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Agri 3100- Exam 3b (chp 14 & 15)

Total questions: 95

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which sits closer to the base of the heart the left atrium or the right ventricle?

a)

Left Atrium

b)

Right Ventricle

2.

What is the pacemaker of the heart and where is it located?

a)
The pacemaker is the atrioventricular (AV) node, found in the left ventricle.
b)
The heart's pacemaker is the bundle of His, located in the interventricular septum.
c)

The pacemaker of the heart is the sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the upper wall of the right atrium.

d)
The pacemaker of the heart is the Purkinje fibers, situated in the left atrium.
3.

List the four conductors that make up the rapid conduction system for an impulse created by the heart's pacemaker.  

a)

Sinoatrial node, bundle of branches, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers

b)
Atrioventricular junction, Bundle of branches, Purkinje network, Sinoatrial fibers
c)
Sinoatrial bundle, Atrioventricular bundle, His fibers, Cardiac nodes
d)
Atrial node, Ventricular node, Bundle branches, Cardiac fibers
4.

What is systole?

a)
Systole is the relaxation phase of the heart.
b)
Systole is the phase when blood fills the heart chambers.
c)
Systole is the contraction phase of the heart.
d)
Systole refers to the heart's electrical activity.
5.

What is diastole?

a)
Diastole is when blood is ejected from the heart.
b)
Diastole is the relaxation phase of the heart cycle.
c)
Diastole refers to the heart's pumping action.
d)
Diastole is the contraction phase of the heart cycle.
6.

The first heart sound, abbreviated S1 is commonly referred to as what sound? When is it produced?

a)

lub; When the tricuspid and mitral valves snap shut at the beginning of ventricular contraction.

b)

click; When the tricupsid and mitral valves snap open at the beginning of ventricular relaxation.

c)
pop
d)
thud
7.

The second heart sound, abbreviated S2 and commonly referred to as what sound? When is it produced?

a)
thud
b)
bump
c)

thump; at ventricular contraction when the aortic and pulmonary valves snap open

d)

dub; at ventricular relaxation when the aortic and pulmnary valves snap shut

8.

What is valvular insufficiency? 

a)
Valvular insufficiency is when blood flow is completely blocked.
b)
Valvular insufficiency is a condition where a heart valve fails to close completely, causing backward blood flow.
c)
Valvular insufficiency refers to a heart valve that is too tight.
d)
Valvular insufficiency is a type of heart valve surgery.
9.

What is valvular stenosis? 

a)
Valvular stenosis is the narrowing of a heart valve, which impedes blood flow.
b)
Valvular stenosis is the thickening of heart muscle tissue.
c)
Valvular stenosis is the dilation of a heart valve, allowing more blood flow.
d)
Valvular stenosis is the inflammation of heart valve tissues, causing pain.
10.

Stroke volume (SV) is the measure of what?

a)
The amount of oxygen consumed by the body.
b)
The total volume of blood in the circulatory system.
c)
The rate of heartbeats per minute.
d)

The measure of blood pumped out of it’s left ventricle with each contraction..

11.

What is the P wave on an ECG?

a)
The P wave indicates atrial depolarization.
b)
The P wave indicates heart rate variability.
c)
The P wave shows atrial repolarization.
d)
The P wave represents ventricular contraction.
12.

What is the QRS Complex on an ECG?

a)
The QRS complex indicates atrial repolarization.
b)
The QRS complex shows the heart rate variability.
c)
The QRS complex is related to blood pressure changes.
d)
The QRS complex is the part of an ECG that represents ventricular depolarization.
13.

What is the T wave on an ECG?

a)
The T wave represents ventricular repolarization on an ECG.
b)
The T wave indicates atrial depolarization on an ECG.
c)
The T wave shows ventricular contraction on an ECG.
d)
The T wave reflects heart rate variability on an ECG.
14.

What is an ECG (electrocardiogram)?

a)
An ECG is a device that pumps blood through the heart.
b)
An ECG is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.
c)
An ECG is a scan that visualizes the heart's structure.
d)
An ECG is a procedure to measure blood pressure levels.
15.

What is an ECHO (echocardiogram)?

a)
An ECHO is a blood test that measures cholesterol levels.
b)
An ECHO (echocardiogram) is a test that uses ultrasound to visualize the heart's structure and function.
c)
An ECHO is a procedure that checks lung capacity and function.
d)
An ECHO is a type of MRI used for brain imaging.
16.

