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Ovarian Pathology Worksheet Questions

Total questions: 116

Worksheet time: 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Theca lutein cysts are typically

a)

Small and unilateral

b)

Large, bilateral, and multiloculated

c)

Solid and vascular

d)

Calcified and irregular

2.

Theca lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which hormone?

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

HCG

d)

FSH

3.

Theca lutein cysts are seen in approximately what percentage of patients with trophoblastic disease?

a)

5%

b)

15%

c)

30%

d)

50%

4.

Theca lutein cysts may occur in patients undergoing

a)

Antibiotic treatment

b)

Infertility drug therapy

c)

Thyroid medication

d)

Steroid therapy

5.

A common clinical symptom of theca lutein cysts is

a)

Fever

b)

Jaundice

c)

Nausea and vomiting

d)

Severe vaginal bleeding

6.

Theca lutein cysts are most commonly seen in which patient population?

a)

Teenagers

b)

Pregnant women in their first trimester

c)

Menopausal or postmenopausal women

d)

Women under 25 with irregular cycles

7.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) occurs due to

a)

Thyroid dysfunction

b)

Fertility treatment/ovulation induction

c)

Untreated UTIs

d)

Excessive exercise

8.

Which symptom is most associated with mild OHSS?

a)

Severe abdominal distention

b)

Pelvic discomfort

c)

Pleural effusion

d)

Rapid weight gain

9.

In mild OHSS, ovarian size typically measures

a)

<3 cm

b)

<5 cm

c)

6–8 cm

d)

>10 cm

10.

Severe OHSS is characterized by ovaries measuring

a)

<2 cm

b)

3–5 cm

c)

6–8 cm

d)

>10 cm

11.

Which of the following is commonly associated with severe OHSS?

a)

Dehydration only

b)

Mild bloating

c)

Ascites and pleural effusion

d)

No abdominal symptoms

12.

A hallmark ultrasound finding in OHSS is

a)

Thick, calcified ovarian walls

b)

Numerous large, thin-walled cysts around the ovarian periphery

c)

Solid hyperechoic ovarian masses

d)

Absent ovarian blood flow

13.

Severe OHSS typically presents with

a)

No pain

b)

Severe pelvic pain and abdominal distention

c)

Vaginal bleeding

d)

Fever and chills

14.

OHSS usually resolves within

a)

24–48 hours

b)

1 week

c)

2–3 weeks

d)

6–8 weeks

15.

Paraovarian cysts arise from remnants of which structure?

a)

Müllerian ducts

b)

Wolffian ducts

c)

Gartner ducts

d)

Mesonephric arteries

16.

Paraovarian cysts account for approximately what percentage of adnexal masses?

a)

2%

b)

5%

c)

10%

d)

25%

17.

Where are paraovarian cysts specifically located?

a)

Inside the ovary

b)

Behind the uterus

c)

Adjacent to the ovary within the broad ligament

d)

Attached to the fallopian tube

18.

Paraovarian cysts are usually

a)

Large malignant tumors

b)

Simple cysts that may grow up to 15 cm

c)

Complex cysts with thick septations

d)

Found only in postmenopausal women

19.

What is the primary cause of ovarian torsion?

a)

Infection of the ovary

b)

Partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis

c)

Hormonal imbalance

d)

Blockage of the fallopian tube

20.

Which of the following is a common symptom of ovarian torsion?

a)

Gradual onset of pelvic discomfort

b)

Sudden severe unilateral pelvic pain

c)

Frequent urination

d)

Heavy menstrual bleeding

21.

Ovarian torsion often blocks which types of drainage?

a)

Only arterial

b)

Only lymphatic

c)

Venous and lymphatic

d)

Gastrointestinal

22.

Which ovary is more commonly affected by torsion?

a)

Left ovary

b)

Right ovary

c)

Both equally

d)

Neither

23.

Which of the following is a risk factor for ovarian torsion?

a)

Diabetes

b)

Ovarian cyst or mass

c)

Hypertension

d)

Menopause

24.

Ovarian torsion most commonly occurs in which age group?

a)

Children and younger females under 30

b)

Women over 50

c)

Postmenopausal women

d)

Infants only

25.

