Epithelial tissue function

Connective tissue function

Muscle tissue function

Nervous tissue function

Cover body surface and lines internal organs (cells are tightly packed and ready to divide)

Widely distributed throughout the body (have good blood supply, cells far apart with extracellular matrix in between)

Attached to bones, in the walls of hollow internal organs (able to contract in response to stimuli)

Brain, spinal cord, nerves (cells communicate with each other in different body parts)

Closes space between cells by fusing cell membranes together

Binds cells by forming spot welds between cells

Form tubular channels between cells that allow exchange of substances

Single layer of flattened cells, filtration, diffusion, osmosis, lines air sacs of lungs and walls of capillaries

Single layer of cube-shaped cells, protection, secretion, absorption, lines surface of ovaries & kidneys

Secrete fluid products by exocytosis; salivary and sweat glands, pancreas

Lose small part of cell during secretion; mammary and ceruminous glands

Release entire cells filled with product; sebaceous glands

Most abundant tissue by weight, contains abundant extracellular matrix between cells

Widely distributed, large, star shaped cells; secretes proteins that become fibers

Motile cells sometimes attached to fibers; clear foreign particles from tissues by phagocytosis

Large cells, usually located near blood vessels; releases substances that may help prevent blood clotting

Thick, threadlike fibers of collagen with great tensile strength

Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin; provides elastic quality to structures

Thin fibers of collagen, form delicate supportive networks within tissue

Nonfibrous proteins and other molecules; fills in spaces around fibers and cells

Thin, delicate membrane; fibroblasts in gel-like ground substance, beneath epithelia in subcutaneous layer

Adipocytes store fat, push nuclei to one side, beneath skin, behind eyeballs, in spaces between muscles

A flexible connective tissue of cells and protein

Parallel collagen fibers that are densely packed together, attaches muscles to bone and attaches bone to bone. Works under stressful conditions when pulling and pushing for movement.

The connective tissue that connects muscles to bone is called

Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types. Contain cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and white blood cells. Wraps and cushions organs as well as release immune cells when needed to fight pathogens. Plays a huge role in inflammation responses. Found all throughout the body under the epithelial lining

Which component of the extracellular matrix provides tensile strength and resistance to stretching?

What type of Connective tissue is found at the ends of bones to reduce friction?

Covers the ends of bones where bones come together to form joints; also found in the nose.

Binds skin to underlying organs and organs to organs by forming thin membranes throughout the body.

Rigid, specialized connective tissue that protects underlying tissue and models for developing bone

Very tough due to many collagen fibers, absorbs shock (intervertebral discs, pads of knee, pelvic girdle)

Most rigid connective tissue, composed of minerals, protects vital structures and produces blood cells, forms skeleton, contain osteocytes

Bone-forming cells

Mature bone cells

Dense outer layer of bone tissue, contains osteons

Osteocytes + matrix + central canal forms cylindrical units called

Porous bone tissue found at the ends of long bone and inner layers of other bones

Blood cells that transport gases

Blood cells that defend against infection

Blood cells that help in blood clotting

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?

The tissue which is uninucleated and branched.

What type of muscle can you control? (voluntary)

Long, striated cells with many nuclei; voluntary movements of skeletal parts, located in muscle attached to bones

Short, central nucleus cells; involuntary movements of internal organs, located in walls of hollow internal organs

Branched, single cell nucleus; heart movements, located in heart muscle

Lines body cavities that don't open to the outside of the body, covers organs

Lines cavities and tubes that open to outside of the body, goblet cells secrete mucus

Covers body surface, part of integumentary system

The primary function(s) of the skin is to_________?

The epidermis is made up of how many layers?

Which layer is the top layer of the epidermis?

The stratum basale is which layer of the epidermis?

The dermis contains which of the following?

The hair follicle is found:

Sebaceous glands refer to

The majority of the blood vessels are found in the __________ skin layer.

Tough, fibrous, water-proof protein made and stored in cells

Found in stratum spinosum, phagocytes; protects skin and underlying tissue from infection

Found in stratum basale, sensory receptors for light touch

Found in stratum basale, produce the pigment melanin, absorbs UV light

Superficial layer of dermis, contains areolar connective tissue and dermal pappilae (forms fingerprints)

Deep layer of dermis, contains dense irregular connective tissue

Visible portion of keratinized cells of the nail

Active growth region, not visible, at proximal end of nail bed

Surface of skin under nail plate

Half-moon shaped region that lies over nail matrix

Tube-like depression of epidermal cells from which hair develops; extends into dermis or subcutaneous layer

Extends from skin surface to dermis or hypodermis

Deepest part of hair root

Portion of hair that extends beyond skin surface; consists of dead epidermal cells

Contains blood vessels to nourish hair

Attached to hair follicle, contracts in response to fear or cold, causes goosebumps

• Holocrine glands, usually associated in hair follicles. 

• Produces sebum, which consists of fatty material and cellular debris. Sebum keeps hair and skin soft and waterproof. Excess sebum can result in acne; absent on palms and soles 

• Widespread in skin, originate in deeper dermis or hypodermis as ball-shaped coils 

• types: eccrine, apocrine, specialized 

• Most numerous, consist mainly of water, some salts, waste. Respond to elevated body temperature; open to body surface through pores 

• axillary and groin areas; open into hair follicles. Secrete through exocytosis; responds to emotion, pain 

• - Thermoreceptors signal hypothalamus  

• - Vasodilation of dermal blood vessels 

• - Vasoconstriction of deep blood vessels 

• - Sweat glands are activated 

• - Thermoreceptors signal hypothalamus 

• - Vasoconstriction of dermal blood vessels 

• - Vasodilation of deep blood vessels 

• - Sweat glands are inactive 

• - Muscles contract involuntarily (shivering)  

primary method of heating, infrared heat rays travel from warmer skin to cooler environment 

heat moves from warmer skin to cooler objects it is in contact with

heat loss from skin into circulating air currents 

heat is lost through sweat as it evaporates, and carries heat away from the skin

• injures only epidermis, as in sunburn; redness, heat, inflammation 

• healing takes days to weeks; no scarring 

• Destroys epidermis and some dermis, as in burn from hot liquid 

• May blister, healing varies with severity of the burn and stem cell survival 

• stem cells in hair follicles and glands can help regenerate skin 

• Destroys epidermis, dermis, & accessory structures 

• Can scar, unable to fully recover and heal 

Chambers occupied by osteocytes

Tiny passageways through which the cell processes of osteocytes exchange nutrients and wastes

Expanded end of long bone, made up of spongy bone, covered by articular cartilage

Bone shaft of long bone, walls composed of compact bone

Between epiphysis and diaphysis of long bone, widening part

Encloses bone; dense connective tissue

Hollow chamber in diaphysis, contains bone marrow, lined with endosteum

Blood cell formation

70% of bone matrix consists of inorganic mineral salts, the most abundant being crystals of

Process of bone formation or replacement of tissue

Process where hyaline cartilage converts to bone

Process of replacing embyronic tissue with intramembranous tissue

Break down bone, responsible for resorption

Layers of hyaline cartilage found in children/adolescents that allow bones to grow in length

Rounded process that usually articulates with another bone

Narrow, ridge like projection

Projection situated above a condyle

Small, nearly flat surface

Opening through a bone that provides passageway for blood vessels and nerves

Relatively deep pit or depression

Tiny pit or depression

Enlargement on the end of a bone

Cleft or groove

Tube-like passageway within a bone

Prominent projection in a bone

Cavity within a bone

Thorn-like projection

Interlocking line of union between bones

Relatively large process

Knob-like process

Knob-like process larger than tubercle