Why are the hyaline cartilage rings important to the function of the trachea?

a)
The hyaline cartilage rings help in the production of mucus in the trachea.
b)
The hyaline cartilage rings allow for greater flexibility in the trachea.
c)
The hyaline cartilage rings keep the trachea open and prevent collapse.
d)
The hyaline cartilage rings assist in the absorption of oxygen in the trachea.
17.

What is the mediastinum and what organs and structures are located there? A

a)
The mediastinum includes the liver, kidneys, and spleen.
b)
The mediastinum houses the lungs, stomach, and pancreas.
c)

The central part of the chest cavity that serves as a protected pathway. It holds the lungs, heart, major blood vessels, trachea, lymph nodes thymus and esophagus.

d)
The mediastinum is a part of the brain containing the cerebellum.
18.

Which main pulmonary blood vessel contains bright red, high-oxygen blood? Why?

a)

The pulmonary vein, because it carries blood from the lungs where it has just picked up oxygen.

b)
Coronary veins
c)
Aorta
d)
Pulmonary arteries
19.

What are the main inspiratory muscles?

a)
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles
b)
Scalene muscles and trapezius
c)
Sternocleidomastoid and rectus abdominis
d)
Abdominal muscles and pectoralis major
20.

What are the main expiratory muscles?

a)
External intercostal muscles and diaphragm.
b)
Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles.
c)
Pectoral muscles and latissimus dorsi.
d)
Serratus anterior and trapezius muscles.
21.

Why is negative intrathoracic pressure important to breathing? What happens if it is lost?

a)
Negative intrathoracic pressure helps in lung expansion; if lost, lung volume increases.
b)

Negative intrathoracic pressure keeps the lungs inflated and allows them to expand and contract. If it’s lost, the lungs will collapse.

c)
Positive intrathoracic pressure is crucial for gas exchange; if lost, oxygen levels rise.
d)
Negative intrathoracic pressure aids in exhalation; if lost, breathing becomes easier.
22.

What 4 structures are part of the lower respiratory tract?

a)
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
b)
larynx, pharynx, trachea, diaphragm
c)
bronchioles, pleura, larynx, diaphragm
d)
alveoli, pleura, trachea, bronchi
23.

What 5 structures are part of the upper respiratory tract?

a)

Nose, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, and larynx.

b)
Nasal cavity, larynx, aorta, pharynx, lungs
c)
Nasal passage, esophagus, diaphragm, alveoli, lungs
d)
Mouth, trachea, stomach, bronchi, diaphragm
24.

What is a pneumothorax?

a)
A pneumothorax is a condition where air enters the pleural space, leading to lung collapse.
b)
A pneumothorax is a surgical procedure to remove lung tissue.
c)
A pneumothorax is a condition where fluid accumulates in the lungs.
d)
A pneumothorax is a type of lung infection caused by bacteria.
25.

What are the functions of chemical respiratory control systems?

a)
Control heart rate by adjusting blood pressure and temperature.
b)
Regulate digestion by monitoring nutrient levels and enzymes.
c)
Manage sleep patterns by influencing melatonin and cortisol levels.
d)
Regulate breathing by monitoring CO2, O2, and pH levels to maintain homeostasis.
26.

What are the functions of the mechanical respiratory control systems?

a)

The functions of the mechanical respiratory control systems include monitor physical aspects like lung stretch, airway size and timing of breathing.

b)
Controlling heart rate and blood pressure
c)
Facilitating nutrient absorption in the lungs
d)
Regulating body temperature and hydration levels
27.

What is pulmonary circulation?

a)
Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood within the heart only.
b)

Pulmonary circulation is the movement of blood between the heart to the lungs.

c)
Pulmonary circulation refers to blood movement in the digestive system.
d)
Pulmonary circulation is the exchange of gases in the brain.
28.

What is systemic circulation?

a)
Systemic circulation is the movement of lymph throughout the body.
b)

Systemic circulation is the circulation of blood between the heart to the rest of the body.

c)
Systemic circulation refers to the exchange of gases in the lungs.
d)
Systemic circulation is the flow of blood within the heart only.
29.

Where is the heart located?

a)
The heart is located in the pelvic cavity.
b)
The heart is located in the cranial cavity.
c)
The heart is located in the abdominal cavity.
d)
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity.
30.

What part of the heart is directed crainally?

a)
Apex of the heart
b)
Right atrium
c)
Left ventricle
d)
Base of the heart
31.

What part of the heart is directed caudally?

a)
Right ventricle
b)
Left atrium
c)
Apex of the heart
d)
Base of the heart
32.

