WorksheetsMCQ FMS 1 2023-2024 (1-60)
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
DNA differs from RNA in the following features:
A. DNA is in the nucleus and mitochondria; RNA is found only in the cytoplasm
B. DNA is synthesized by DNA polymerase; RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase
C. DNA has deoxyribose residues; RNA has ribose residues
D. DNA contains the A, C, G, and T bases; RNA contains A, C, G, and U
All TRUE, except A
Protesting the government's policy, a 25 year old man went on a hunger strike. Which of the following metabolites are the most heavily elevated in his blood plasma after 3 days?
Glucose
Triacylglycerol
Ketone bodies
Glycogen
Unesterified fatty acids
Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity?
Temperature
pH
Salt concentration
The addition or removal of phosphate
All the above
Intercellular connection that facilitates intercellular communication by allowing the movement of various small molecules between adjacent cells is known as
Tight junction
Fascia adherens
Zonula adherens
Gap junction
Macula adherens
Extracellular signal interacts with its receptor to initiate signal transduction. Which of the following plasma membrane receptors activate signalling pathways usually by forming molecular dimers upon binding of their specific ligand?
G protein-coupled receptors
Receptor tyrosine kinases
Ligand-gated ion channels
Steroid hormone receptors
Acetylcholine receptors
A patient has been detected to be a homozygote for the mutation Q39X in the gene coding for β-hemoglobin. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
Glutamine at position 39 is changed to asparagine, resulting in a functional protein with slightly different activity
The patient's blood contains normal Hb
Glutamine at position 39 is changed to a stop codon, and no functional β-hemoglobin can be synthesized
The patient is a carrier of this mutation
It is a silent mutation; it does not have any effects at all
Which of the following statements about the role of the pentose phosphate pathway is correct?
The pentose phosphate pathway delivers -NH3 for amino acid synthesis
The pentose phosphate pathway produces ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH
The pentose phosphate pathway is directly connected to TCA cycle
The pentose phosphate pathway oxidizes glucose-6-phosphate completely to carbon dioxide and water
The pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the mitochondria of most cells
The spontaneous loss of amino groups from cytosine (C) results in uracil (U), an uncommon base, opposite guanine in DNA. What combination of enzymes could repair such damage?
Nuclease, telomerase, primase
Nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase
DNA ligase, helicase, RNAse H
Topoisomerase, primase, DNA polymerase
Topoisomerase, helicase, RNA polymerase
Which of the following is not true about HSC transplantation?
Allogenic transplantation is when the donor and recipient are the same species
Peripheral stem cell collection produces a lower yield compare to bone marrow collection
Immunosuppressant can be used to prevent GVHD
Donor and recipient must have perfectly matched HLA
The higher the degree of mismatched HLA the more complications with engraftment and graft versus host syndrome
A 48-year-old male patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma glucose level of more than 200 mg/dL. Patient has associated symptoms such as polyuria and polydipsia. Further test showed that patient's pancreas has a defect in glucose transport thus affects the insulin production and release process. Pancreas takes up glucose from blood through ...
GLUT 3
GLUT 4
GLUT 1
GLUT 5
GLUT 2
Which of followings in NOT a property of the plasma membrane?
Boundary of living cell with its surrounding
Impermable to small polar uncharged molecule
Consists of lipid bilayer
Mosaic and fluid
Amphipathic
Which type of bonding is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?
Hydrogen bonding between the C=O and N-H groups of peptide bonds
Peptide bonds between amino acids
covalent bonds joining different parts of the peptide backbone
Disulfide bridges between cysteine residues
Ionic bonds between charged side chains of amino acids
Among the common causes of cancer are infection by cancer-causing (oncogenic) viruses. The following statement is true for oncogenic viruses except:
Epstein Barr Virus oncogene LMP1 inhibits p53 function
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) increases alternative splicing of angiogenesis-related genes
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) expresses E6 oncogenic protein
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) promotes DNA repair
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) integrates viral genome into cellular DNA
In a globular protein the amino acid Valine is localized more likely within the interior of the molecule, because ________
It is an acidic amino acid
Its side chain is positively charged
It is a basic amino acid
It is non-polar and hydrophobic
It is polar and hydrophilic
A pluripotent stem cell is...
Specialized cell that is capable of dividing and giving rise to one or more distinct types of undifferentiated cells.
An undifferentiated cell that is capable of dividing and giving rise to one or more distinct types of specialized cells to make an individual.
A specialized cell that is capable of dividing and giving rise of central nervous system.