What percentage of gynecologic emergencies is accounted for by ovarian torsion?

a)

1%

b)

3%

c)

10%

d)

15%

26.

Which of the following may be palpable in more than 50% of ovarian torsion cases?

a)

Uterine fibroid

b)

Adnexal mass

c)

Enlarged bladder

d)

Cervical polyp

27.

What is the possible outcome if ovarian torsion is not treated promptly?

a)

Infertility only

b)

Edema, hemorrhage, necrosis, and infarction of the ovary

c)

Increased hormone production

d)

Chronic pelvic infections

28.

After a torsion occurs on one side, what is the chance of torsion occurring on the other side?

a)

1%

b)

5%

c)

10%

d)

20%

29.

What type of ovarian tumor is most common among benign epithelial tumors?

a)

Mucinous cystadenoma

b)

Serous cystadenoma

c)

Dermoid cyst

d)

Endometrioma

30.

Approximately what percentage of all ovarian neoplasms are serous cystadenomas?

a)

10%-15%

b)

25%-30%

c)

40%-45%

d)

50%-55%

31.

Serous cystadenomas typically contain which type of fluid?

a)

Mucinous

b)

Serous

c)

Hemorrhagic

d)

Pus

32.

How often are serous cystadenomas unilateral?

a)

25% of cases

b)

50% of cases

c)

75% of cases

d)

90% of cases

33.

What is the usual size range for serous cystadenomas?

a)

1-5 cm

b)

5-10 cm (up to 20 cm possible)

c)

10-15 cm

d)

15-25 cm

34.

In which group of women are serous cystadenomas most commonly found?

a)

Teenagers

b)

Women in their 20s

c)

Women in their 40s–60s (postmenopausal)

d)

Women over 70

35.

Serous cystadenomas are usually:

a)

Symptomatic, even when small

b)

Asymptomatic unless they become large

c)

Always bilateral

d)

Associated with severe pelvic pain in most cases

36.

What is the typical size range of a mucinous cystadenoma?

a)

1–5 cm

b)

5–10 cm

c)

15–30 cm

d)

Over 50 cm

37.

How often are mucinous cystadenomas bilateral?

a)

<5% of cases

b)

10% of cases

c)

25% of cases

d)

50% of cases

38.

What type of fluid fills a mucinous cystadenoma?

a)

Serous fluid

b)

Thick mucin and debris

c)

Hemorrhagic fluid

d)

Clear watery fluid

39.

What serious complication can occur if a mucinous cystadenoma ruptures?

a)

Ovarian torsion

b)

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

c)

Endometriosis

d)

Fibroid formation

40.

Mucinous cystadenomas are most commonly found in which age group?

a)

Teenagers

b)

Women 20–30 years old

c)

Women 30–50 years old

d)

Women over 60

41.

Cystadenofibroma accounts for approximately what percentage of benign ovarian tumors?

a)

0.5%

b)

1.7%

c)

5%

d)

10%

42.

Cystadenofibromas are most commonly found in which group of women?

a)

Postmenopausal women

b)

Menstruating women

c)

Teenagers

d)

Women over 60

43.

What tissue components are present in a cystadenofibroma?

a)

Only epithelial

b)

Only fibrous stroma

c)

Both epithelial and fibrous stromal components

d)

Only mucinous tissue

44.

Why are cystadenofibromas sometimes misdiagnosed as malignant?

a)

They often rupture

b)

They contain solid components

c)

They are always bilateral

d)

They produce hormones

45.

Brenner tumors account for approximately what percentage of all ovarian neoplasms?

a)

0.5%

b)

1–2%

c)

5–10%

d)

15–20%

46.

Brenner tumors are typically:

a)

Always malignant

b)

Usually benign but can be malignant

c)

Always cystic

d)

Hormone-producing

47.

From what type of tissue does a Brenner tumor arise?

a)

Epithelial only

b)

Dense fibrous stroma

c)

Mucinous tissue

d)

Smooth muscle

48.

