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WorksheetsGCSE PE Applied Anatomy and Physiology
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 38mins
What is the natural hormone released to speed heart rate up?
Adrenaline
Insulin
Thyroxine
Glucagon
What does 'aerobic' mean in the context of exercise?
With oxygen. When exercise is not too fast and is steady, the heart can supply all the oxygen that the working muscles need.
Without oxygen. When exercise is very fast and the heart cannot supply enough oxygen to the muscles.
A type of exercise that only uses strength and no endurance.
Exercise that only involves stretching and flexibility.
Summarise the aerobic respiration equation: glucose + oxygen → ______ + carbon dioxide + water.
energy
chlorophyll
starch
alcohol
What is the aerobic training zone?
The aerobic training zone allows the aerobic system to be trained. To define aerobic training zone: 1. Calculate maximum heart rate (220 bpm) minus age: 220-age 2. Work at 60-80% of maximum heart rate.
The aerobic training zone is when you work at 90-100% of your maximum heart rate.
The aerobic training zone is only used for strength training, not cardiovascular fitness.
The aerobic training zone is defined as working below 40% of your maximum heart rate.
What is the muscle or group responsible for the movement called?
Agonist (prime mover)
Antagonist
Synergist
Fixator
What is an altitude?
A geographical area (of land) which is over 2,000 m above sea level.
A type of weather phenomenon.
A measurement of temperature.
A type of soil found in deserts.
What is traditional altitude training?
Training at altitude where there is less oxygen. The body adapts by making more red blood cells to carry oxygen. The additional oxygen carrying red blood cells is an advantage for endurance athletes returning to sea level to compete.
Training at sea level with increased oxygen supply to boost muscle growth.
Training in high humidity environments to improve sweat response.
Training with heavy weights to increase muscle mass.
What is altitude sickness?
Nausea caused by training at altitude.
A type of food poisoning.
A skin condition caused by cold weather.
A muscle injury from running.
What are alveoli?
Air sacs in the lungs.
Blood vessels in the heart.
Muscles in the legs.
Bones in the arms.
What does 'anaerobic' mean in the context of exercise?
Without oxygen. When exercise duration is short and at high intensity, the heart and lungs cannot supply blood and oxygen to muscles as fast as the respiring cells need them.
With oxygen. When exercise duration is long and at low intensity, the heart and lungs supply blood and oxygen efficiently.
A type of exercise that only uses fat as fuel.
Exercise that only occurs underwater.
What is the term for acts to produce the opposite action to the agonist? They work in antagonistic pairs.
Antagonist
Synergist
Agonist
Fixator
Where two or more bones meet to allow movement at a joint is called ________.
Articulating bones
Ligaments
Cartilage
Tendons
Veins have structures that stop blood from moving in the wrong direction. What are these structures called?
Valves
Capillaries
Arteries
Villi
Which term describes the force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels? The two main types are systolic and diastolic.
Blood pressure
Osmotic pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Pulse rate
What is the name of the sequence of events that includes the contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart?
Cardiac cycle
Pulmonary circuit
Systemic circuit
Respiratory cycle
The volume of blood pumped by the heart with each beat is known as ________.
Stroke volume
Cardiac output
Blood pressure
Heart rate
The pain felt in the muscles the day after exercise is known as ________.
Delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS)
Acute muscle fatigue
Muscle cramp
Tendonitis
The amount of oxygen needed to recover after exercise, sometimes referred to as oxygen debt, is called ________.
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
Anaerobic threshold
Basal metabolic rate
Lactic acid accumulation
To breathe out is to ________.
Expire
Inhale
Perspire
Admire
A feeling of extreme or severe tiredness due to a build-up of lactic acid or working for long periods of time is called ________.
Fatigue
Euphoria
Hydration
Flexibility
Which component of blood is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues?
Haemoglobin
Chlorophyll
Insulin
Keratin
Which of the following best describes the function of the heart chambers?
They receive and pump blood to different parts of the body.
They filter waste from the blood.
They produce hormones for the body.
