The clouds whose tops extend well above the freezing level are called

The clouds whose tops do not extend to the freezing level are called

Coalescence Theory explains occurrence of rainfall from the

Ice crystal Theory explains occurrence of rainfall from the

Giant Nucleus Theory explains occurrence of rainfall over

Very heavy precipitation as showers over a short period is called

Rain shadow area is on the ………… of the mountain range

Sleet is a mixture of

Rainfall in the tropics is more in

Rainfall in the tropics is more in the

Rainfall in the temperate latitudes is more in

Over J&K and western Himalayas Rainfall is more in

Rainfall over coastal areas is more in the

Areas to the ………… of western Ghats of India are rain shadow areas

A sudden rise in the level of rivers or streams causing floods is called

Artificial rain making is also termed as

Fog can be dispersed for a short period by artificial stimulation

Showery precipitation occurs from

A day is called Rainy day when rainfall in 24 hr is ....mm or more

Hoar frost occurs on airframe in clear air when the temperature of airframe is

In clouds at temperatures below $$0\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$$ an aircraft may encounter icing of the type

Opaque Rime ice is

Rime is formed by freezing of ……… supercooled water droplets on airframe when aircraft is flying through clouds

Glazed ice is formed by freezing of ……… supercooled water droplets on airframe when aircraft is flying through clouds

The ……… ice poses serious aviation hazard

Airframe icing occurs below $$0\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$$ . Its probability of occurrence decreases progressively below $$20\,^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$$ , as at lower temperatures the proportion of supercooled water drops in a cloud

CI, CS and CC clouds consist mostly ice crystals. Icing hazard is therefore

AS, NS consist of supercooled water drops and ice crystals in varying proportion…….. icing is possible.

In AC clouds …………. icing is likely in mountainous areas

In TCU icing may range from light to severe type at least up to ……… level.

In CB icing may range from light to severe type up to 20°C level. Below this temperature severe icing is

Liquid water content is an important factor in icing. As the maximum water concentration is around ……., maximum ice formation in clouds may also be expected around that level.

Carburetor icing occurs when air from intake passes through a venturi (choke) and causes expansional cooling and vaporization of fuel. Serious icing can occur at extreme temperatures

………… occurs in a moist cloudless air on an aircraft surface having temp. below 0° C, due to sublimation of water vapour onto feathery ice crystals.

…………… occurs in St, Sc, Ac, Cu, Ns at temperature 10 to 40° C and in Cb at temperature 20 to 40°C

In clouds … occurs when a wide range of water drop sizes are present at temperatures between 0°C and 40°C

……… occurs in AS, NS, SC and towering CU or CB between 0° C and 20° C, in warm front below 0° C, especially if the aircraft has rapidly descended from a colder region

When fog freezes on parked aircraft it produces..

Icing ………… the stalling speed appreciably

The condition necessary for the formation of a thunderstorm are:

Hail is most likely to fall from a cloud

Norwesters are

Dust Storm usually occurs over NW India during

A 'mature' thunderstorm has

Aircraft icing is most favoured in the cloud which have temperatures ranging between

A short duration, showery precipitation is associated with

Hail is

The most hazardous cloud for aviation is

The life of a Cb cell is usually

Generally the severest activity of a, heat type, TS is for

Norwesters occur during

Norwesters occur during

Norwesters affect

The trigger action may take place due ro

Norwesters normally occur during

Norwesters originates over

Andhi (blinding storms) occur generally over

Wind speed in Light DS is

The diameter of Microburst is

The diameter of Macroburst is

For detecting precipitation a Radar wavelength in the range ... is suitable

For airborne radars wavelength generally used

The wavelength of TS detection X band radar is

The wavelength of storm detection S band radar is

Over plains TS mostly occur during the

Over valley and foot hills TS generally occur during

Over the sea TS are more frequent

The life of Mesoscale Convective Complex TS is

Loud peals of thunder, frequent flashes of lightning, moderate or heavy showers accompanied by light hail with maximum wind speed 15–40 kt is classified as

For a severe TS one of the requirements is strong wind shear

Severe TS cells are tilted

When flying through an active TS, lightning strikes are mostly likely

Hazards of the mature stage of TS Cell include lightning, turbulence and

Hail grows by

The airmass which originates at sea in low Latitudes is called

The air mass which originates over equatorial region is

If the advancing cold front is colder than the cool air mass of the warm front, the advancing cold front undercuts and lifts both the warm and cool air masses of the warm front. This is

The airmass which originated over land area located in polar region:

If a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass, it is called

At warm front

The conditions are always unstable at

Sometimes line squall occurs about 100–300 km ahead of

Precipitation occurs over a belt of 30–50 km on both side of front

Cold front moves at ...... the speed of a warm front moves

Line Squalls occur ......... of Cold front

CB, roll-type clouds, SC, AC with embedded CB are associated

The surface of discontinuity between the Polar Easterlies and the temperate Westerlies is called

The air mass which originates from sea area located in lower latitudes is

WDs approach India as

Maximum WDs occur in

Ahead of a warm front the surface wind

On approach of a warm front temperature

CI, CS, AS, NS, ST in sequence are associated with the front

During the passage of a cold front winds

Visibility is poor in a warm front

Fog occurs in cold front

WD is an .......... front

FZRA and FZFG occur .......... of a warm front

Precipitation ceases after the passage of a front

During the approach of a warm front wind

A WD has two or more closed isobars, at 2 hPa interval, it is termed as

A WD originate over

Induced lows develop to the ........... of a WD

The arbitrary lower limit of jet core velocity has been assigned by WMO as

Jet stream has

The vertical wind shear in a jet stream is about

Compared to horizontal wind shear the vertical wind shear in a jet stream is

In a jet stream, the path of the maximum speed is known as

The wind speed along the axis of a jet stream is always

Along the axis of a jet stream there are centres of high speed winds, these are called

In a wavy jet the jet streaks are located over or near the

Subtropical Jet Stream (STJ) is

The normal position of Subtropical Jet Stream is

The southern most position of STJ is in February is

The STJ affects India from

STJ has a layered structure. There are often two layers of maximum wind to the ...... of jet core

The STJ strengthens

At and near the STJ the temperature gradient is very

Vertical wind shear in STJ is greater ………… the core

The TJ prevails over the Indian Peninsula from

The TJ is located over the Indian Peninsula, approximately at

The TJ is located over Indian, approximately at a height of

The TJ is strongest in

In the TJ the wind shears are much …… than the STJ

TJ is

A jet stream can be recognized by

Flying at right angles to a jet stream with falling pressure you will experience

When and Where tropical jet stream occurs

For mountain waves to form there should be flow of air across the ridge, generally within …………… of the perpendicular to the ridge.

For mountain waves to form the wind speed for small mountains should be atleast

For mountain waves to form the wind speed for large mountains should be atleast

For mountain waves to form the atmosphere should be ……. up to the ridge, where air stream strikes the ridge.

For mountain waves to form the atmosphere should be ….. at higher levels above the ridge

The worst kind of turbulence is encountered in the vicinity of rotor clouds

In Mountain waves the Rotor clouds form in

Clear air turbulence is often encountered

Most CAT occurs on the ……. of a jet stream and in the vicinity of upper level frontal zones where temperature contrasts are strong.

CAT is the bumpiness experienced by aircraft at high altitudes ……. in either cloudfree conditions or in stratiform clouds

When approaching an area where mountain waves have been reported, a pilot should expect: