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WorksheetsMuscular & Skeletal Glossary Terms
Total questions: 78
Worksheet time: 39mins
Which of the following best defines an agonist muscle?
The muscle that causes the major action (prime mover)
The muscle that opposes the major action
The muscle that assists the prime mover
The muscle that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover
Which principle states that if the nerve impulse meets a certain threshold, maximal action occurs in the muscle fibre?
all or nothing principle
graded response principle
refractory period principle
summation principle
Which of the following best defines the anatomical position?
Standing erect, facing forward with arms by the side and palms facing forward
Lying on the back with face upward
Lying on the stomach with face downward
Lying on one side of the body
Which of the following best defines the muscle that relaxes and lengthens to allow movement to occur?
Antagonist
Agonist
Flexor
Extensor
Which of the following is the correct definition of calcium?
A mineral found mainly in the hard part of bones and which is essential for healthy bones and muscle contraction
A mineral important for making hemoglobin in blood
A mineral that helps regulate fluid balance and nerve signals
A mineral that is a major component of table salt
Which of the following is defined as a tough, fibrous connective tissue located at the end of bones and between joints?
cartilage
tendon
ligament
muscle
Which of the following best defines a concentric contraction?
The muscle shortens as force is produced.
The muscle lengthens as force is produced.
The muscle length remains the same as force is produced.
The muscle does not change length or produce force.
Which of the following best defines an eccentric contraction?
When the muscle length lengthens as the force is being produced
When the muscle length stays the same as the force is being produced
When the muscle length shortens as the force is being produced
When the muscle does not change length or force
Which of the following best defines involuntary control of muscles?
It is when you have no conscious control over the muscle's actions.
It is when you can consciously control the muscle's actions.
It is a sudden automatic response to a stimulus.
It is the control of muscles attached to bones.
Which of the following best defines an isometric contraction?
A force is developed but there is no change in the muscle length.
The muscle changes length while contracting against a constant load.
The muscle lengthens while contracting.
The muscle shortens while contracting.
Which of the following is defined as a rigid structure that rotates around a fixed point?
lever
spring
pulley
beam
Fill in the blank: A strong fibrous band of connective tissue that holds together two or more moveable bones or cartilage is called a _______.
ligament
tendon
artery
nerve
Which of the following best defines a motor unit?
Consists of one motor neuron and the muscle fibre it stimulates
The basic contractile unit of muscle fibre
The end of a neuron that communicates with a muscle fibre
The site where a neuron meets a muscle fibre
Fill in the blank: The process of one muscle contracting (agonist) while the other muscle relaxes (antagonist) to create movement is called _______.
reciprocal inhibition
muscle hypertrophy
isometric contraction
synaptic transmission
Which of the following best defines the size principle in skeletal muscle recruitment?
Motor units are recruited from smallest to largest based on the force required.
All muscle fibers contract simultaneously when stimulated.
The force generated by a muscle depends on its length at the time of contraction.
Muscle contraction occurs due to the sliding of actin and myosin filaments.
Fill in the blank: A rigid structure made of bones that provides support, protection and sites to which muscles attach to create movement is called the _______.
skeletal system
nervous system
digestive system
respiratory system
Fill in the blank: The group of muscles that ensures that the joint remains stable during movement is called the _______.
stabiliser
agonist
antagonist
flexor
Fill in the blank: The muscle that assists the agonist to produce the required movement is called a _________.
synergist
antagonist
fixator
extensor
Which type of joint is freely moveable, allows movement in one or more directions, and has a joint capsule?
Synovial joint
Fibrous joint
Cartilaginous joint
Fixed joint
Fill in the blank: A fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones is called a _________.
tendon
ligament
cartilage
fascia
Fill in the blank: The 33 moveable and immoveable bones that make up the vertebral column are called _________.
vertebrae
cartilage
ligaments
tendons
Fill in the blank: The column of irregular bones comprised of three distinct curves that provides the body’s central structure for the maintenance of good posture is called the _________.
vertebral column
pelvic girdle
rib cage
skull
Fill in the blank: Refers to having conscious control of the muscle is called _________.
voluntary control
involuntary control
reflex action
automatic response
Which of the following best defines an acute injury?
An injury that occurs quickly and for which pain and loss of function is immediate
An injury that develops over a long period of time due to repeated stress
An injury caused by repetitive use of a body part
An injury resulting from continuous stress without immediate symptoms
A condition characterised by inflammation of a joint, causing pain and stiffness is called _________
arthritis
osteoporosis
tendinitis
bursitis
Which of the following best defines a chronic injury?
An injury that recurs due to weakness or insufficient rehabilitation
An injury that occurs suddenly due to a specific event
An injury caused by a single traumatic incident
An injury resulting from repetitive stress without proper rest
Which of the following best describes the term cool down?
Low-intensity activity completed at the end of a training session or competition that allows the body to recover faster by increasing the breakdown of metabolic waste products, such as lactic acid, and preventing venous pooling, gradually returning the body to its resting physiological state.