They store oxygen for the body.
What is heart rate?
The number of times the heart beats (usually measured per minute).
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one hour.
The pressure of blood against the walls of arteries.
The amount of oxygen carried by the blood.
What is hypertrophy?
The enlargement of an organ or tissue from the increase in the size of its cells.
The reduction in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
The process of cell death in an organ or tissue.
The transformation of one type of cell into another.
What is the meaning of the word 'inspire'?
To take in air.
To dance quickly.
To run fast.
To draw a picture.
What is isometric contraction?
Muscle contraction where the length of the muscle does not alter. The contraction is constant, ie pushing against a load.
Muscle contraction where the muscle shortens while lifting a load.
Muscle contraction where the muscle lengthens while lowering a load.
Muscle contraction where the muscle alternates between shortening and lengthening rapidly.
What is isotonic contraction?
Muscle contraction that results in limb movement: concentric contraction - shortening of the muscle; eccentric contraction - lengthening of the muscle.
Muscle contraction that does not result in any change in muscle length.
Muscle contraction that only occurs during sleep.
Muscle contraction that results in muscle fatigue without movement.
How is maximal heart rate calculated?
Calculated by: 220-age
Calculated by: 200-age
Calculated by: 180-age
Calculated by: 250-age
What is recovery?
Time required to repair the damage to the body caused by training or competition.
The process of increasing muscle mass through exercise.
The act of preventing injuries during sports activities.
The method of improving endurance by running long distances.
What is residual volume?
Volume of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration.
Volume of air inhaled during a normal breath.
Volume of air exhaled during forced expiration.
Volume of air exchanged during tidal breathing.
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
It supports and protects the organs of the body.
It produces digestive enzymes.
It regulates body temperature.
It helps in the exchange of gases.
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air inspired or expired/exchanged per breath.
The amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
The pressure exerted by air in the lungs during inhalation.
The total volume of air the lungs can hold.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that could be breathed in after tidal volume.
The amount of air left in the lungs after forced expiration.
The total volume of air the lungs can hold.
The volume of air exchanged during normal breathing.
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The amount of air that could be breathed out after tidal volume.
The amount of air left in the lungs after forced expiration.
The total volume of air that can be inhaled after normal inspiration.
The volume of air exchanged during normal breathing.
What is residual volume?
The amount of air left in the lungs after maximal expiration.
The amount of air inhaled during normal breathing.
The total lung capacity after forced inspiration.
The volume of air exchanged during tidal breathing.
What is stroke volume?
The volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle during one contraction.
The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of arteries.
The amount of oxygen carried by red blood cells.
The rate at which the heart beats per minute.
What is viscosity?
Thickening of the blood.
Ability to conduct electricity.
Rate of evaporation of a liquid.
Measure of temperature.
What is a synovial joint?
An area of the body where two or more bones meet (articulate) to allow a range of movements.
A type of muscle found only in the heart.
A joint that does not allow any movement between bones.
A cavity filled with bone marrow.
What is the role of the synovial membrane in a synovial joint?
Secretes synovial fluid.
Provides structural support to the joint.
Connects muscles to bones.
Absorbs shock during movement.
What is the role of synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
Provides lubrication.
Transmits nerve impulses.
Stores calcium.
Produces red blood cells.
What is the role of the joint capsule in a synovial joint?
Encloses/supports the joint.
Produces synovial fluid.
Connects muscle to bone.
Absorbs shock during movement.
What is the role of bursae in a synovial joint?
Reduce friction.
Provide nutrients to cartilage.
Connect bones together.
Produce synovial fluid.
What is the role of cartilage in a synovial joint?
Prevents friction/bones rubbing together.
Produces red blood cells.
Stores calcium.
Connects muscles to bones.
What is the role of ligaments in a synovial joint?
Attach bone to bone.
Attach muscle to bone.
Produce synovial fluid.
Absorb shock.
Which one of the following statements is false?
The scapula, cranium and tibia are bones in the body.
Rotation occurs at ball and socket joints.
