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WorksheetsLESSON 3: Science and Technology & Its Role in Nation Building
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 44mins
According to the lesson introduction, which statement best captures the role of Science and Technology (S&T) in the Philippines?
S&T is primarily a historical curiosity with little current relevance to national development.
S&T is pivotal for nation-building, shaping historical development and driving sustainable progress.
S&T focuses mostly on entertainment technologies rather than economic and social development.
S&T is important only for private-sector innovation, not for public nation-building efforts.
A policymaker wants to design initiatives that align with the lesson’s emphasis. Which priority most directly supports nation-building and sustainable progress in the Philippines through S&T?
Restricting scientific research to reduce government spending.
Investing in S&T to both honor historical contributions and accelerate current sustainable development.
Shifting resources away from technology toward purely cultural programs.
Limiting technology adoption to avoid societal change.
Which statement best describes the national trend in Science and Technology (S&T) in the Philippines as presented?
The country has been reducing investment in S&T to focus on agriculture alone.
The Philippines has been strengthening its Science & Technology industry for many years.
S&T activities are limited to private corporations and exclude schools.
Government policy discourages cooperation between agencies and academic institutions.
Which agency is highlighted as pivotal in advancing and championing innovations, science, and technology projects in the Philippines?
Department of Education (DepEd)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
Department of Agriculture (DA)
Which group works alongside government agencies to support S&T development in the country?
Foreign embassies exclusively
Academic institutions, private sectors, and NGOs
Military organizations only
Religious institutions as the primary drivers
Which practice demonstrates the use of science in pre-colonial agriculture?
Preparing soil for planting based on observed conditions
Relying only on imported fertilizers from overseas traders
Harvesting crops randomly without seasonal planning
Prohibiting animal care in food production
Which statement best reflects how pre-colonial Filipinos applied science to health?
They rejected plants for any medicinal use.
They discovered and used the medicinal properties of plants.
They relied solely on mineral treatments from caves.
They preferred ritual healing without any natural substances.
Which outcome of school sciences is identified as contributing to national S&T development?
Teaching only memorization of scientist names
Enabling students to learn the scientific method, scientific principles and skills, and methodologies
Focusing exclusively on art appreciation
Eliminating laboratory work to reduce costs
Recall: According to the instructional text, which area was NOT listed as a use of technology by early settlers? Choose the best answer.
Building houses and irrigations
Planting, cooking, and fishing
Transportation on land and water
Astronomical observatories
Recall: Early settlers developed tools for everyday life. Which statement best summarizes these purposes?
Only warfare and music creation
Planting, hunting, cooking, fishing, fighting, transportation, and musical instruments
Long-distance trade and coin minting exclusively
Stone carving and theater performance
Strategic Thinking: Archaeological finds are used as evidence for historical claims. Which reasoning best supports the claim that the Metal Age influenced early Filipino life?
Artifacts show a decline in tool diversity after metal use began
Artifacts include sophisticated designs of metal tools, ceramics, and gold and silver jewelries indicating technological development
Artifacts are mostly organic and perishable, making conclusions uncertain
Artifacts reveal that trade was eliminated during the Metal Age
It was emphasized in the lecture about regional trades with China, Indonesia, and Japan. Which inference about cultural exchange is most consistent with this information?
Trade reduced technological opportunities by isolating communities
Trade provided opportunities for cultural and technological exchanges that shaped local tool development
Trade focused only on food, leaving technology unchanged
Trade led to a ban on ceramics in the archipelago
According to the lecture, how are ancient practices in science and technology in the Philippines categorized today?
As modern industrial science
As Indigenous Science or Folk Science
As imported Western methodologies
As speculative philosophy without empirical basis
Which statement best describes a direct educational impact of Spanish colonization in the Philippines?
Establishing schools for both boys and girls and introducing subjects and disciplines
Abolishing existing learning systems and banning scientific study
Limiting schooling only to vocational training without academic subjects
Creating informal community apprenticeships without any formal classrooms
During Spanish colonization, what marked the beginning of formal Science and Technology in the Philippines?
The institutionalization of School Science and Technology
The replacement of indigenous knowledge with purely agricultural practices
The end of classroom-based instruction
The introduction of purely military engineering without civilian education
In school during the Spanish era, Science learning most closely focused on which set of topics?
Human body, plants, animals, and heavenly bodies
Trade routes, political systems, taxation, and law
Only chemistry and advanced calculus
Shipbuilding, metallurgy, and carpentry exclusively
Based on the lecture, Technology education in the Spanish colonization period primarily emphasized which outcome?