Physical activity performed before exercise to prepare the body for more intense activity.
Training method involving alternating periods of high and low intensity exercise.
Stretching exercises performed without movement, typically held for a period of time.
Which of the following best defines a direct injury?
An injury caused by external force
An injury caused by internal factors
An injury that develops over time
An injury that occurs away from the site of impact
Fill in the blank: An injury caused by internal force is called _________.
indirect injury
direct injury
external injury
acute injury
Fill in the blank: Any damage that occurs to the structures of the muscular or skeletal systems of the body is called _________.
musculoskeletal injury
cardiovascular injury
respiratory injury
digestive injury
A condition in which the bones become weak and thin, and therefore brittle is called _________
osteoporosis
arthritis
rickets
scoliosis
Fill in the blank: When an individual trains in a way that does not allow their body to recover sufficiently, symptoms can include a decrease in physical performance, increased fatigue, persistent muscle soreness, mood disturbances and a feeling of being 'burnt-out'. This is called _________.
overtraining
undereating
dehydration
sleep deprivation
Which of the following best defines an overuse injury?
An injury caused by excessive and repeated use of the same muscle, bone or joint
An injury that occurs suddenly due to a specific event
Pain that persists for a long period of time
A stretching or tearing of ligaments
Fill in the blank: The ability of the muscles, tendons and joints to receive and process stimuli about their position is called _________.
proprioception
respiration
digestion
circulation
Which of the following best defines the process of returning to optimal functioning as well as reducing the chance of re-injury?
rehabilitation
diagnosis
prevention
assessment
Which of the following best defines the use of strapping tape to limit the range of movement in a joint as part of an athlete’s prevention or rehabilitation strategy?
Taping
Bracing
Casting
Splinting
Which of the following best defines the term 'warm up' in the context of a training session?
Activities and exercise undertaken at the beginning of a training session with the aim of preparing the body both physiologically and psychologically for the training session that follows
Activities performed at the end of a training session to help the body recover and return to its resting state
Exercises focused on increasing flexibility and range of motion
Physical activities that primarily increase heart rate and improve cardiovascular fitness
Which type of energy is produced with the presence of oxygen?
aerobic
anaerobic
thermal
nuclear
Which of the following best defines anaerobic energy?
Energy produced without the presence of oxygen.
Energy produced with the presence of oxygen.
Energy produced from heat.
Energy produced from sunlight.
Which of the following best defines anti-doping codes in sport?
Codes established to eradicate the use of drugs and other illegal performance-enhancing methods in sport.
Codes that outline training routines for athletes.
Codes that ensure the safety of athletes during competitions.
Codes that specify the rules of competition in sports.
Which of the following is a drug that acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to stimulate the release of adrenaline and reduces the perception of effort and fatigue?
caffeine
acetaminophen
ibuprofen
diazepam
Which of the following minerals is found mainly in the hard part of bones, is essential for healthy bones, and is also important for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, enzyme activity, and blood clotting?
calcium
iron
potassium
sodium
Which of the following best defines carbohydrate loading?
The manipulation of training and nutrition prior to endurance events to maximise muscle glycogen (carbohydrate) stores.
The process of cycling protein intake to enhance muscle growth.
The adaptation of the body to use fat as a primary energy source during exercise.
The balancing of electrolytes in the body before endurance events.
Which of the following best defines chronic muscular adaptations?
Long-term responses of body systems developed in response to a training program.
Immediate changes in muscles during exercise.
Short-term tiredness after physical activity.
Temporary changes in the cardiovascular system during exercise.
Which of the following is a naturally occurring compound found in skeletal muscles that assists in the regeneration of ATP in the muscle cells?
creatine
glucose
hemoglobin
collagen
Which of the following best defines doping in sports?
The use by, or distribution to, an athlete of certain substances or methods that could have the effect of artificially improving the athlete’s physical and/or mental condition and enhancing their performance.
The process of training to improve athletic performance.
The act of maintaining proper fluid balance in the body.
The guidance provided by a coach to an athlete.
Which type of training moves a joint through its range of movement and can be static or dynamic?
Flexibility training
Strength training
Endurance training
Balance training
Fill in the blank: ______ is a ranking of carbohydrates on a scale from 0 to 100 according to the extent to which they raise blood glucose levels after eating.
glycaemic index
body mass index
calorie count
insulin sensitivity
Fill in the blank: ______ is a synthetically produced drug that mimics the effect of the hormone human growth hormone (HGH).
growth hormone
insulin
testosterone
adrenaline
Fill in the blank: ______ are supplements typically containing a carbohydrate-rich, protein-moderate, low-fat powder formula that can be mixed with water or milk.
liquid-meal supplements
energy drinks
protein bars
vitamin tablets
Fill in the blank: ______ is training that aims to increase muscular power by first stretching a muscle then contracting it in the shortest time possible.
plyometric training
isometric training
aerobic training
resistance training
Fill in the blank: ______ are nutritional supplements used by many athletes to aid in the growth and repair of muscle tissue and cells.
protein supplements
vitamin tablets
energy drinks
carbohydrate bars
What is the definition of resistance training?