What fibrous sac is the heart enclosed in?

a)
pericardium
b)
epicardium
c)
myocardium
d)
endocardium
33.

What is the fluid inside the pericardium called?

a)
Pericardial serum
b)
Pericardial liquid
c)
Pericardial plasma
d)
Pericardial fluid
34.

How many chambers does the heart have?

a)
5
b)
3
c)
4
d)
2
35.

What does the atria do?

a)

The atria pumps blood into the heart.

b)
The atria store oxygen for the heart.
c)
The atria filter toxins from the blood.
d)
The atria pump blood to the body.
36.

Function of the ventricles?

a)
The ventricles filter waste from the blood.
b)
The ventricles receive blood from the lungs.
c)
The ventricles store blood for later use.
d)
The ventricles pump blood out of the heart.
37.

What type of blood does the right atrium receive and where does it get sent to?

a)

Deoxygenated blood; to the pulmonary artery

b)

Carbon dioxide-rich blood; to the pulmonary vein

c)

Nutrient-rich blood; to the kidneys

d)

Oxygenated blood; to the pulmonary artery

38.

What type of blood does the left ventricle receive and where does it get sent to?

a)
Deoxygenated blood; sent to the lungs.
b)

Oxygenated blood; sent to the lungs

c)
Oxygenated blood; sent to the aorta.
d)
Deoxygenated blood; sent to the aorta.
39.

What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?

a)
bicuspid valve
b)
tricuspid valve
c)
pulmonary valve
d)
aortic valve
40.

What valve is between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

a)
Tricuspid valve
b)
Aortic valve
c)
Mitral valve
d)
Pulmonary valve
41.

What valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artety?

a)
Aortic valve
b)
Mitral valve
c)
Tricuspid valve
d)
Pulmonary valve
42.

What valve is between the left ventricle and the aorta?

a)
Aortic valve
b)
Pulmonary valve
c)
Mitral valve
d)
Tricuspid valve
43.

Heart wall layers from outermost to innermost?

a)
Epicardium, Pericardium, Endocardium
b)
Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
c)
Pericardium, Myocardium, Endocardium
d)
Epicardium, Myocardium, Peritoneum
44.

Order of blood flow through the heart (with valves)?

a)

Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → pulmonary veins → Left atrium → Mitral valve → Left ventricle → Aortic valve → Aorta

b)
Right ventricle → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Left atrium → Aortic valve → Left ventricle → Tricuspid valve → Right atrium → Mitral valve → Pulmonary valve
c)
Left atrium → Mitral valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Aorta → Lungs → Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Pulmonary arteries → Left ventricle
d)
Right atrium → Aortic valve → Left ventricle → Pulmonary arteries → Lungs → Right ventricle → Tricuspid valve → Left atrium → Mitral valve → Aorta
45.

What is the heart's pacemaker?

a)
Sinoatrial (SA) node
b)
Purkinje fibers
c)
Bundle of His
d)
Atrioventricular (AV) node
46.

Order of impulse conduction in the heart?

a)
Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers → AV node → SA node → Right and Left Bundle Branches
b)
AV node → SA node → Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers → Right and Left Bundle Branches
c)
Right and Left Bundle Branches → SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers
d)

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje Fibers

47.

Formula for cardiac output?

a)
Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) - Heart Rate (HR)
b)
Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)
c)
Cardiac Output (CO) = Heart Rate (HR) + Stroke Volume (SV)
d)
Cardiac Output (CO) = Stroke Volume (SV) / Heart Rate (HR)
48.

What is stroke volume?

a)
The amount of oxygen consumed by the body during exercise.
b)
The pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the arteries.
c)
The volume of blood ejected by the heart in one contraction.
d)
The total volume of blood in the circulatory system at rest.
49.

What are capillaries the site of?

a)
The site of hormone secretion.
b)
The site of exchange of gases and nutrients.
c)
The site of waste storage.
d)
The site of blood cell production.
50.

What closes after birth?

a)
Placenta
b)
Amniotic sac
c)

Fetal membranes, ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus

d)

foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus

51.

Common venipuncture sites in small animals?

a)
radial vein
b)
brachial vein
c)
Cephalic vein, jugular vein, saphenous vein, femoral vein
d)
subclavian vein
52.

What is external respiration?

a)
External respiration is the process of cellular metabolism in tissues.
b)
External respiration refers to the absorption of nutrients in the intestines.
c)
External respiration is the movement of air within the digestive system.
d)

External respiration is the exchange of O2 and CO2 inhaled into the lungs and blood in pulmonary capillaries.