Brenner tumors may be associated with:

a)

Endometriomas on the opposite side

b)

Other cystic neoplasms on the same side

c)

Fibroids in the uterus

d)

Serous cystadenomas bilaterally

49.

Brenner tumors are most commonly found in:

a)

Teenagers

b)

Women in their 20s–30s

c)

Postmenopausal women (50s–60s)

d)

Women over 70

50.

What is the typical size range of a Brenner tumor?

a)

Usually very large, 20–30 cm

b)

Small, up to 8 cm

c)

Always microscopic

d)

Over 15 cm

51.

Benign cystic teratoma is the most common type of what?

a)

Epithelial ovarian tumor

b)

Germ cell tumor

c)

Fibrous ovarian tumor

d)

Stromal tumor

52.

Benign cystic teratomas most commonly occur in which age group?

a)

Women over 60

b)

Teenagers and women under 20

c)

Women 30–50

d)

Postmenopausal women

53.

What is the typical size range of benign cystic teratomas?

a)

1–5 cm

b)

5–10 cm, can grow up to 40 cm

c)

10–15 cm

d)

Over 50 cm

54.

What is the malignant potential of benign cystic teratomas?

a)

0%

b)

1–2%

c)

5–10%

d)

15–20%

55.

Which of the following tissues may be found in a benign cystic teratoma?

a)

Hair, teeth, glandular tissue, thyroid tissue

b)

Only epithelial tissue

c)

Only fibrous stroma

d)

Only serous fluid

56.

How is a benign cystic teratoma connected to the ovary?

a)

By a pedicle

b)

Directly fused

c)

Via cystic fluid only

d)

It is not connected

57.

What imaging sign is commonly associated with benign cystic teratomas?

a)

Ground glass appearance

b)

Tip of the iceberg sign

c)

Snowstorm sign

d)

String of pearls sign

58.

Dermoid tumors are a type of:

a)

Epithelial ovarian tumor

b)

Teratoma containing mature tissues

c)

Fibrous stromal tumor

d)

Cystadenoma

59.

Which of the following tissues are commonly found in dermoid tumors?

a)

Only epithelial cells

b)

Skin, hair, sweat glands

c)

Serous fluid only

d)

Fibrous stroma only

60.

Dermoid tumors are most similar to which other ovarian tumor?

a)

Serous cystadenoma

b)

Benign cystic teratoma

c)

Mucinous cystadenoma

d)

Brenner tumor

61.

Fibromas account for approximately what percentage of all ovarian tumors?

a)

1%

b)

5%

c)

10%

d)

15%

62.

Fibromas are primarily composed of which type of tissue?

a)

Epithelial tissue

b)

Fibrous (connective) tissue

c)

Glandular tissue

d)

Smooth muscle

63.

Fibromas are most commonly found in which age group?

a)

Teenagers

b)

Women in their 20s–30s

c)

Women in their 50s–60s

d)

Women over 70

64.

What percentage of fibromas are unilateral?

a)

50%

b)

70%

c)

90%

d)

100%

65.

What is the usual size range of fibromas?

a)

1–5 cm

b)

5–16 cm, but can be larger ("melon size")

c)

20–30 cm

d)

Over 40 cm

66.

Fibromas are most commonly associated with which syndrome?

a)

Meigs’ Syndrome

b)

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

c)

Ovarian torsion

d)

Endometriosis

67.

Why do thecomas often cause abnormal uterine bleeding?

a)

Due to cyst rupture

b)

Due to estrogen production

c)

Due to fibrous tissue growth

d)

Due to infection

68.

How large can thecomas typically grow?

a)

Up to 5 cm

b)

Up to 15 cm

c)

Up to 30 cm

d)

Over 50 cm

69.

Thecomas are usually:

a)

Malignant

b)

Benign

c)

Always bilateral

d)

Always cystic

70.

Thecomas account for approximately what percentage of ovarian tumors?

a)

<1%

b)

1–2%

c)

5–10%

d)

10–15%

71.

Thecomas are primarily:

a)

Cystic

b)

Solid tumors

c)

Fibrous only

d)

Serous fluid-filled

72.

Thecomas produce which hormone?

a)

Progesterone

b)

Estrogen

c)

Testosterone

d)

Luteinizing hormone

73.