A specialized cells that mainly differentiate into blood cell
An undifferentiated cell that is capable of dividing and giving rise to one or more distinct types of specialized cells, except for fetal supporting tissues.
Gout is a disorder associated with abnormal amounts of urates in the body. A drug used primarily to treat this hyperuricemia and its complications prevents uric acid synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme xanthin oxidase. The name of this drug is ______
Probenecid
Voltaren
Aspirin
Colchicine
Allopurinol
A simple method to distinguish two types of bacteria is their ability in retaining the crystal violet dye (Gram staining). What is the characteristic of Gram positive bacteria?
A larger periplasmic space
A lower peptidoglycan and higher lipid content
Two outer membranes
Releases endotoxin
A higher peptidoglycan and lower lipid content
Marni and David bring their 3-year-old adopted daughter, Amanda, to the pediatrician reporting that she has recently been having large, greasy-looking stools. Amanda has fallen below the average in height and weight. The pediatrician suspects that Amanda may have cystic fibrosis from the sweat test result of 68 mEq/L. Which type of chloride channel protein is defective in Cystic Fibrosis?
Calcium ion sensitive chloride channels
Cation-chloride cotransporters
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
CLC chloride channels and transporters
None of the above
The chemical bonds in DNA by which the sugar components of adjacent nucleotides are linked through the phosphate groups are called __________ bonds.
Phosphodiester
Hydrophobic
Hydrogen
Ionic
Hydrophilic
Stem cells need signal from the microenvironment to be capable to differentiate into more specialized cells. Of the following options, what can be the signal for stem cells to stimulate osteogenesis?
Coculture of hematopoietic stem cell with a stromal cell line
Sonic hedgehog
Fluid shear stress and/or mechanical strain inside the blood vessel
Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin (Epo)
Manipulation of matrix elasticity on mesenchymal stem cell
Stem cells technology such as somatic cells nuclear transfer (SCNT) can be used for therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning with ethical consideration. Which from the list below is not the clinical application SCNT?
Bring back Einstein alive
Bring back dinosaurs alive
Treat cystic fibrosis disease by injecting patient with pluripotent cell derived from SCNT technique carrying the gene to fix chloride channel
Modify the genetic of Dolly sheep
Collect the stem cell from a young donor and replace the nucleus the one from adult recipient's for treating heart disease
Vitamins often function as co-enzyme in a reaction. Which vitamin is essential for the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase to properly function and its deficiency causes a disease called beriberi?
Vitamin D
Vitamin B12 (cobalamine)
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
In eukaryotes, there are three different RNA polymerases. The RNA polymerase responsible for the synthesis of mRNA is ________.
RNA polymerase I
None of these
RNA polymerase IV
RNA polymerase III
RNA polymerase II
The proteins that make up the electron transport chain are located
In the nucleus
On the inner mitochondria membrane
In the mitochondria matrix
In the cytoplasm
On the outer mitochondria membrane
The pathway of a tRNA during polypeptide elongation on the ribosome is:
A site --> P site --> E site
P site --> A site --> E site
A site --> P site --> entry site
P site --> entry site --> exit site
None of the above
A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein that was translocated into the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during its synthesis and eventually ended up in the plasma membrane. Significantly, the protein in the plasma membrane was found to be slightly larger than the related protein in the ER. The protein was probably changed in the ________
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Biochemical mechanism responsible for "transmitting" extracellular signals inside the cell, which ultimately lead to the activation of target proteins that control metabolic pathways or regulate gene expression, called as:
Signal transduction
Signal transmission
Metabolic regulation
Signal transformation
Gene expression regulation
The followings are characteristic of X-linked dominant inheritance, except:
Half of daughters of affected male will be affected
Affected women have milder phenotype than affected men
No male to male transmission
Males and females may be affected
Both sons and daughters of affected women have 50% risk of being affected
Cells fall into one of two broad categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. The single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea are classified as prokaryotes. Animal cells, plant cells, fungi, and protists are eukaryotes. Which of the following is a feature found in BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
All of the above are found in both types of cells
Ribosomes that accomplish protein synthesis
Multiple linear chromosomes in each cell
Extensive array of intermediate filaments
Mitotic spindles that partition chromosomes into the daughter cells
Human Genome Project Objectives. Which of the following was (were) the objective(s) of the Human Genome Project?