53.

What is internal respiration?

a)
Internal respiration is the process of breathing air in and out.
b)
Internal respiration is the conversion of glucose into energy in cells.
c)
Internal respiration refers to the intake of oxygen from the atmosphere.
d)

Internal respiration is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in systemic capillaries and tissues of the body.

54.

Secondary functions include:

a)

voice production, body temp, acid-base regulation and smell.

b)
Primary responsibilities and core functions.
c)
Basic operations and maintenance duties.
d)
Administrative tasks and routine procedures.
55.

What does panting do?

a)

Panting cools the body by increasing evaporation of fluids to cool circulating blood.

b)
Panting improves vision.
c)
Panting helps with digestion.
d)
Panting increases heart rate.
56.

What is the normal blood pH?

a)

normal: 7.4 ; range: (7.35 to 7.45)

b)

Normal: 7.0 to 7.3; range: (7.35 to 7.45)

c)
6.8 to 7.2
d)
7.5 to 7.8
57.

What does the upper respiratory tract include?

a)

Nose, Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea

b)

Nose, Nasal Passages, Mouth, esophagus, stomach

c)
Trachea, bronchi, lungs
d)
Sinuses, diaphragm, alveoli
58.

What does the lower respiratory tract include?

a)
The nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
b)
The esophagus, stomach, intestines, and liver.
c)

The alveolar ducts, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.

d)
The diaphragm, pleura, mediastinum, and heart.
59.

What are the cartilage structures of the larynx?

a)

Epiglottis, artenoid, thyroid, cricoid

b)
Hyaline matrix, reticular cartilage, articular cartilage
c)
Cartilage matrix, bone cartilage, synovial cartilage
d)
Elastic tissue, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue
60.

What is bronchodilation?

a)
Bronchodilation is the contraction of the air passages in the lungs.
b)
Bronchodilation refers to the inflammation of lung tissues.
c)
Bronchodilation is the narrowing of the airways in the respiratory system.
d)
Bronchodilation is the widening of the air passages in the lungs.
61.

What is bronchoconstriction?

a)

Bronchoconstriction is the narrowing (contracting) of the airways in the lungs.

b)
Bronchoconstriction is the blockage of blood vessels in the lungs.
c)
Bronchoconstriction is the expansion of the airways in the lungs.
d)
Bronchoconstriction refers to the inflammation of lung tissue.
62.

What fluid lines the alveoli and prevents collapse?

a)
Interstitial fluid
b)
Surfactant
c)
Blood plasma
d)
Mucus
63.

What is the hilus?

a)

The hilus is the entry and exit point for blood vessels, air, lymph and nerves.

b)
The hilus is a region where hormones are produced.
c)
The hilus is a type of connective tissue in the body.
d)
The hilus is a structure that stores nutrients in an organ.
64.

What is tidal volume?

a)

Tidal volume is the volume of air breathed in or out during one breath.

b)
Tidal volume is the amount of air exchanged during forced expiration.
c)
Tidal volume refers to the maximum air inhaled after a normal exhalation.
d)
Tidal volume is the total lung capacity during deep breathing.
65.

What is minute volume?

a)
Minute volume is the total lung capacity.
b)
Minute volume is the amount of air in the lungs.
c)

Minute volume is the volume of air moved in and out in 1 minute.

d)
Minute volume is the rate of blood flow in the body.
66.

What is residual volume?

a)
Residual volume is the total lung capacity after deep inhalation.
b)
Residual volume is the amount of air exchanged during normal breathing.
c)
Residual volume is the volume of air left in the lungs after maximal exhalation.
d)
Residual volume is the air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal breath.
67.

What is breathing controlled by?

a)
The diaphragm (muscle contraction)
b)
The heart (blood circulation)
c)
The lungs (gas exchange)
d)

The medulla oblongata

68.

What is the patient placed in for the ECG?

a)

right lateral recumbancy

b)
sitting position
c)
standing position
d)
prone position
69.

What is applied to the leads that are placed directly on the skin?

a)

alcohol, electrode gel

b)
Moisturizing lotion
c)
Electrode pads
d)
Adhesive tape
70.

What is the abnormal ECG rhythm?

a)
Fibrillation
b)

Atrial Fib

c)
Tachycardia
d)
Bradycardia
71.

Which heart chamber makes up the major mass of the heart?

a)
Right ventricle
b)
Left ventricle
c)
Left atrium
d)
Right atrium
72.