Using and developing house tools for everyday life
Designing spacecraft for exploration
Producing luxury goods for export only
Eliminating traditional crafts entirely
Which development best illustrates how life was modernized during the Spanish era?
People adopted Western technologies and replicated them using indigenous materials
Villages rejected all foreign tools to preserve customs
Citizens shifted solely to barter and abandoned metal tools
Communities became less adaptive and avoided technological change
Where were medicine and advanced science formally introduced during Spanish colonization?
In colleges and universities established by Catholic orders
In traveling marketplaces run by merchants
Only in military barracks without public access
Exclusively in rural workshops with no formal instruction
Recall: Who founded the University of Santo Tomas (UST) and in what year?
Jesuits in 1590
Dominicans in 1611
Augustinians in 1601
Franciscans in 1620
Recall: Which statement best describes UST’s historical status in the Philippines?
It is the newest public university in Manila.
It is the oldest existing university in the Philippines.
It is the first engineering school founded by the Spaniards.
It is the largest university by land area in Luzon.
Skill/Concept: Which set of items most accurately represents what the Galleon Trade brought to the Philippines?
Only precious metals and spices
New ideas, crops, tools, cultural practices, technology, and Western practices
Military forts and naval bases exclusively
Local crafts exported without any foreign influence
Strategic Thinking: Which outcome most plausibly links Filipino scholars studying in Europe to national development?
Increased isolation from Western science limited progress.
Their studies provided benefits in medicine, engineering, arts, music, and literature.
Only commerce improved while science declined.
Scholarship abroad led to fewer cultural practices in the Philippines.
Which area did American influence directly strengthen in the Philippines?
Traditional guild-based apprenticeships
Public education system
Private religious schooling only
Informal home tutoring networks
Which statement best describes a key engineering impact attributed to American rule in the Philippines?
They halted road construction to preserve forests.
They constructed engineering works that improved infrastructure.
They shifted all transport to river barges and removed roads.
They limited engineering projects to military bases only.
Which health-related outcome is highlighted as part of the American contribution to Philippine science and technology?
Introduction of homeopathy as the national standard
Improved health conditions of people
Elimination of all infectious diseases by 1905
Exclusive focus on veterinary medicine over public health
Identify the institution established as a modern research university under American influence, including the date noted.
Ateneo de Manila University in June 12, 1898
University of the Philippines on Feb. 12, 1949
Mapúa Institute of Technology on Jan. 1, 1950
National University on Dec. 30, 1935
Which development accompanied the establishment of the modern research university in the Philippines under American administration?
Closure of most public hospitals
Creation of more public hospitals compared with former colonial masters
Transfer of medical services to private charities only
Ban on research in tropical medicine
Which diseases were the focus of modernized research efforts in higher education during American influence in the Philippines?
Malaria, cholera, tuberculosis, and other tropical diseases
Measles, mumps, and rubella exclusively
Polio only
Seasonal influenza and common cold
What change in transportation and communication is noted for the American period in the Philippines?
Systems were dismantled to reduce costs nationwide.
Systems were improved, though not accessible throughout the country.
Only maritime transport was supported while land routes were closed.
Telegraph lines replaced all road networks.
Which statement best characterizes American actions regarding natural resources in the Philippines?
They avoided mineral exploration to protect ecosystems.
They explored and exploited the country’s mineral resources.
They nationalized all mines without extraction.
They focused solely on agricultural exports, ignoring minerals.
Considering the improvements in public education, engineering, and health, which integrated effect most plausibly advanced Philippine science and technology?
Enhanced capacity for research and dissemination through trained graduates, better infrastructure, and public health networks
Reduced scientific output due to fragmentation across sectors
Decline in technological adoption from overemphasis on humanities
Isolation of universities from society by limiting transport links
Which specific infrastructure project is referenced in relation to early American-era engineering and regional development?
Slex Expressway built in 1970s
Kennon Road associated with Baguio’s development and nearby gold richness
Pan-Philippine Highway completed in 2010
Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway opened in 2008
Which contribution is correctly matched to Dr. Ramon Cabanos Barba?
Innovations in tissue culture techniques for Philippine mangoes
Discovery of accelerated warming trends in the Northern Hemisphere
Pioneering multi-agent modeling for decentralized control
Development of satellite instruments for ocean color monitoring
Josefino Cacas Comiso is best known for which focus of research?
