The higher the pka of an anesthetic, the ____________ the onset of action

The concentration gradient is the relationship between relative amounts of ions inside and outside the membrane

_________ is responsible for making sure that dental hygienists maintain professional competency, credentials, and continuing education requirement fulfillments.

The cell body of the ______ neurons are located at the terminal arborization.

Local anesthetics inhibit ___________ to prevent nerve cell stimulation

The stimulation of Beta 2 receptors relax bronchial smooth muscles causing the bronchi to dilate.

While providing maintaining oral health and preventing diseases, the dental hygienists may encounter unanticipated and problematic outcomes.

The nerves that conduct signals AWAY from the brain are called

Membrane potential is the difference between the electrical charge on the outside and inside of the cell.

The qualified health care provider corresponds directly with the exposed health care worker as not to violate HIPPA

If there is a local complication, the type of complication, when and why it occurred, the patient's response and any home care instructions given should be documented.

Benzocaine exists almost entirely in its base form making the absorption into circulation________.

_____________ is a nerve fiber type responsible for pain related to temperature.

A dental hygienist must meets the standard of care sets by other practitioners with similar training means that the hygienist is expected to gain knowledge and skills throughout her career.

Local anesthetic agents prevent repolarization

The incidence of occupational exposure is NOT reduced for the experienced clinician.

The axon is made up of cytoplasm and surrounded by multiple lipid membrane.

All of the following is true regarding mepivacaine 3% plain, except:

The collection of preanesthetic data guides the hygienist in determining the need of medical consultation, modification of dental care plan and appropriateness of administering local anesthetic.

All of the following are best practices to reduce patient's anxiety about dental treatment, except:

For local anesthetic containing vasconstrictors, the MRD is determined by the drug that reaches the MRD FIRST (limiting factor)

Absorption of epineprhine may take hours because of the drug's vasoconstriction properties.

The properties of vasoconstrictors are all of the following, except:

Possible localized adverse effects of topical anesthetics are_______

The use of local anesthetic WITH a vasoconstrictor helps to obtain adequate pain control.

A patient with significant heart disease warrants the inclusion of vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic solutions.

An undesirable side effect of epinephrine is/are_____________

Local anesthetics with vasoconstrictor are ABSOLUTE contraindication for a patient that experienced an allergic reaction in the past.

The standard local anesthetic cartridge contains ______ of solution

Smaller-gauge needles provide LESS tissue deflection during deep injection penetration.

Sheath needle before and immediately after injection WILL NOT help prevent infection when administering local anesthetic.

The MRD depends on the patient's health

Epinephrine helps to reduce systemic toxicity and increased the duration of anesthetic because it reduces the rate of absorption.

What is the maximum recommended dose of Oraqix in one dental session?

Patients with uncontrolled systemic disease are NOT normally seen for nonsurgical periodontal therapy.

The majority of health conditions ABSOLUTELY contraindicate the administration of vasoconstrictors.

A clinical sign of syncope is ___________

Cardiovascular signs of toxicity are myocardial depression and cardiac dysrhythmias.

The MRD of epinephrine for a cardiac patient is ______and levonordefrin for the same patient is __________

Nitrous oxide is useful to diminish gag reflex and to take x-rays and impressions

When there is mild toxic overdose, the proper treatment should be to protect the patients, monitor the vitals and give oxygen.

MRD of local anesthetics are decreased for elderly BUT NOT for children

1:50,000 is safer than 1:200,000 of epinephrine for a patient who is cardiovasculary compromised.

_________ is used to reverse soft tissue anesthesia

How many milligrams of lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine can a healthy 90 kg patient receive?

A patient comes back the day after a dental treatment stating that he has some swelling on his face. You should tell your patient that this is not related to the dental anesthesia because any complications or adverse effects happen ONLY at the moment of the injection.

If a patient MRD is 300 mg and 102 mg of mepivacaine 3% plain has been administered, how much more can you still administer?

How much epinephrine is in one cartridge of 1:100,000?

What is the maximum number of cartridges a cardiac patient can receive of 1:100,000 epinephrine?

_________ is a buffer that creates an anesthetic solution isotonic.

All local anesthetic used same colors and there is a uniform guidelines for the color of needle shields.

Vasoconstrictors are NOT an absolute contraindication for a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism.

