the tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

wave like muscle contractions that pushes food through the intestine

What is the organs that are included in the gastrointestinal tract?

What are the functions of the digestive system?

What are the accessory digestive organs?

GI lymphatics absorb

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus

The peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall

The peritoneum that COVERS the abdominal organs

What is the first step in the process of digesting and absorbing materials?

The process of turning waste into feces and fecal material

Producing and releasing mucin or fluids such as acid, bile and digestive enzymes

mastication (chewing)

mucin mixing with water to form mucus and coats GI wall to lubricate it against acidic secretions

Passive or active transport of electrolytes, digestion products, vitamins and water across the GI tract epithelium and into GI blood and lymph vessels

What is defecation?

What is process of digestion from start to end?

The digestive system is controlled by _________ nervous system

Parasympathetic _____________ the activity of the GI tract

Sympathetic _____________ the activity of the GI tract

What type of epithelium does the oral cavity have?

When chewed, food is mixed with saliva and converted into a ball of food called _______.

Undigested materials are expelled from the body via a process called ______.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the tongue?

The salivary glands collectively produce and secrete saliva, a fluid that assists in the initial activities of ______.

Teeth are responsible for ______, the first part of the ______ digestion process.

The oropharynx and the laryngopharynx are lined with ______ epithelium.

Not everything we eat can be used by the body. Two examples include ______ and ______.

The portion of the serous membrane that directly contacts the surface of some abdominal organs is called the ______ peritoneum.

The tongue is an accessory digestive organ that is formed primarily from ______ muscle and covered with stratified ______ epithelium.

The ______ cavity is a potential space where the parietal and visceral layers that face each other secrete a lubricating ______ fluid.

Most saliva is produced during ______, but smaller amounts are produced continuously to ensure that the oral cavity mucous membrane remains moist.

In a tooth, ______ pass through the apical foramen and are housed in the pulp.

The abdominopelvic cavity is lined with moist ______ membranes.

In the submucosa, ______-secreting glands project ducts across the mucosa and open into the lumen of the tract in the esophagus and duodenum.

he wall of the GI tract, from the esophagus through the ______, contains ______ concentric layers called tunics.

For most of the abdominal GI tract organs, the lining epithelium is a ______ epithelium.

The muscularis usually contains two layers of ______ muscle.

In the GI tract, branches of the arteries travel within the tunics, and the mucosa contains capillaries that have ______ endothelial cells to promote absorption.

Exceptions to the typical pattern of smooth muscle fiber orientation include the ______ (which contains a mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle) and the ______ (which contains three layers of smooth muscle).

The parasympathetic changes in activity induce ______ and an increase in GI ______ flow.

The blood vessels, lymphatic structures, and nerves enter the GI tract from either the surrounding structures or via the supporting ______.

The submucosa is composed of either ______ or dense irregular connective tissue and has far ______ cells than the lamina propria.

The veins of the GI tract merge to form the ______ system of veins.

In general, ______ innervation promotes digestive system activity by stimulating GI gland secretions and peristalsis, and by relaxing GI sphincters.

After the bolus has been completely processed in the stomach, the product is called ______.

The empty esophagus is ______.

Select three phases of swallowing

The oblique layer is best-developed at the ______ and the ______ of the stomach.

At the base of each pit are the openings of several branched tubular glands, called ______, which extend through the length of the mucosa to its base.

The stomach is intraperitoneal, so its outermost tunic is a(n) ______.

The gastric glands in the cardia and pylorus produce mainly protective and ______, mucin.

The small intestine receives its blood supply primarily from branches of the ______ mesenteric artery, and it is innervated by the superior mesenteric ______.

Ingested nutrients spend at least ______ hours in the small intestine as chemical digestion and absorption are completed.

Circular folds act to ______ the movement of chyme and ensure that it remains within the small intestine for maximal nutrient absorption.

By absorbing most of the remaining water, the watery material that first enters the large intestine soon solidifies and becomes ______.

The small intestine extends from the ______ of the stomach to the ______ of the large intestine, and thus occupies a significant portion of the abdominal cavity.

The villi ______ the small intestine surface area for absorption and secretion.

The large intestine absorbs most of the ______ and ions from the remaining digested material.

Both the cecum and the vermiform appendix are ______ organs.

The ascending colon is ______ since its posterior wall directly adheres to the posterior abdominal wall, and only its anterior surface is covered with peritoneum.

The mucosa of the large intestine is lined with simple ______ epithelium and goblet cells.

The descending colon is ______ and found along the ______ side of the abdominal cavity.

The rectum is a ______ structure that connects to the ______ colon.

The large intestine mucosa lacks ______.

Hepatocytes produce bile, detoxify drugs, metabolites, and poisons.

The accessory digestive organs produce ______ that facilitate the chemical digestive activities of GI tract organs.

Hepatocytes synthesize blood plasma proteins such as albumins, ______, and proteins required for blood clotting.

The biliary apparatus is a network of thin ducts that carry bile from the liver and gallbladder to the ______.

Tongue motor innervation

Tongue sensory (texture) innervation

Tongue Taste innervation

What is the function of the soft palate and uvula?

Function of saliva

Function of the pharynx

Which structure conducts both food and air?

What epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

What epithelium lines the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

What organ has nonkeratinized stratified squamous mucosa?

Which organ(s) have simple columnar epithelium mucosa?

Which organ has 2 layers of muscle?

1/3 skeletal muscle

1/3 smooth and skeletal muscle

1/3 smooth muscle

Which organ has 3 layers of smooth muscle?

Which organ has a inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer

Which organ has 2 layers of smooth muscle?

outer longitudinal layer (teniae coli)

The tunics comprising the GI tract wall include

Function of the stomach

Why does the muscularis of the stomach have 3 layers of smooth muscle and not two?

Functions of the small intestine

How does the duodenum receive bile and pancreatic enzymes?

Which of the following is the correct order of small intestine regions that food passes as it's being digested?

Which cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?

Which is not correct about the esophagus?

Check all that are characteristics of the esophagus

Oral cavity function

Select the functions of the liver

The hepatic artery brings in blood________ from the heart/aorta

Bile flows in the ________ direction from the central vein

Does the gallbladder produce bile?

What organ store and concentrate bile

What is pancreatic juice function

a network of tubes that transport bile and pancreatic juice to the duodenum

What is the path of bile through the biliary apparatus starting from the gallbladder to the small intestine?

Celiac supplies blood to the

Superior mesenteric artery supplies blood to

inferior mesenteric artery supplies blood to

Veins that drain blood from GI tract directly to the liver

Where does the splenic vein drain blood from?

Salivary glands are increased by

Sphincter relaxes (vasodilation)

Sphincter closes (vasoconstriction)

Increased peristalsis

Decreased peristalsis

decreased bile production

increased pancreatic juice

Decreased pancreatic juice