What is a nasopharynx?

a)
The nasopharynx is a part of the ear canal.
b)
The nasopharynx is the lower part of the throat.
c)
The nasopharynx is a section of the digestive tract.
d)
The nasopharynx is the upper part of the pharynx located behind the nose.
73.

What is the oral pharynx?

a)
The oropharynx is a section of the nasal cavity.
b)
The oropharynx is the upper part of the esophagus.
c)
The oropharynx is the part of the throat located behind the mouth.
d)
The oropharynx is the area above the larynx.
74.

What are semi-lunar valves?

a)
Semi-lunar valves are responsible for pumping blood to the brain.
b)

Semi-lunar valves are the aortic and pulmonary valves

c)
Semi-lunar valves are located in the lungs to regulate airflow.
d)
Semi-lunar valves are found in the veins to assist with blood flow.
75.

Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome anatomy cause

a)

elongated soft palate, narrowed nostrils, everted laryngeal saccules, tracheal collapse

b)
Environmental influences causing airway issues.
c)
Genetic factors unrelated to airway structure.
d)
Normal airway structure without any abnormalities.
76.

What is the fluid in which all the elements of the cardiovascular system live?

a)
Plasma
b)
Blood
c)
Lymph
d)
Serum
77.

What is also known as the windpipe?

a)
bronchus
b)
esophagus
c)
larynx
d)
trachea
78.

Thin, scroll like bones that fill the nasal cavity?

a)
Nasal septum
b)
Nasal turbinates
c)
Nasal passages
d)
Nasal conchae
79.

The force by which blood is ejected from the left ventricle into systemic circulation by way of the aorta?

a)
Diastolic blood pressure
b)
Systolic blood pressure
c)
Cardiac output
d)
Pulmonary artery pressure
80.

What is the largest vein in the body?

a)

vena cava

b)
Superior vena cava
c)
Pulmonary vein
d)
Femoral vein
81.

Blind pouch that comes off the main part of the atria (looks like an ear flap)

a)
Septum
b)
Ventricle
c)
Auricle
d)
Atrium
82.

Exchange of CO2 and O2 occurs across

a)
bronchi
b)
trachea
c)
capillaries
d)

2 layers of simple squamous

83.

In a relaxed state, the diaphragm assumes a dome shape with

a)

a convex surface facing the cranial direction

b)
a triangular shape
c)
a spiral shape
d)
a flat shape
84.

How are the lungs of a pig divided?

a)
The lungs of a pig are solid and unstructured.
b)
The lungs of a pig are divided into sections.
c)
The lungs of a pig are shaped like a single balloon.
d)

3 left lobes, 4 right lobes

85.

Blood entering the lungs from the heart is dark b/c

a)

high sodium and calcium ions

b)
it is oxygenated.
c)
it is rich in nutrients.
d)
it is warm and bright.
86.

Phonation in an animal begins in the larynx

a)
Trachea
b)
Pharynx
c)
Larynx
d)
Bronchi
87.

Contraction of the main mass of ventricles represented by

a)
Atrial contraction
b)
Ventricular diastole
c)
Cardiac relaxation
d)

R wave

88.

What is the space between the tracheal rings composed of?

a)
Smooth muscle fibers
b)
Cartilage tissue
c)

smooth muscle

d)
Adipose connective tissue
89.

What species if most prone to asthma attacks?

a)

humans

b)
Dogs
c)
Rabbits
d)

Felines

90.

Which part of the caridiac conduction system is in the interventricular septum

a)
Atrioventricular node
b)
Sinoatrial node
c)
Bundle of His
d)
Purkinje fibers
91.

The volume of blood the ventricle receives from the atrium is called?

a)

Preload

b)
Cardiac output (CO)
c)
Stroke volume (SV)
d)
End-systolic volume (ESV)
92.

Sinuses are the outpouchings of

a)

the nasal passages

b)
the ears
c)
the mouth
d)
the throat
93.

Tricuspid valve stenosis results when the tricuspid valve

a)

Does not open completely during systole

b)
is functioning normally.
c)
is completely absent.
d)
is excessively thickened.
94.

What change in the heart causes the S2 heart sound

a)
Relaxation of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
b)
Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
c)
Contraction of the heart muscle during systole.
d)
Opening of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
95.

The equine pulse point found on the mandible near the angle of the jaw is which artery

a)
maxillary artery
b)
lingual artery
c)
temporal artery
d)
facial artery

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