If you shake your head "no" what kind of rotation is that?

Where each semicircular canal joins the vestibule, there is a swelling called the _____ that contains a(n) _____, which detects angular motion in the semicircular canals.

During head rotations, the spike rate of neurons in the semicircular canals _____, with the degree of change in firing rate signaling the amplitude of the rotation.

The otolith organs consist of the _____ which allow us to detect _____.

In what part of the brain is the vestibular cortex located?

What is the implication of brain pathways that send signals from cortex back to the vestibular nuclei?

The reason that videos shot with handheld camera seem so shaky and hard to follow is because when we see something with our own eyes, out _____ allows us to compensate for our own motion and maintain a steady image on the retina.

The term for rotation around the x-axis is _____, rotation around the y-axis is _____, and rotation around the z-axis is _____.

If you close your eyes and rotate your head from side to side, as if to say "no," you are experiencing _____, which is registered by your _____.

When participants stand on a tilted platform and then indicate which direction is "up" using a handheld haptic indicator, how do they do at this task?

Which brain area processes vestibular information?

When you drive forward in a car, the motion you experience is called _____ translation.

Suppose you are wearing virtual reality goggles and there is a delay between when you turn your head and when the computer updates the display in the goggles. This creates a(n) _____ that might result in motion sickness.

Semicircular-canal neurons respond to _____ and _____, but not _____.

Which five organs make up the vestibular system?

_____ typically result(s) from a disagreement between the motion and orientation signals provided by the semicircular canals, otolith organs, and vision.

Which mechanoreceptors have large receptive fields and fast adaptation rates?

_____ fibers carry information from proprioceptive receptors in muscles and tendons and have the fastest neural conduction rate

Which touch pathway from skin to brain carries information about skin temperature and pain?

According to gate control theory, the _____ pain signals from _____ can be blocked via a circuit located in the spinal cord.

The areas on your body that have small two-point touch thresholds are the ones that have _____ receptive fields.

Which tactile cue is important for determining the fine texture of objects via touch?

Which of the following has been established as the frame of reference for touch, also known as the haptic egocenter?

Which functionality would be most affected if you lost your FA II (Pacinian) touch receptors?

If you pick up a novel object that you've never seen before and run your fingers along it to get a better sense of its shape, you are engaging in

If you stick your hand in a bucket of ice water for a few moments you will most likely feel both cold and pain sensations. Which pathway, from the spinal cord to the brain, carries this information?

Which functionality would be most affected if you lost your FA I (Meissner) touch receptors?

Nociceptors transmit information about

The term for rotation around the x-axis is _____, rotation around the y-axis is _____, and rotation around the z-axis is _____.

The story of soldiers in battle who did not feel painful wounds until the stress was over describes a reduction of pain sensations know as

Suppose you hit your shin on a piece of furniture and it starts to hurt. Which theory explains why rubbing your shin might make it hurt less?

Which sensation would you become insensitive to if you lost your thermoTRP receptors?

Suppose you reach into the depth of your backpack without looking and find a pencil using your sense of touch alone. You have just engaged in _____ perception.

When you walk into the kitchen and smell an apple pie cooking, you are using _____ olfaction.

While you are chewing a bite of apple pie, the flavor you experience is largely due to _____ olfaction.

When we smell menthol and it feels cool, that "feeling" information is carried by the _____.

The small, voliaile, hydrophobic molecules that we smell are called _____.

When we inhale through our nose, odorants land of the _____, where they are first sensed by _____.

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) pass through tiny holes in the bony _____, which is why a sharp blow to the head could potentially sever the axons of the OSNs, causing anosmia.

Which answer lists the pathway from odorant to odor perception in the correct order?

_____ is the idea that different scents activate different arrays of olfactory receptors, and that the firing pattern of olfactory bulb neurons determines the particular scent we perceive.

An example of the method of limits, the _____ uses increasing concentrations of an odorant until the participant can "smell something" and then decreasing concentrations until the participant reports no detection. Concentrations at which the participant's perception revers are averaged to determine the threshold.

In the _____, the participant is given two odorants that are the same and one that is different, and the participant must determine which odorant is different than the other two.

Which of the following age groups would we expect to have the poorest sense of smell, on average?

Walking into a hair salon and no longer smelling the chemicals after a few minutes is an example of _____ while not noticing the smell of your house unless you've been out of town for a few weeks is an example of _____.

Why is olfaction unique among all of the senses in terms of its neural wiring?

If you taste the fruit characteristics of a fine wine, what kind of olfaction are you engaging in?

Suppose a person's olfactory system is "rewired" such that olfactory signals pass through the thalamus and are processed more in the left hemisphere of the brain. What might be a consequence?

If your friend is wearing a new perfume and you decide you really like it, you have just made a _____ judgement.

Specific anosmia and the study of stereoisomers provide evidence against the _____ theory of olfactory perception.

Suppose you enter a hair salon and the smell of the hair dyes and other chemicals is very strong and distinctive at first. However, after a few minutes you no longer smell those chemicals. What process is responsible for this phenomenon?

Sometimes odorants can stimulate the somatosensory system through polymodal nociceptors. These sensations are mediated by the _____, which transmits information about the "feel" of an odorant.