To obtain the most benefit from topical anesthetics, a fairly substantial amount of it should be places on the cotton tip applicator. It should stay for 5-10 minutes on the area where local anesthesia will be administered.

If a substantial amount of topical anesthetics is applied, it can mix with saliva and numb the tongue and soft palate.

Advantage of topical anesthetics are_____,_______ and_______

Local anesthetic drug amounts are expressed in ______ while vasoconstrictor amounts, such as epinephrine are expressed in ______.

The most commonly used anesthetic in dentistry is __________

The __________ is the weakest part of the needle

Oraqix is in liquid form in the cartridge. It will gel when it is inside the periodontal pocket.

Benzocaine is a commonly used ESTER topical anesthetic.

____________ is a inherited syndrome that is triggered by the exposure of certain drugs for general anesthesia and the neuromuscular blocking agent succinylcholine.

Benzocaine topical anesthetics exist almost entirely in its BASE form, making absorption into circulation SLOW.

_____________ is when a drug should NOT be administered to a patient under any circumstances.

Long needles are required for inferior alveolar block Gow-Gates and infraorbital injections.

Mepivacaine 3% is a plain formulation that is _________- acting.

After absorption of local anesthetics into bloodstream, they are distributed throughout the body. Highly vascular organs (heart, kidneys, etc.) have higher concentrations of anesthetics.

Topical anesthetics is achieved to a depth of approx. 2-3 mm into the tissue.

The routine maintenance of the reusable syringe includes thorough cleaning and sterilization

An anesthetic has frozen when there are bubbles larger than 2 mm inside the cartridge.

When applying anesthesia, the clinician can use the PATIENT'S ARM to rest the syringe-holding arm.

Anbesol with benzocaine, an over-the-counter product CANNOT be safely used by all family members.

_______, _________, and can cause pain during injection.

A common mistake that beginners make when first learning giving local anesthesia is_________________

PSA injection can be used in recare appointments because the maxillary molars are the first teeth that can get periodontal disease.

When you are going to apply maxillary anesthesia and you encounter exostosis, you should_____________

The pterygoid venous plexus is an area of concern when administering PSA because it is highly vascular.

The__________ renders the molecule water soluble, the___________ determines if the molecule is an ester or amide, and the ______________ improves the lipid solubility of the molecule.

The first division of the trigeminal nerve is the ophthalmic nerve

The PSA nerve innervates maxillary second and third molars and the maxillary tuberosity is one landmark for the injection on this nerve.

The most commonly injection for cosmetic dental procedure on the maxillary anterior teeth is the ______________

Numbness and tingling are RELIABLE indicators that profound anesthesia has occurred.

When you are planning to do an SRP on half of the mouth, the ________and _________ are given first, then ________ and __________ injections. This will give time for the entire mandibular arch to become anesthetized.

The sensory information for the teeth and associated tissues is provided by the trigeminal (V) nerve.

The _______ anesthetizes the upper lip and face, maxillary anterior teeth and has a 3-4 minute deposition period.

If there is a DOUBLE mandibular canal on the x-ray, the injection site for the IA block should be INFERIOR to the usual anatomic landmark.

Lingual shock may occur when needle passes by the __________ during the inferior alveolar (IA) block.

The periodontal ligament injection enters the alveolar bone. The supraperiosteal and infiltrations injections do not enter the alveolar bone.

The correct order to anesthetize 2 right quadrants is ______________

The mylohyoid nerve may serve as an afferent nerve for the mandibular first molar.

With the PDL injection, multirooted teeth DO NOT require an injection for each root.

The __________ is the opening between the mandibular premolar apices.

After initial negative aspiration, the clinician should rotate the syringe 45 degrees to aspirate a second time. This is to ensure that the needle is not located within a blood vessel, and possibly abutting the vessel wall causing a false-negative aspiration.

The incisive foramen is located palatal to the maxillary incisors.

_____________ aspiration is the term when there is a presence of a CLEAR air bubble or NO return after backward of rubber stopper.

___________ aspiration is when blood enters the cartridge after negative pressure is applied.

The bone in the mandibular anterior teeth is less dense than the posterior teeth. Therefore, a supraperiosteal injection may be more successful on the anterior than the posterior.

Depositing anesthetic solution slowly is a safety factor and improves patient comfort.