Training that aims to build muscular strength, muscular power or muscular endurance by exercising muscles or a group of muscles against a resistance.
Training that focuses only on improving flexibility through stretching exercises.
Training that involves only cardiovascular activities like running and cycling.
Training that is performed without any equipment or external resistance.
What is a sports gel?
Fortified food in a gel form that contains a blend of carbohydrates and protein to provide a large boost of fuel in one serving.
A type of sunscreen used by athletes to protect their skin during outdoor sports.
A cooling ointment applied to muscles after exercise to reduce soreness.
A flavored beverage consumed during sports for hydration.
What are steroids?
Synthetically produced drugs that mimic the effect of the hormone testosterone.
A type of carbohydrate found in plants.
A mineral essential for bone health.
A vitamin required for vision.
What are the five main functions of the skeletal system?
A) Body movement, framework, protection, mineral storage, production of red blood cells
B) Digestion, respiration, movement, protection, mineral storage
C) Body movement, digestion, protection, mineral storage, respiration
D) Framework, protection, mineral storage, digestion, movement
Fill in the blank: The skeletal system provides ______ for the body.
framework
energy
digestion
oxygen
Which of the following is NOT a type of bone listed in the summary?
Round bones
Long bones
Irregular bones
Flat bones
Short bones
Which connective tissues are included in the skeletal system?
A) Cartilage, ligaments, tendons
B) Muscles, nerves, skin
C) Cartilage, muscles, bones
D) Ligaments, nerves, cartilage
Fill in the blank: Synovial joints are classified into six main types via the shape of the bones they articulate and the movements they allow. Name any two types.
Ball and socket, hinge (other correct answers: pivot, saddle, gliding, condyloid)
Fixed and cartilaginous
Fibrous and elastic
Immovable and semi-movable
Fill in the blank: The muscular system has three main functions: to allow movement, to maintain adequate posture, and to maintain ______.
essential bodily functions
body temperature
blood sugar levels
hormone balance
Fill in the blank: The three types of muscle are ______ (involuntary), cardiac (involuntary) and skeletal (voluntary).
smooth
rough
tough
soft
Which of the following is NOT a main arrangement of major skeletal muscles used in physical activity?
Fusiform
Pennate
Convergent
Circular
Fill in the blank: There are two different categories of muscle fibre: fast-twitch fibres and ______ fibres.
slow-twitch
medium-twitch
elastic-twitch
rapid-twitch
Fill in the blank: Each myofibril consists of many individual units, called ______, which contain actin and myosin and are responsible for contracting the muscle.
sarcomeres
mitochondria
nuclei
tubules
Fill in the blank: Messages are sent from the brain to the muscles to initiate movement. A motor unit consists of the ______ plus the muscle fibres it stimulates.
motor neuron
sensory neuron
axon terminal
synapse
Fill in the blank: The process of the agonist muscle contracting and its opposing muscle, the antagonist, relaxing is called ______.
reciprocal inhibition
muscle hypertrophy
isometric contraction
synaptic transmission
Fill in the blank: Muscle contractions are classified according to the movement they cause: ______, eccentric and isometric.
concentric
static
dynamic
elastic
Fill in the blank: The skeletal and muscular systems work together via a lever system to create movement. A lever is a rigid structure that rotates around a joint and has three components: an axis, force and ______.
resistance
energy
pressure
velocity
Fill in the blank: The most common lever in the human body is a ______ lever where the joint is the axis, the force is the muscle and the resistance is the bone of the body or whatever is being moved by the bone.
third-class
first-class
second-class
fourth-class
Which of the following is NOT a way sports injuries can be classified?
Acute
Chronic
Overuse
Genetic
Sports injuries can be sustained through direct contact, such as an external force, or indirect contact, such as an internal force.
True
False
Fill in the blank: Injuries occur to soft tissue such as skin, ligaments, tendons and muscles; and to hard tissue such as _________?
bones
cartilage
nerves
blood vessels
What is one measure that can be taken to minimise the risk of injuries occurring in sport?
Ignoring pain
Gradual increases in training loads
Skipping warm-up
Reducing rest periods
Insufficient recovery time between physical activity or excessive training volume can contribute to the likelihood of an individual suffering from overtraining.
True
False
Musculoskeletal illnesses affect the bones, muscles, joints and ligaments of the body and often limit the capacity and mobility of an individual.
True
False
Which of the following is a common illness in Australia affecting the musculoskeletal system?
Diabetes
Arthritis
Asthma
Influenza
Fill in the blank: Osteoporosis is characterised by the thinning and weakening of ________ and is more common in women and people over 55 years of age.
bone
muscle
skin
cartilage
