Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

What do kidneys excrete?

The kidneys produce the enzyme renin, which regulates blood pressure.

Name two other organs of the urinary system besides the kidneys.

Which hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates RBC production?

Fill in the blank: Kidney cells convert ______ to its active form.

Where are the kidneys actually located?

Fill in the blank: The right kidney is slightly lower than the left due to being crowded by the _______.

What are the three protective layers of the kidney?

Fill in the blank: The outer, lighter in color region of the kidney is called the _______.

Which region of the kidney contains triangular regions with striped appearance called renal pyramids?

Fill in the blank: The funnel-shaped tube in the kidney is called the _______.

What is the function of calyces in the kidney?

Fill in the blank: Each kidney has over _______ nephrons.

What are the two main structures of a nephron?

Which of the following is NOT one of the main processes of urine formation?

Glomerular filtration is a ________, passive process. Fluid (called FILTRATE) passes from the blood into the glomerular capsule.

Blood cells and proteins are typically too large to pass through the filtration membrane during glomerular filtration.

Tubular Reabsorption involves reclaiming useful substances such as water, glucose, ions, and amino acids and returning them to the blood.

Which of the following is NOT a common nitrogenous waste product found in urine?

Urea is formed by the liver as an end product of ________ breakdown when amino acids are used to produce energy.

How much blood plasma is filtered in 24 hours?

Urine color ranges from clear/pale to deep yellow due to the destruction of hemoglobin, producing which pigment?

Urine is sterile and slightly aromatic if fresh. Over time, urine takes on the ______ smell due to bacterial action.

What is the typical pH of urine?

A high protein diet and whole wheat cause urine to be ______, while a vegetarian diet causes urine to be ______.

Specific gravity in lab tests measures how heavy urine is compared to distilled water. Is the specific gravity low or high if a person drinks a lot of water, uses diuretics, or has chronic renal fever?

How many slender tubes (ureters) carry urine from the kidney to the bladder?

What is the role of the ureters?

How many openings does the bladder have?

A moderately full bladder holds about ______ cc (1 pt), but can hold about ______ cc.

What is the term for the act of emptying the bladder?

Which sphincter of the urethra is voluntary?

What are the three factors that composition of blood depends on?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Fill in the blank: H2O accounts for ___ or more of body weight.

The posterior pituitary gland releases ADH (Anti diuretic hormone) to prevent excess water loss.

What hormone helps regulate blood composition and volume by regulating sodium content?

Which condition is described as abnormally low urinary output (UOP) of about 100-400 mL/day?

Anuria is defined as less than 100 ml/day of urine output.

Which of the following could indicate glomerular blood pressure is too low, a transfusion reaction, acute inflammation, or crushing injuries?

What is another name for pyelonephritis?

What is the inflammation of the urethra called?

What is the inflammation of the bladder called?

What is the inability to control the external sphincter called?

What is the term for the opposite of incontinence?

What is the medical term for enlargement of the prostate (located by the bladder)?