Dynamic feedback mechanisms in complex electrical systems
Characteristics of Antarctica investigated through satellite images
Genetic modification of tropical fruit trees
Design of microprocessors for aerospace applications
Which statement most accurately describes Jose Bejar Cruz, Jr.’s professional recognition?
Internationally known in Electrical Engineering, noted control theorist at Ohio State University
World-renowned botanist specializing in tissue culture
NASA climate scientist reporting changes in Arctic sea ice
Marine biologist focusing on coral reef sensitivity analysis
A researcher aims to analyze how changes in one part of a large network affect overall system performance. Based on the scientists profiled, whose methodologies are most directly applicable?
Dr. Ramon Barba, for tissue culture propagation strategies
Josefino Comiso, for satellite-based polar observation protocols
Jose Bejar Cruz, Jr., for sensitivity analysis and control in complex systems
None of the three, as their work does not address networks
Which application best exemplifies multi-agent–based modeling for decentralization and control, as described in Jose B. Cruz, Jr.’s work?
Coordinating autonomous vehicles in a smart traffic network
Culturing mango embryos to increase fruit production
Mapping Antarctic ice shelves using satellite imagery
Measuring leaf chlorophyll with handheld sensors
Which Filipino scientist is recognized for researching sea snail venom and contributing to the biochemistry of conotoxins?
Fabian Millar Dayrit
Rafael Dineros Guerrero III
Lourdes Jansuy Cruz
Angel Alcala
Conotoxins, developed from studies using venom of Conus marine snails, are primarily used as what in neuroscientific research?
Biochemical probes for examining brain activities
Nutritional supplements for shellfish
Antibiotics for treating bacterial infections
Fertilizers for aquaculture ponds
A research team seeks high-field NMR and high-resolution MS instruments for chemical analysis. Based on the material, which institution in the Philippines would most likely have been established to house such equipment?
National Fisheries Research Institute
National Chemistry Instrumentation Center
Philippine Marine Toxin Laboratory
Environmental Science Department
Rafael Dineros Guerrero III is best known for which contribution to Philippine science?
Research on herbal medicine and analytical instruments
Biochemistry of sea snail peptides
Development of sex-reversal and hatchery techniques for tilapia
Discovery of new conus species
Which pairing correctly matches the scientist to the field or innovation mentioned in the lecture?
Lourdes Jansuy Cruz — vermiculture science and technology
Fabian Millar Dayrit — biochemistry of conotoxins
Rafael Dineros Guerrero III — tilapia sex-reversal techniques
Rafael Dineros Guerrero III — herbal medicine initiatives
Recall: Which field did Dr. Enrique Mapua Ostrea, Jr. make significant contributions to, particularly in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal drug addiction?
Cardiology
Pediatrics
Orthopedics
Geriatrics
Skill/Concept: What biological sample did Dr. Enrique Mapua Ostrea, Jr. pioneer analyzing to detect fetal exposure to drugs, tobacco smoke, alcohol, and environmental toxicants?
Amniotic fluid
Umbilical cord blood
Meconium
Maternal saliva
Skill/Concept: Which statement best characterizes the sensitivity and purpose of the meconium drug test developed by Dr. Ostrea?
It is a rapid adult urine screen designed to detect current alcohol intoxication
It is one of the most sensitive tests to detect fetal exposure to illicit drugs by analyzing newborn meconium
It is a genetic test for hereditary metabolic disorders using buccal swabs
It is a maternal blood test to estimate trimester-specific caffeine intake
Recall: Which field is Lilian Formalejo Pateña most closely associated with according to the material?
Plant biotechnology
Marine biology
Astrophysics
Civil engineering
Recall: What agricultural technique did Lilian Formalejo Pateña invent for cassava?
Leaf-bud cutting
Hydroponic grafting
Tissue culture of roots
Seedless cloning by irradiation
Skill/Concept: Pateña’s discovery of micropropagation helped establish a national industry. Which industry benefited directly?
Banana industry in the Philippines
Sugarcane milling in Luzon
Coconut copra export market
Rice hybridization in Visayas
Recall: Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz is noted for contributions in mathematics. Which paired areas best represent her expertise and impact?
Graph theory and operations research
Number theory and cryptography
Topology and differential equations
Statistics and actuarial science
Recall: Gregory Ligot Tangonan conducted research in communications technology. Which innovation is specifically attributed to his pioneering work?
Integrated waveguide detectors
Solar photovoltaic arrays
Quantum dot lasers for medicine
Satellite weather radar calibration
Which national body primarily drives the Science and Technology (S&T) sector in the Philippines by implementing programs and projects aligned with national development goals?
