polymerase
200.
DNA replication occurs in the _______________ of the cell. 
a)
ribosome
b)
cytoplasm
c)
endoplasmic reticulum
d)
nucleus
201.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
202.
In a semi-conservative model of DNA replication, which of the following is true?
a)
The daughter DNA molecule consists of 1 parent strand and 1 new strand
b)
The daughter DNA molecule consists of 2 parent strands
c)
The daughter DNA molecule consists of 2 newly formed strands
d)
The daughter DNA molecule consists of an uneven mix of old and new strands
203.
Which type of RNA delivers the genetic code to the ribosome?
a)
tRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
tmRtmRNA
204.
Which most directly affects the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
a)
the DNA in the nucleus of the cell
b)
the amino acids found in the cytoplasm
c)
the type of cell in which the protein is made
d)
the region of the cell in which the protein is made
205.
Transcription takes place in the 
a)
cytoplasm
b)
chloroplast
c)
nucleus
d)
mitochondria
206.
What amino acid is represented by the codon GGU?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Glycine
d)
Stop codon
207.
What is the job of tRNA in protein synthesis?
a)
It is the blueprint of the genetic code
b)
it reads the mRNA
c)
it brings Amino Acids to the ribosome
d)
it is not involved in protein synthesis
208.
What RNA molecules are involved in protein synthesis?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
all answers are correct!
209.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine

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