_______________ monarch—leader who is NOT bound by a ______________—COMPLETE power.

Believed in __________________ right—the belief that a leader’s power was given to them by God.

King Louis XVI inherited a lot of ______________ from his predecessors.

Increased the debt helping American colonists fight the British in the __________________ Revolution—Britain and France = Rivals.

By 1787, the French government was ______________________!

Royals spent too much on ______________________.

Corrupt __________________ system.

Late 18th century France was divided into three ____________________.

1st Estate—__________________ officials.

1st Estate—Did not pay ________.

2nd Estate—____________________.

2nd Estate—Almost had complete authority over ________________.

2nd Estate—No required ______________ service.

2nd Estate—Collected __________ from people using roads and markets.

2nd Estate—A.K.A. ______________.

3rd Estate—_____ % of population.

3rd Estate—Paid ______________ to lord, king, and church.

1781—King Louis XVI asked ________________ to help him reform the tax system.

Members of the 1st and 2nd Estates were not paying ________________!

King Louis XVI wanted them to start paying, but they _______________!

Three very bad ________________________.

Peasants and farmers had smaller __________________.

Food prices ________________ sharply.

The poor people __________________.

Estates General—gathering of representatives from all three __________________.

Met outside Palace of __________________ (near Paris) in May 1789.

King Louis XVI—Hoped the Estates General would approve new ______________.

Nobles and Clergy—Hoped to __________________ things so they could continue living their privileged lives.

Middle Classes—Hoped for an English style ________________________.

Peasants—Hoped for ___________________________ to problems.

King Louis XVI did not present __________________ for discussion.

Louis did not have ____________________ of the meeting.

The deputies of the Third Estate grew tired of the arguments over how each other should _______________________.

Declared themselves a National ______________________________.

Since they represented most of the population, they felt they were the “true” ______________________________.

Tennis Court Oath—Pledged not to _____________________ until King Louis agreed to their demands.

A ___________________ mob, hungry due to the lack of food from the poor harvest, took the law into their own hands.

July 14th, 1789—The mob rioted and attacked the royal fortress __________________ called the Bastille.

Saw the Bastille as a ______________ of everything wrong with France.

Killed the ____________________ of the prison, Marquis de Launay.

After the Bastille, violence spread throughout the French ____________________.

Rumors spread that feudal lords hired robbers to ___________________ peasants.

Not true, but sparked fear leading peasants to rise up against their __________________.

Feudal _______________________ were destroyed (Lord’s Papers showing who owed what).

Throughout France, peasants took part in widespread attacks on the chateaux and ______________________ of their lords.

No more church __________________.

Nothing about the rights of _____________ or the position of slaves.

By September, 1789, the Assembly, with the King’s approval appointed new middle class officials, elected by the ___________________, to take charge of the local government—called _____________________.

The National Assembly presented their new reforms and the Declaration of Rights to the King, who ________ to acknowledge them.

This lack of support from King Louis XVI angered many in France, who were anxious for more ________ and equality.

Women’s March on Versailles: An angry mob of mostly women marched on Versailles, demanding ________ at a fair price.

Women’s March on Versailles: Due to pressure and the mob surrounding his home, King Louis XVI moved to ________ to show support for the National Assembly.

Women’s March on Versailles: King Louis XVI eventually passed the new ________, so the National Assembly began the process of creating a new Constitution.

A New Constitution (1789–1791): Over the next ________ years, the members of the Three Estates and the Assembly worked together to hammer out a new constitution for France.

A New Constitution—Main Features: Assembly—Elected every ________ years, by men who paid a certain level of taxes.

A New Constitution—Main Features: Active Citizens—About ________ of the male population—allowed to vote.

Marie Antoinette: Louis XVI’s ________.

Marie Antoinette: Brother was the ________ Emperor.

Marie Antoinette: The subject of many rumors of ________ affairs, expensive clothes, and overspending.

Marie Antoinette: Criticized for the way she interfered with Louis’ attempts to ________ the country.

Escape Attempt (June 20–21, 1791): Louis XVI and his family attempted to escape to Montmedy, near the ________ Netherlands.

Escape Attempt—Problem #2: The bodyguards were easily recognizable ________.

Escape Attempt—Problem #3: There were ________ people, but 5 listed on the passport.

Escape Attempt—Problem #4: Louis was ________ on the route to Varennes. Louis’ advisors suggested he use his bodyguards to ________ their way through the mob, but Louis refused.