A. Obtain a detailed genetic map of every human chromosome
B. Determine the sequence of all expressed human genes
C. Determine the complete DNA sequence of each human chromosome
A and B are true
A, B, and C are true
The effect of cell to cell communication may be broad to whole body or limited to certain part of body. Insulin secretion is an example of a way which acts at distance and influence the whole body, as known as
Phosphorylation cascade
Paracrine
Endocrine
Intercrine
Autocrine
Metabolism is divided into 2 classes. ________ is the breakdown of macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, fats) to produce energy. This class is characterized by ________ reactions. ________ is the construction of biomolecules from smaller precursors. This requires energy input. This class is characterized by ________ reactions. The energy intermediate is ________.
Anabolism, oxidative, catabolism, reductive, UTP
Exergonism, exergonic, endergonism, endergonic, GTP
Anabolism, reductive, catabolism, oxidative, AMP
Antithesis, reduction, synthesis, oxidation, CTP
Catabolism, oxidative, anabolism, reductive, ATP
21-year-old woman is presented to the Emergency Room with extreme muscle weakness, difficulty in swallowing and breathing. Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis was made based on the history, examination and laboratory test. Myasthenia gravis is a condition of an improper functioning at the neuromuscular junction. What is happening at neuromuscular junction in this case?
Blocked GABA receptor
Detect in Na+ voltage-gated receptor
Blocked acetylcholine receptor
Failure to release acetylcholine vesicles
Damage in dendrites
Epistasis controls the coat color of laboratory rats, with the B locus controlling color (Black is dominant to brown), and C locus determining the color-pigment deposit. Which of the following is true?
BbCc results in black coat
bbCc results in black coat
BBcc results in black coat
Bbcc results in brown coat
bbcc results in brown coat
Specialized epithelium with cells on its surface that can change their shape is known as:
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Transitional epithelium
Simple columnar epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Stratified epithelium
Cell differentiation is influenced by these factors below, except ...
A. Genetic engineering
B. Apoptosis
C. Pressure
D. Extracellular matrix
E. A and B
A 35-year-old Indonesian living in Europe came to his doctor with stomach cramps and diarrhea after drinking milk. What is the most likely cause of this man's problem?
Aldolase B deficiency (fructose intolerance)
Excessive growth of bacteria and yeast in the large intestine
Lack of pancreatic amylase
Lack of sucrose-isomaltase of the small intestine
Lactase deficiency in the small intestine (lactose intolerance)
Which of the following statements is TRUE for glucagon?
It is secreted by pancreatic β cells as a response to low glucose concentration in the blood
It is secreted by pancreatic α cells as a response to low glucose concentration in the blood
It is secreted by pancreatic β cells as a response to high glucose concentration in blood
It is secreted by the adrenal gland as a response to the "fight-or-flight" condition
It is secreted by pancreatic α cells as a response to high glucose concentration in blood
Pentasomy 49, XXXXY incidence is around 1/85000 male births. Signs and symptoms of 49, XXXXY syndrome can vary but may include learning difficulties or intellectual disability; low muscle tone; infertility; delayed growth; distinctive facial features; and a variety of birth defects that may affect the heart, bones, brain and/or kidneys. A 49, XXXXY karyotype is thought to arise from
Paternal Non-Disjunction in Meiosis I
Maternal Non-Disjunction in Meiosis I
Maternal Non-Disjunction in Meiosis I and II
Non-Disjunction in Meiosis II
Paternal Non-Disjunction in Meiosis I and II
Which of the following enzyme groups can catalyze oxidation reactions?
Ligases
Dehydrogenases
Lyases
Isomerases
Hydrolases
Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in eukaryotic cells which ensure proper division of the cell. At the center of the cell cycle control system is Cdk, a protein that
Is only active during mitosis
Is degraded before it is active
That binds to different cyclins
Manufactures growth factors
That is dephosphorylated to become active
If a proto-oncogene is mutated into an oncogene in an otherwise normal cell, the immediate result would likely be
Cell Cycle arrest
The cell would metastasize to other distant organ
Rapid mutations of other genes
Apoptosis
Not much, perhaps a slight accelerating of the cell cycle
A scientist collects cells from a phase of embryonic development and wants to test if those cells are pluripotent. What are two ways to demonstrate pluripotency?
In vitro producing embryoid bodies and in vivo producing GVHD
In vitro producing three layers and in vivo producing immune rejection
In vitro producing embryoid bodies and in vivo producing teratoma
In vitro producing teratoma and in vivo producing GVHD
In vitro producing teratoma and in vivo producing embryoid bodies
A phenotypically normal woman with a translocation involving chromosomes 14 and 21 karyotype has a karyotypically normal husband. Among their liveborn offspring, which of the following karyotype is LEAST likely?