Thecomas are most commonly found in which group of women?

a)

Teenagers

b)

Women in their 30s

c)

Postmenopausal women (70%)

d)

Women over 80

74.

What clinical symptom is commonly associated with thecomas due to estrogen production?

a)

Severe pelvic pain

b)

Abnormal uterine bleeding

c)

Frequent urination

d)

Infertility

75.

Thecomas are usually:

a)

Bilateral

b)

Unilateral

c)

Always malignant

d)

Always small (<5 cm)

76.

Sertoli-Leydig tumors are also known as:

a)

Thecomas

b)

Androblastoma and Arrhenoblastoma

c)

Brenner tumors

d)

Fibromas

77.

Sertoli-Leydig tumors account for approximately what percentage of all ovarian tumors?

a)

<0.5%

b)

1–2%

c)

5–10%

d)

10–15%

78.

Sertoli-Leydig tumors typically occur in patients under what age?

a)

<20 years

b)

<30 years

c)

30–50 years

d)

Over 50 years

79.

Sertoli-Leydig tumors belong to which group of ovarian tumors?

a)

Germ cell tumors

b)

Sex cord–stromal tumors

c)

Epithelial tumors

d)

Fibrous tumors

80.

What hormone do Sertoli-Leydig tumors secrete?

a)

Estrogen

b)

Progesterone

c)

Androgens (testosterone)

d)

Luteinizing hormone

81.

Common clinical symptoms of Sertoli-Leydig tumors include:

a)

Pelvic pain, abdominal swelling, and masculinization

b)

Asymptomatic unless very large

c)

Postmenopausal bleeding

d)

Frequent urination

82.

What is the normal function of Sertoli cells in the testes?

a)

Produce testosterone

b)

Nourish sperm

c)

Produce estrogen

d)

Form fibrous tissue

83.

What is the normal function of Leydig cells in the testes?

a)

Nourish sperm

b)

Produce testosterone

c)

Produce estrogen

d)

Produce mucin

84.

The tumor arises from which cells in the ovaries?

a)

Only ovarian surface epithelium

b)

Sertoli and Leydig cells

c)

Fibrous stroma

d)

Germ cells

85.

Which of the following is true about Sertoli-Leydig tumors?

a)

They are common in postmenopausal women

b)

They frequently produce estrogen

c)

They often cause virilization due to androgen secretion

d)

They are usually bilateral

86.

Peritoneal inclusion cysts are lined with which type of cells?

a)

Epithelial cells

b)

Mesothelial cells

c)

Fibrous stromal cells

d)

Germ cells

87.

How are peritoneal inclusion cysts typically formed?

a)

From ovarian surface epithelium

b)

When adhesions trap peritoneal fluid around the ovaries

c)

From fibrous stroma proliferation

d)

From ruptured cystadenomas

88.

Which of the following is a common imaging description for peritoneal inclusion cysts?

a)

Tip of the iceberg sign

b)

Spider in a spider web

c)

Snowstorm appearance

d)

String of pearls

89.

Peritoneal inclusion cysts are most common in which group of women?

a)

Postmenopausal women

b)

Premenopausal women

c)

Teenagers

d)

Women over 70

90.

Which of the following are risk factors for developing peritoneal inclusion cysts?

a)

Previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, trauma, PID, endometriosis

b)

Only ovarian cysts

c)

Only menopause

d)

Only fibroid presence

91.

Polycystic ovaries are also known as:

a)

Peritoneal inclusion cysts

b)

Stein-Leventhal Syndrome

c)

Thecomas

d)

Brenner tumors

92.

The exact cause of polycystic ovaries is:

a)

Known and due to infection

b)

Unknown

c)

Caused by ovarian cyst rupture

d)

Caused by menopause

93.

Polycystic ovaries are associated with which hormonal abnormalities?

a)

High estrogen and low testosterone

b)

High serum testosterone, high LH or FSH, low progesterone

c)

Low androgens, high progesterone

d)

Only high progesterone

94.