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
Based on the lecture, what is a stated purpose of Philippine government investments in science-related programs and projects?
To increase export tariffs for high-tech products
To improve quality of life through sustainable development
To privatize public research institutes
To reduce the number of attached agencies and councils
Major S&T programs and initiatives in the Philippines generally fall into which key category highlighted in the material?
Technology transfer and commercialization only
Science outreach and public awareness
Research and Development (R&D) and Innovation
Space exploration and satellite deployment
Within the highlighted S&T category, what is the key focus as defined by the Harmonized National R&D Agenda (HNRDA)?
Funding cultural heritage projects in tourism
Conducting research in priority areas such as health, agriculture, and industry
Developing military technologies for national defense
Training overseas scientists for employment abroad
Which outcome best captures the stated goal of R&D and Innovation programs in the Philippines?
To reduce government spending on science agencies
To generate new knowledge, technologies, and innovative solutions for societal and economic challenges
To centralize all research in a single metropolitan laboratory
To replace academic research with private-sector studies
A program proposal claims alignment with national S&T priorities by aiming to fund research on crop resilience, hospital infection control, and manufacturing process optimization. Based on the material, how well does this align with the HNRDA focus?
Poorly aligned, because it targets non-priority sectors
Partially aligned, as only manufacturing is a priority area
Well aligned, because it addresses agriculture, health, and industry
Misaligned, since HNRDA requires purely theoretical research
Which key category of Science and Technology programs highlighted focuses on moving scientific innovations into market-ready applications?
Basic Research and Discovery
Technology Transfer and Commercialization
Environmental Monitoring and Compliance
Space Exploration Initiatives
What is the primary goal associated with technology transfer and commercialization as described?
To patent as many inventions as possible regardless of use
To translate scientific innovations into commercial applications that boost competitiveness, generate wealth, and create jobs
To restrict scientific findings to academic institutions
To replace all traditional industries with automated systems
Identify the key program named that supports enterprises in upgrading operations and product quality through technology.
National Innovation Scholarship (NIS)
Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SETUP)
Industrial Expansion Credit Line (IECL)
Science Park Development Scheme (SPDS)
According to the material, which group of businesses is explicitly targeted for assistance by SETUP?
Large multinational corporations only
Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
Start-ups in the entertainment industry exclusively
Public sector agencies
Which outcome is NOT listed as an expected result of translating scientific innovations into commercial applications?
Boosting local industry competitiveness
Generating wealth
Creating jobs
Reducing access to technology for small firms
A firm wants to improve product quality and remain competitive locally using scientific advances. Based on the program described, which strategic step should it pursue first?
Seek celebrity endorsements to increase brand recognition
Apply for SETUP to obtain technical assistance, training, and equipment for upgrading
Outsource production overseas to cut labor costs
Avoid adopting new technology to preserve traditional methods
Which initiative under Human Resource Development (HRD) explicitly aims to encourage students to pursue STEM fields in the Philippines?
Balik Scientists program
S&T Scholarships
Industry-academia consortia
Technology incubators
In the context of HRD, what is the primary purpose of the Balik Scientists program?
To fund undergraduate laboratory equipment purchases
To bring home expert Filipino scientists from abroad to contribute to local projects
To send students to international science fairs
To replace local researchers with foreign consultants
Which statement best defines the overarching goal of HRD initiatives described?
To increase export revenues through technology products alone
To train, retain, and attract the human capital needed to sustain scientific and technological advancements
To standardize STEM curricula across all universities
To centralize research under one national laboratory
Which component most directly builds the country’s future scientific workforce by supporting learners early in the pipeline?
Balik Scientists program
S&T Scholarships
Corporate R&D tax incentives
International patent filing grants
Select the option that correctly matches the program with its target group under HRD initiatives.
Balik Scientists — high school STEM scholars
S&T Scholarships — returning Filipino experts
Balik Scientists — Filipino scientists working abroad
S&T Scholarships — foreign visiting professors
Which outcome is most aligned with the stated HRD goal for national S&T programs?
Short-term publicity for science events
Sustained capacity for scientific research through trained and retained human capital
Privatization of public research institutions
Exclusive focus on technological hardware manufacturing
A policymaker plans to strengthen scientific capacity quickly. Based on the HRD initiatives described, which action best leverages existing expertise to accelerate local projects within a year?
Expand S&T Scholarships for incoming freshmen only
Launch the Balik Scientists program to attract experienced researchers back home
Mandate standardized entrance exams for STEM programs
Invest solely in new laboratory buildings without staffing plans