Balanced Carrier
Monosomy 21
Normal
Trisomy 21
Translocation chr 21 and 14
In general, methylation of DNA in Eukaryotes
Triggers translational modification
Promotes cell growth
Reduces level of gene expression
Induces genetic rearrangements
Activates gene expression
Which of the following statements about the synthesis of fatty acids is correct?
NADH is used for fatty acid synthesis
NADH is formed from fatty acid synthesis
NADPH is used for fatty acid synthesis
NADPH is formed from fatty acid synthesis
None of these
Enzymes involved in phosphorylation cascade are kinase and phosphatase. The following is the function of phosphatase:
Amplifying signal
Removing phosphate group from the intracellular signaling protein
Phosphorylation
Activating intracellular protein signaling
Adding phosphate group onto the intracellular signaling protein
Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is correct?
Fatty acids are plentiful in the blood during starvation and are used for glucose synthesis
The enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase hydrolyses glucose-6-phosphate and is present in most cells
Gluconeogenesis uses all the SAME enzymes that are also used in glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis enables the liver to maintain blood glucose levels during starvation
Muscles have a large glycogen store which gives rise to blood glucose during prolonged starvation
A 60-year-old woman suffers from cirrhosis of the liver. Toxins such as ammonia are not properly metabolized by the liver and can damage the brain. Which of the following compounds should be in the highest concentration in the brain as a result of the detoxification of ammonia?
Glycine
Asparagine
Alpha ketoglutarate
Glutamate
Glutamine
A woman's body undergoes many transformations during the nine months of pregnancy. Some of these physical changes are visible, such as an expanding belly and weight gain, while others are well known, such as an enlarged uterus. The enlarged uterus of a pregnant woman is an example of which adaptive behavior?
Metatrophy
Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy
Atrophy
Metaplasia
Exocrine gland that secretes its product by losing the apical part of cytoplasm is known as ________ gland.
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
Endocrine
None of the above
Alternative splicing of RNA
Is due to the presence or absence of particular snRNPs
Can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA
Increases the rate of transcription
Can allow the production of similar proteins from different RNAs
Is a mechanism for increasing the rate of transcription
The oxidative deamination of the amino acid alanine in muscle produces:
One molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of urea
One molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of ammonia
One molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of carbon dioxide
One molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of water
One molecule of pyruvate and a molecule of oxygen
Which of the following characteristic is not common to many cancer cells?
Increased mobility
Abnormal structures of chromosomes
Absence of cytoskeleton
Decreased adhesion to other cells
Uncontrolled growth and division
Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is true?
Two molecules of carbon dioxides are produced in one turn of the TCA cycle
Three molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 are produced in one turn of the TCA cycle.
Two turns of TCA cycles are needed to oxidize one molecule of glucose.
The TCA cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix
All statements are true
Embryonic stem cells are self-renewal, immortal and have an almost unlimited differentiation potential. Those characteristics are results of inhibiting differentiation and apoptosis. Which of the following is the correct network for the regulation of embryonic stem cell self-renewal?
cMyc-FGF-Oct4
EGF-Nanog-Oct4
LIF-Sox2-cMyc
Myc-FGF-LIF
Sox2-Nanog-Oct4
Two patterns of cell death are observed: Necrosis and Apoptosis. Which of the following statements best describes necrosis?
Significant inflammatory response
Condensation of nucleus
Affects individual cells
Caspase activation
Cytoplasmic blebbing
One of challenges in stem cell technology is to produce embryonic stem cells without the creation of embryo. A variation in stem cell technology where cdx2 gene (a gene to form placenta) is turned off in patient's nucleus before it is transferred to donor egg called as...
Parthenogenesis
SCNT
ANT
Fusion
SCNT using embryo at mitosis
Peritoneal dialysis is a method to remove excess waste and water from the blood of patients suffering from kidney disease. In this process, patient receives injection of dialysis liquid into the peritoneum. The removal of water into the peritoneum in this process is an example of osmosis. Which of the following statement is correct for osmosis?
A process that lead to hypotonic condition in blood
Movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration area
Movement of water from high solute concentration to low solute concentration
A process that lead to isotonic condition in blood
Movement of ion from the lower concentration to high concentration area
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) has been a powerful cancer imaging tool for many decades. Of the many hallmarks of cancer that include biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors; which one is put to use when imaging cancer using PET?
Evading apoptosis
Self-sufficiency in growth signal
Sustained angiogenesis
Limitless replicative potential
Reprogramming metabolism