June 22nd, 1791: Louis and his family were ________ and brought back to Paris.

On their return to Paris, the crowd along the way jeered them, but once in Paris, Louis and his family were greeted with a grim ________.

Anyone who applauded the King was beaten, and anyone who insulted him was ________.

The Assembly decided to keep Louis as their ________ Monarch—a monarch who has to obey the rules of a constitution.

September 3rd, 1791: The constitution was proclaimed and Louis swore an ________ of loyalty to it.

September 30th, 1791: The National Assembly declared its works ________.

1792—France worried ________ would try to reinstate King Louis XVI to the throne as an ________ monarch, so they felt compelled to protect their new republic.

War had devastating effects on France. Food ________ and poverty threatened to tear the country apart.

Louis’ Arrest (August 13th, 1792): Louis XVI arrested and sent to the Temple, an ancient Paris fortress used as a ________.

A Republic is Born (1792–1793): National Convention met in ________ to define the form the French government would take.

A Republic is Born: Decided to do away with the monarchy and establish a ________.

A Republic is Born: Wanted to grant all men the right to vote, whether they paid ________ or not.

September 21st, 1792: National Assembly declares France a republic and abolished the ________.

December 11th, 1792: ________ brought to hear indictment in front of the Assembly.

December 11th, 1792—Charges: High ________ (betraying one’s country).

King Louis XVI’s Trial (December 1792): Louis could have lawyers, but could not call ________ for the defense.

King Louis XVI’s Trial: Case heard by the National Convention, whose deputies acted as judge and ________.

Verdict—January 15th, 1793: Jury of deputies question—Was Louis guilty? 693 deputies answered ____________.

Verdict—January 15th, 1793: What should the punishment be? 321—prison or exile, 374— ____________________.

Execution—January 21st, 1793: 1,200 foot soldiers to surround Louis’ ____________________.

Louis’ Preparation: Met with _______________ the night before.

Execution timeline: 10:00 a.m.—Louis arrived at the ____________________.

Execution timeline: 10:22 a.m.—Louis was ____________________.

A Revolution in Trouble: ________________________ all over Europe were concerned with the events in France.

A Revolution in Trouble: The natural ____________________ that had existed in Europe for centuries had been disrupted.

A Revolution in Trouble: Their nations, ____________________, and lives could be in trouble!

A Revolution in Trouble: Joined together to fight France to avoid ____________________ from spreading to their nations.

A Revolution in Trouble: Soldiers sent from Great Britain, the Netherlands, ________________, and Sardinia to fight against French revolutions.

A Revolution in Trouble: French government was forced to have a ________________ to get soldiers to fight.

Started a ______________ War in Western France where Royalists were angry their sons were having to fight in a war they did not support.

There was a fierce debate and growing ________________ among the different political parties in the National Convention, threatening to tear the young, fragile government apart.

The Reign of Terror: Thousands suspected of anti-revolutionary activities or helping France’s ____________________.

The ________________________. Leading political party in France, ________________________, determined to crush any resistance to their new nations.

August 1793: The Jacobins declared “__________________ is the order of the day.”

By late summer, many areas of France were ____________________ against the new radical Jacobin government, threatening stability in France.

The Convention took ______________________ measures.

The Convention set up a Committee of ______________________.

A fear of ______________________ grew in France following revolution and war, leading to another measure, revolutionary ______________________ (court).

Neighborhood watches were established to find anyone who was not ______________________.

One of the first to be executed was Marie Antoinette, the former ______________________.

More than __________ were officially guillotined, but many others were shot, drowned, or put to death some other way.

Committee of Public Safety: Controlled by the Jacobins, led by Maximilien ______________________.

Maximilien Robespierre: 1780s—Became ______________________; defended poor.

Robespierre spoke out against slavery and ________________ penalty.

Robespierre became leading ______________________ member.

1793–94—Robespierre had many ________________________.

July 28th, 1794—Guillotined with ______ of his closest supporters.

Lyons, France: A Jacobin ordered 300 people to be executed by ______________ fire as the guillotine was “too slow.”

Post–Reign of Terror: ____________ lost power.

____________________ gained more attention when he put down a pro- Royalist group in Paris

Napoleon __________ control of France in the "coup d'etat"

Sold ____________ to the USA for 15 million dollars.

December 2, 1804 Napoleon crowned himself ____________ of France.

Napoleon's 1st major mistake occurred when he decided to invade _______________.