_____ form part of the deepest layer of cells in the olfactory bulb. They comprise an extensive network of inhibitory neurons, integrate input from all the earlier projections, and are thought to be the basis of specific odorant identification.

Meet John. All food tastes pretty bland to him, he can only sense the sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, or sourness of food, but none of the other complexities. What is the best diagnosis for John?

The cilia are

The liking dimension of odor perception is called _____.

The fact that California ground squirrels exhibit an instinctive defense response the very first time they are exposed to the odor of the Pacific rattlesnake, a natural predator, is evidence that some odor preferences may be ______.

Which of the following elements defines the difference between taste and flavor?

If you had a cold, which of the following symptoms would make food seem to be rather flavorless?

Which type of papillae have no taste function?

Which part of the brain is known as the gustatory cortex?

In terms of the four basic tastes, _____ are mediated by ion channels, whereas _____ are mediated by protein receptors.

Which of the four taste sensations evolved to make sure we have enough sodium in our bodies to keep cells functioning?

Which of the four taste sensations evolved to allow us to sense any acids that we ingest?

Which of the four taste sensations evolved to allow us to sense any toxic chemicals that we might have ingested?

Which of the four taste sensations evolved to allow us to sense glucose, the principle source of energy in humans?

One of the major reasons that people do not consider umami one of the basic tastes is that _____?

One of the major reasons that people do not consider fat one of the basic tastes is that _____?

People who are supertasters tend to eat _____ leafy green vegetables than average.

If you accidentally consume a poisonous food, what will it probably taste like?

Chewing and swallowing force an odorant emitted by the mouth up behind the palate into the nose, which causes one to experience _____ sensation of the odor perceived.

Which of the following is not considered to be basic taste?

The gustatory system is responsible for

Which of the following is evidence that taste preferences are genetically determined?

If you take a bland food like tofu and add some acid to it, it will taste

If a glass of water undergoes a chemical reaction, such that it has more hydrogen ions in it, it will taste

Which papillae could be completely removed from the tongue (hypothetically) with no impact on taste?

If you are stung by a honeybee, many other bees nearby may be cued to sting you because the first bee emitted a(n)

Which taste receptors do fat molecules stimulate?

What is the role of the dorsal horn in our sensation and perception of pain?

The sense of _____ registers motion resulting from rotation.

The sense of _____ registers head inclination with respect to gravity.

The sense of _____ registers motion resulting from translation.

Anesthesia of the chorda tympani causes

Which of the following is not a type of papillae?

_____ are mushroom-shaped structures distributed most densely on the edges of the tongue, especially the tip.

_____ are the small structures on the tongue that have no taste function and are responsible for its bumpy appearance.

Nature, responding to temperature, touch, smell, and taste, and is critical for assigning affective value to stimuli.

_____ is the taste quality produced by the hydrogen ion in foods

If you adjust the brightness of a light until it matches the intensity of sourness of that taste of a lemon, you are engaging in

The _____ is a narrow space at the back of the nose into which air flows and where the main olfactory epithelium is located

The cilia are

The _____ is a bony structure riddled with tiny holes, at the level of the eyebrows, which separates the nose from the brain

Each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) converges onto two

While all mammals appear to have plenty much the same set of olfactory receptor genes, some genes in each species are _____ and are not expressed.

Cutting onions makes you cry because chemicals in the onions

The vibration theory of olfaction contends that

The processing of components in an odorant mixture is completed by using

Equal intensity that span olfactory physiochemical and psychological (perceptual) space are mixed. The resultant odor percept is the same as every other mixture of 30 odorants meeting the span and equivalent intensity criteria, even though the various mixtures do not share any common odorants

_____ is the biochemical phenomenon, occurring after continual exposure to an odorant, whereby receptors stop responding to an odorant and detection ceases.

The _____ reflex is the term for eye movements that compensate for rotations of the head to maintain fixation on an object.

The neural processes of posture control by which weight is evenly distributed, enabling us to remain upright and stable, is called

_____ are the mechanical structures in the vestibular system that sense both linear acceleration and gravity.

_____ is an illusory sense of self motion produced when one is not, in fact, moving.

When you switch from lying down to standing up, which system or structures(s) is/are responsible for regulating the blood pressure in your head so that you don't faint?

Which brain area processes vestibular information?

If you spend the day at the ocean playing in the waves, you might experience an illusory sense of rocking motion while you are falling asleep at night. This is known as

Which term describes the perception of the position and movement of our limbs in space?

Mechanoreceptors that have a fast adaptation rate and large receptive field size are called

Low-frequency vibrations from about 5 to 50 Hz, such as are produced when an object slips from one's grasp, and they terminate in Meissner corpuscles.

The figure demonstrates the locations of four types of

The _____ pathway is the route from the spinal cord to the brain that carries signals from skin, muscles, tendons, and joints

In the brain, the _____ is associated with the perceived unpleasantness of pain sensation

The A-delta and C fibers are types of

_____ are narrow-diameter, unmyelinated sensory nerve fibers that transmit signals from pleasant touch.

_____ perception is knowledge of the world that is derived from sensory receptors in skin, muscles, tendons, and joints, and usually involves active exploration.

Frame of reference is used to _____ while _____ describes the center of a reference frame