Ligaments attach bone to muscle.
The skeleton stores minerals in the body.
What are the two bones in the lower arm?
Ulna and radius
Ulna and humerus
Radius and humerus
Humerus and clavicle
What type of movement is used at the elbow when a basketball player is releasing the ball to take a set shot?
Rotation
Extension
Flexion
Abduction
Which of the following statements is false?
The skeleton gives body shape and support.
The skeleton gives protection to vital organs.
The skeleton produces red and white blood cells
The skeleton is made up of three different skeletons- axial, appendicular and articular.
Which are the following statements is true?
The quadriceps and triceps are a muscle pair.
The deltoid is situated in the shoulder.
The hamstring is situated in the lower leg.
There are two types of muscle in the body.
What is the muscle in the upper back called?
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectorals
Trapezius
Gluteals
What muscle causes the knee to bend whilst a hockey player is dribbling with a ball and running down the pitch?
Gastrocnemius
Quadriceps
Hamstring
Gluteals
What order does a first class level follow?
Fulcrum Load Effort
Load Fulcrum Effort
Load Effort Fulcrum
Load Fulcrum Load
When bowling in cricket the movement at the shoulder travels through which plane of movement?
Frontal
Sagittal
Transverse
Multi-planar
When performing a cartwheel in gymnastics which axes of rotation is being used?
Frontal
Longitudinal
Multi axes
Transverse
Which of the following statements is false?
A stabiliser for the origin of the prime mover.
Also known as the secondary mover.
An insertion point where a muscle attaches to a bone.
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the body are:
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries
Venules
Haemoglobin is found in:
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Plasma
Platelets
What sport is most likely to be an anaerobic exercise?
100m race
Hockey match
Handball match
800m race
The joint type at the knee is a ________________ joint.
hinge
ball-and-socket
pivot
gliding
The role of ________________________ is to reduce friction and act as a shock absorber.
cartilage
bone
ligament
muscle
The muscles situated in the upper leg are ________________ and _________________
quadriceps, hamstrings
biceps, triceps
deltoids, pectorals
gluteals, abdominals
The ______________ causes adduction and flexion at the shoulder joint.
pectoralis major
deltoid
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
When two muscles work together to create movement- it is called an _______________________________.
antagonistic pair
muscle fiber
tendon connection
joint action
When the fulcrum sits in the middle of the lever system is called a ___________________.
first class lever
second class lever
third class lever
fixed pulley
When completing a sprint race the leg action in running works in the ____________ plane.
sagittal
frontal
transverse
coronal
The __________________ axis runs vertically through the midpoint of the body.
longitudinal
transverse
sagittal
horizontal
__________________________ is when you can move a large output with a smaller effort.
mechanical advantage
friction
gravity
velocity
________________ carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.
arteries
veins
capillaries
valves
Gas exchange takes place in the _____________ where oxygen moves into the body and carbon dioxide is removed.
alveoli
bronchi
trachea
diaphragm
During anaerobic exercise ____________________ is produced.
lactic acid
oxygen
carbon dioxide
glucose
Describe the role of the ligaments.
Ligaments connect bones to other bones and provide stability to joints.
Ligaments produce red blood cells in the body.
Ligaments store energy for muscle contraction.
Ligaments transport oxygen throughout the body.
Which of the following are three functions of the skeleton?
Support, protection, and movement
Digestion, respiration, and circulation
Hormone production, excretion, and absorption
Vision, hearing, and taste
The function of the trapezius is:
to elevate, retract, and rotate the scapula
to flex the elbow joint
to extend the knee joint
to adduct the thigh
The function of the triceps is:
to extend the elbow joint
to flex the knee joint
to rotate the wrist
to abduct the shoulder
The sagittal plane divides the body into which of the following sections?
Left and right sections
Front and back sections
Upper and lower sections
Diagonal sections
The role of the capillaries is to:
Transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues and remove waste products.
Pump blood throughout the body.
Carry blood away from the heart.
Store blood for emergencies.