Which of the following are common clinical features of polycystic ovaries?

a)

Obesity, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, virilization, hirsutism

b)

Only pelvic pain

c)

Postmenopausal bleeding

d)

Serous cyst formation

95.

How does a hemorrhagic cyst typically appear during the late acute phase on imaging?

a)

Anechoic

b)

Solid mass

c)

Complex mass

d)

Hyperechoic rim only

96.

Hemorrhagic cysts may mimic which of the following on imaging?

a)

Simple cyst

b)

Solid mass

c)

Fibroma

d)

Brenner tumor

97.

Internal hemorrhage in hemorrhagic cysts most commonly occurs in:

a)

Serous cystadenomas

b)

Corpus luteum cysts or follicular cysts

c)

Thecomas

d)

Brenner tumors

98.

What is a common symptom of hemorrhagic cysts?

a)

Chronic bloating

b)

Acute onset of pelvic pain

c)

Postmenopausal bleeding

d)

Infertility

99.

Which of the following are important differential diagnoses for hemorrhagic cysts?

a)

Endometriosis and fibroids

b)

Ectopic pregnancy and tubal infection

c)

Serous cystadenoma and mucinous cystadenoma

d)

Brenner tumor and fibroma

100.

How does an acute hemorrhagic cyst typically appear on imaging?

a)

Anechoic

b)

Complex mass

c)

Solid mass

d)

Hyperechoic rim only

101.

How does a resolving hemorrhagic cyst typically appear on imaging?

a)

Anechoic

b)

Solid mass

c)

Complex mass

d)

Hyperechoic only

102.

Meigs’ syndrome is classically associated with which triad?

a)

Ovarian torsion, hematuria, and fever

b)

Benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion

c)

Malignant ovarian tumor, lymphadenopathy, and jaundice

d)

Fibroma, peritoneal inclusion cyst, and hemorrhagic cyst

103.

Meigs’ syndrome most commonly occurs with which type of ovarian tumor?

a)

Brenner tumor

b)

Fibroma

c)

Thecoma

d)

Serous cystadenoma

104.

What typically happens to ascites and pleural effusion after removal of the tumor in Meigs’ syndrome?

a)

They persist indefinitely

b)

They resolve immediately

c)

They worsen

d)

They convert into cysts

105.

Krukenberg tumors are:

a)

Primary ovarian tumors

b)

Metastatic tumors to the ovary from a primary elsewhere

c)

Cystic ovarian tumors

d)

Fibrous ovarian tumors

106.

The most common primary site for a Krukenberg tumor is:

a)

Breast

b)

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

c)

Lung

d)

Endometrium

107.

Krukenberg tumors are typically:

a)

Unilateral

b)

Bilateral

c)

Always cystic

d)

Small (<2 cm)

108.

What imaging or gross appearance is often described for Krukenberg tumors?

a)

Tip of the iceberg sign

b)

Spider in a spider web

c)

“Moth-eaten” sign

d)

String of pearls

109.

Which type of cells are characteristic of Krukenberg tumors?

a)

Fibrous stromal cells

b)

Signet ring cells

c)

Sertoli cells

d)

Leydig cells

110.

Dysgerminoma is the most common:

a)

Benign ovarian tumor

b)

Malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary

c)

Sex cord-stromal tumor

d)

Epithelial ovarian tumor

111.

Approximately what percentage of ovarian germ cell tumors are dysgerminomas?

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

90%

112.

Dysgerminomas are most commonly seen in:

a)

Postmenopausal women

b)

Women under 30, including adolescents

c)

Women in their 40s–50s

d)

Infants

113.

Which clinical feature may dysgerminomas cause?

a)

Abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women

b)

Primary amenorrhea

c)

Hirsutism

d)

Virilization

114.

Which serum marker is often elevated in dysgerminomas?

a)

CA-125

b)

LDH

c)

AFP

d)

hCG

115.

How do dysgerminomas generally respond to treatment?

a)

Resistant to radiation and chemotherapy

b)

Highly sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy

c)

Only respond to surgery

d)

Only respond to hormone therapy

116.

What proportion of dysgerminomas behave aggressively?

a)

All of them

b)

1/3

c)

2/3

d)

None